Results of ESI Phase 1 in Africa
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Results of ESI Phase 1 in Africa Sophie Hickling Consultant Water and Sanitation Program
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This powerpoint was presented by WSP Consultant, Sophie Hickling,during AfricaSan 3 (Kigali, Rwanda - 2011) under the "Economics of Sanitation for Advocacy and Decision Making" session. This session introduced the Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) aims, rationale, and methods. A panel of experts from government, donors and other sector specialists in Africa commented on the use of ESI results for sanitation financing; the use of media to influence stakeholders; the mechanisms for adopting ESI results into government decision making; and critical assessment and proposed improvement to ESI methods.
Transcript of Results of ESI Phase 1 in Africa
Results of ESI Phase 1 in Africa
Sophie Hickling
Consultant
Water and Sanitation Program
Countries included in the study
• Benin• Burkina Faso• Congo, Dem Rep of• Ghana• Kenya
• Madagascar• Mozambique• Niger• Nigeria• Rwanda
Costs of poor sanitation included in the study
• Mortality
• Healthcare
• Access
• Productivity
How these costs were derived
• Desk study
• Estimation
Example:
Burkina Faso loses US$ 136 million each year due to mortality
Mortality costs are the largest national cost of poor sanitation
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Example:
Ghana spends US$ 54 million on health care each year
Healthcare costs resulting from poor sanitation are a heavy burden
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Healthcare
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Example:
Niger loses US$ 23 million each year in access time
Finding a private location to defecate leads to economic loses which affect women most
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HealthcareHealth productivity
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Example:
Kenya loses US$ 2.7 million each year in productivity
Incapacity due to sickness and time accessing healthcare result in lost productivity
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Example:
In Rwanda OD costs US$ 2 more per open defecator than either unimproved or shared latrines
Costs associated with open defecation are greater than fixed point sanitation
OD Unimproved Shared0
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Example:
In Nigeria average cost of poor sanitation is almost 10% of average salary for the poorest.
The economic burden of poor sanitation falls most heavily on the poorest
Poorest 2nd 3rd 4th Richest0%
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Other potentially significant costs
Epidemics: Annual additional cost of responding to cholera in Mozambique is est. US$ 5.1 million.
Funerals: Sanitation-related funerals costs in Burkina Faso is est. US$ 1.5 million per year
Water pollution: Poor sanitation affects drinking water sources increasing costs of treatment and supply
Other potentially significant costs
Tourism: Based on existing travel and tourism contribution to GDP, by addressing poor sanitation in Ghana could gain est. US$ 8.5 milion each year.
Cognitive development: Long term economic losses: early childhood diarrhoea under nutrition reduced cognitive development. STH infection impaired cognitive development.
Excreta re-use: Could bring potential economic benefit.
Conclusions
• Public financing of sanitation is a good investment and should be increased
• Public sector investment in sanitation is an important tool in poverty alleviation
• Public sector financing of sanitation strengthens other areas of the economy
