ResultsResults Animals with recognition displayed increased Animals with recognition displayed increased

BDNF in the iTC, CA1 of the hippocampus, the BDNF in the iTC, CA1 of the hippocampus, the diagonal band, basolateral amygdala and the diagonal band, basolateral amygdala and the anterior cingulate, medial frontal, entorhinal anterior cingulate, medial frontal, entorhinal and pyriform cortices.and pyriform cortices.

Activity in Visual AND Olfactory areas of cortexActivity in Visual AND Olfactory areas of cortex Suggests that reorganization of neural circuits Suggests that reorganization of neural circuits

underlying the visual recognition of lambs or underlying the visual recognition of lambs or the integration of olfactory/visual information the integration of olfactory/visual information is occurring even at this time (though accurate is occurring even at this time (though accurate behavioral recognition at this stage can only be behavioral recognition at this stage can only be olfactory).olfactory).

Solid Data?Solid Data?

Experimental group engaged in 4.5 Experimental group engaged in 4.5 hours of maternal behavior not hours of maternal behavior not present in the control.present in the control.

Stress in the control group?Stress in the control group?

Mapping of Olfactory Memory Mapping of Olfactory Memory Circuits: Region-Specific c-fos Circuits: Region-Specific c-fos Activation After Odor-Reward Activation After Odor-Reward

Associative Learning of After its Associative Learning of After its RetrievalRetrieval

Sophie Tronel and Susan J. SaraSophie Tronel and Susan J. Sara

The BasicsThe Basics

Looking for post-training activation of a Looking for post-training activation of a network of closely related brain regions, network of closely related brain regions, particularly in the frontal cortex and the particularly in the frontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), that is basolateral amygdala (BLA), that is specific to the learning of an odor reward specific to the learning of an odor reward sensation via immunoreaction to c-fossensation via immunoreaction to c-fos

Retrieval does not differentially activate Retrieval does not differentially activate the same regions (amygdala is not active the same regions (amygdala is not active after retrieval whereas the lateral after retrieval whereas the lateral habenula shows activity). habenula shows activity).

Co-activation of the amygdala, Co-activation of the amygdala, hippocampus and inferior hippocampus and inferior

frontal gyrus during frontal gyrus during autobiographical memory autobiographical memory

retrieval.retrieval.

Greenberg et al.Greenberg et al.

The BasicsThe Basics

Functional MRI utilized to investigate the Functional MRI utilized to investigate the role of the medial temporal lobe and role of the medial temporal lobe and inferior frontal lobe regions in inferior frontal lobe regions in autobiographical recall.autobiographical recall.

Autobiographical Memory: constructed of Autobiographical Memory: constructed of memories for personal life events.memories for personal life events.

Tulving’s autonoetic conciousnessTulving’s autonoetic conciousness Dependent upon medial temporal and pre-Dependent upon medial temporal and pre-

frontal regionsfrontal regions The three predictions...The three predictions...

fMRI ResultsfMRI Results

Amygdala: Significant 3 way interaction Amygdala: Significant 3 way interaction of retrieval condition, hemisphere, and of retrieval condition, hemisphere, and slice.slice.

Hippocampus: Greater activation during Hippocampus: Greater activation during autobiographical retrieval and left autobiographical retrieval and left hemisphere biashemisphere bias

IFG: same as amygdala plus a posterior IFG: same as amygdala plus a posterior gradient of activation in the right gradient of activation in the right hemisphere during autobiograhical hemisphere during autobiograhical retrievalretrieval

Group averaged hemodynamic responsesGroup averaged hemodynamic responses

Schematic illustration of results from Schematic illustration of results from the correlational analysis for each the correlational analysis for each

retrieval condition.retrieval condition.

DiscussionDiscussion

Greater activity in left amygdala, Greater activity in left amygdala, hippocampus, and right IFG relative to hippocampus, and right IFG relative to semantic.semantic.

Tighter coupling of activity across these Tighter coupling of activity across these three regions relative to semantic three regions relative to semantic memorymemory

Cohesion between medial temporal and Cohesion between medial temporal and ventral frontal lobes.ventral frontal lobes.

IFG: contributes to both types of memory IFG: contributes to both types of memory but activation prolonged in semanticbut activation prolonged in semantic

The neural origins of The neural origins of specific and general specific and general

memory: the role of the memory: the role of the fusiform cortexfusiform cortex

Rachel J. Garoff, Scott D. Slotnick, Daniel L. Rachel J. Garoff, Scott D. Slotnick, Daniel L. SchacterSchacter

The BasicsThe Basics

Conducted an event related fMRI study Conducted an event related fMRI study to observe fusiform cortex activityto observe fusiform cortex activity

Memory expression: specific/verbatim Memory expression: specific/verbatim vs. non-specific recognition of the vs. non-specific recognition of the general sensegeneral sense

Neural basis for non-specific Neural basis for non-specific recognition?recognition?

The Fusiform Cortex: significance of The Fusiform Cortex: significance of activity.activity.

Behavioral responses associated Behavioral responses associated with same similar and new items with same similar and new items

at recognition.at recognition.

ResultsResults

Activity in the right fusiform gyrus, Activity in the right fusiform gyrus, extending into the parahippocampal extending into the parahippocampal gyrus, during encoding was gyrus, during encoding was preferentially associated with preferentially associated with specific recognition.specific recognition.

Significant difference between Significant difference between encoding related activity associated encoding related activity associated with non-specific recognition and with non-specific recognition and baseline in left inferior frontal gyrus.baseline in left inferior frontal gyrus.