Improving the usability of the Information system of land cover in Spain (SIOSE)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN...
Transcript of RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN...
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN THE LAND OF VALÈNCIA (SPAIN)
Joan Carles Membrado Emilio Iranzo
32nd International Geographical Congress
Cologne 26 - 30 August 2012
Session on Land Use and Land Cover Change
The land of València (officially Comunitat Valenciana)
23.000 km2
1 of 17 autonomous communities (Eastern Spain)
5 million
Oranges
Industry
Construction
Tourism
València City (1.8) Alacant (0,75)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Institut Cartogràfic Valencià (Cartographic Institute of València)
Joan Carles Membrado person in charge of photointerpretation
CORINE (2000 and 2006) land of València SIOSE (2005-2006) land of València
CORINE has been for many years the reference GIS for land use researches in
València and Spain
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Between 1990 and 2006 artificial surfaces almost double
57167 (2,5%)
100416 (4,4%)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
1 2
CORINE (MAIN) ARTIFICIALS SURFACES (ha) València (1990-2006)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
23391 25661
7069
1046
32799
40238
18444
8935
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
111.Continuous
Urban Fabric
112.DiscontinuousUrban Fabric
121. Industrialor Commercial
Units
133.Construction
Sites
CORINE 1990 (ha)
CORINE 2006 (ha)
The class that grows the most: Discontinuous Urban Fabric
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
The class that grows the most: Discontinuous Urban Fabric
Land Use (CORINE) CORINE 1990
(ha) CORINE 2006
(ha) 90-06 % changes
(ha)
111. Continuous Urban Fabric 23391 32799 140,2205977 9408
112. Discontinuous Urban Fabric 25661 40238 156,8060481 +14577
121. Industrial or Commercial Units 7069 18444 260,9138492 11375
133. Construction Sites 1046 8935 854,206501 7889
(MAIN) ARTIFICIALS SURFACES 57167 100416 175,6537863 43249
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Modelo Benidorm: Alta Densidad Urbana Discontinuous Urban Fabric
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
300.000 from Western Europe
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Discontinuous Urban Fabric almost 150.000 from UK
43.000 from Germany
31.000 from Benelux
22.000 from Scandinavia
8.000 Switzerland/Austria
The class that follows in growth: Industrial or Commercial Units
23391 25661
7069
1046
32799
40238
18444
8935
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
111.Continuous
Urban Fabric
112.DiscontinuousUrban Fabric
121. Industrialor Commercial
Units
133.Construction
Sites
CORINE 1990 (ha)
CORINE 2006 (ha)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
The class that follows in growth: Industrial or Commercial Units
Land Use (CORINE) CORINE 1990
(ha) CORINE 2006
(ha) 90-06 % changes
(ha)
111. Continuous Urban Fabric 23391 32799 140,2205977 9408
112. Discontinuous Urban Fabric 25661 40238 156,8060481 14577
121. Industrial or Commercial Units 7069 18444 260,9138492 +11375
133. Construction Sites 1046 8935 854,206501 7889
(MAIN) ARTIFICIALS SURFACES 57167 100416 175,6537863 43249
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Industrial and
Commercial
Units:
+11300 Ha
STRONG RISE OF COMMERCIAL AREAS (from 1 shopping centre in 1990 up to 68 in 2008)
Car-friendly malls developed in the Western world (from 1950s). Linked to suburbs (112)
Next class in growth: Continuous Urban Fabric
23391 25661
7069
1046
32799
40238
18444
8935
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
111.Continuous
Urban Fabric
112.DiscontinuousUrban Fabric
121. Industrialor Commercial
Units
133.Construction
Sites
CORINE 1990 (ha)
CORINE 2006 (ha)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Land Use (CORINE) CORINE 1990
(ha) CORINE 2006
(ha) 90-06 % changes
(ha)
111. Continuous Urban Fabric 23391 32799 140,2205977 +9408
112. Discontinuous Urban Fabric 25661 40238 156,8060481 14577
121. Industrial or Commercial Units 7069 18444 260,9138492 11375
133. Construction Sites 1046 8935 854,206501 7889
(MAIN) ARTIFICIALS SURFACES 57167 100416 175,6537863 43249
Next class in growth: Continuous Urban Fabric
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Benidorm: 1950 Platja de Llevant Benidorm: 2005 Platja de Llevant
Benidorm resort: High Urban Density
En Benidorm, paradigma de ciudad turística compacta, la superficie de piscinas es de 2,08
ha, frente a las 29,3 de la expansiva Torrevieja.
1950 2010
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Modelo Benidorm: Alta Densidad Urbana
Continuous Urban Fabric
TALLEST RESIDENCIAL BUILDING IN EUROPE
TALLEST HOTEL BUILDING IN EUROPE
Housing boom: City of Arts and Sciences
Housing boom/bubble: City of Arts and Sciences
Next class in growth: Construction Sites 8935 corine & 12692 siose
23391 25661
7069
1046
32799
40238
18444
8935
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
111.Continuous
Urban Fabric
112.DiscontinuousUrban Fabric
121. Industrialor Commercial
Units
133.Construction
Sites
CORINE 1990 (ha)
CORINE 2006 (ha)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Land Use (CORINE) CORINE 1990
(ha) CORINE 2006
(ha) 90-06 % changes
(ha)
111. Continuous Urban Fabric 23391 32799 140,2205977 9408
112. Discontinuous Urban Fabric 25661 40238 156,8060481 14577
121. Industrial or Commercial Units 7069 18444 260,9138492 11375
133. Construction Sites 1046 8935 854,206501 +7889
(MAIN) ARTIFICIALS SURFACES 57167 100416 175,6537863 43249
Next class in growth: Construction Sites
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Airport (without planes)
Construction of the High Speed tracks between València and Madrid (1 hour and 35’)
PARTIALLY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS, WHOSE CONSTRUCTION HAS
BEEN INTERRUPTED BECAUSE OF THE CRISIS
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
URBANISED STREETS WITH NO BUILDINGS, WHOSE
CONSTRUCTION HAS NEVER BEGUN BECAUSE OF THE CRISIS
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
The collapse of the Spanish housing bubble put an end to this huge
growth of artificial surfaces
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Evolución de la construcción en Valencia
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
9.745 (1990)
7.459 (2006)
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
Permanently Irrigated Land (Horta de València)
Decline in Permanently Irrigated Land
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Land Use (CORINE) CORINE 1990
(ha) CORINE 2006
(ha) 90-06 % changes
(ha)
111. Continuous Urban Fabric 23391 32799 140,2205977 9408
112. Discontinuous Urban Fabric 25661 40238 156,8060481 14577
121. Industrial or Commercial Units 7069 18444 260,9138492 11375
133. Construction Sites 1046 8935 854,206501 +7889 212. Permanently Irrigated
Land (Horta de València)
9.745
7.459
-23,49
-2286
Decline in Permanently Irrigated Land
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
City growth threatens
the centuries-old
vegetable gardens
City growth threatens
the multisecular
vegetable gardens
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Before SIOSE, the reference land cover GIS in Spain was CORINE which shows geographical information for almost the whole of Europe On a regional or a national level, it is still better to use CORINE land cover than SIOSE, because of the excessive detail of SIOSE
Ricefields in València
Ricefields in Lombardia/Piemonte
Milan
València
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Rice in València
Rice in Lombardia/Piemonte
Milan
València
Olive groves in
Peloponese
Kalamata
Bari
Córdoba
Granada
Sparta
Olive groves in
Andalucía
(largest producer)
Olive groves in
Puglia
València
Catania
Nafplio
València
Spanish acronym standing for ‘Sistema de Información de Ocupación del Suelo en España’ (Spain’s Land Cover Information System) a GIS promoted and coordinated by the Spanish Instituto Geográfico Nacional a GIS with the highest level of territorial disaggregation ever carried out in Spain An optimal tool for: Strategies of sustainable regional development Planning and management of environmental resources Dynamic studies on land cover
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
SIOSE
Thanks to its level of detail a lot of researches can
be derived from SIOSE (especially on a local level)
MINIMUM MAPPING UNIT
Territory is divided into many polygons, each associated with its land
use, and with the only restriction of representing a minimum size, which
for SIOSE is:
• 2 hectares for natural (forest, shrub, etc.) and agricultural areas;
• 1 hectare for artificial areas (urban fabric, road network, etc.);
• 0,5 hectare for water bodies, wetlands, beaches, greenhouses and
riverside vegetation
•minimum width 15 m for linear elements (no minimum width for water
bodies, wetlands, beaches, greenhouses and riverside vegetation)
And for CORINE is:
•minimum mapping unit 25 hectares
•minimum width 100 m for linear elements
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
IMAGERY RESOLUTION
SIOSE
Its reference imagery is SPOT5
Resolution: 2.5 m
Reference scale: 1:25.000
Other support reference imagery is Spanish PNOA
Resolution: 0.5 m
Reference scale: 1:5.000
CORINE
Its reference imagery is Landsat
Resolution: 30 m
Reference scale: 1:100.000
.
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
SIOSE: the most detailed GIS ever created in Spain on land use In València: CORINE 8.541 different polygons and SIOSE > than 157.000 The reason for such a wide gap: the minimum mapping unit (CORINE = 25 ha and SIOSE = 2, 1 or 0,5 ha Two images from the same territory. CORINE = more generalized // SIOSE = bigger level of detail
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
NOMENCLATURE
•SIOSE 40 simple covers
A lot of complex covers, consisting of
regular (layout) mosaic
irregular (layout) mosaic
associations (anarchic layout)
42 artificial predefined associations
•CORINE 44 simple covers (3rd level of CORINE)
•Conceived for different purposes
•SIOSE (big scale) CORINE (small scale)
But their nomeclature have some similarities:
Both GIS’s aim to create a land cover classification
National Spanish Geographical Institute intends to automatically create
CORINE 2012 from SIOSE 2012 data, whose photo interpretation is
currently finishing.
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
SIOSE covers can be simple or complex.
Simple Covers cannot be divided into simpler ones:
100% of the polygon is homogeneous and bigger than the minimum
size required.
There are eight big types of simple land covers:
• Crops
• Grassland
• Scrub
• Trees
• Bare soils
• Wetlands
• Water bodies
• Artificial areas
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Simple land covers of crops (orange groves)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Simple cover of trees (conifers)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Complex Covers consist of the sum of
simple covers that do not satisfy the
minimum size required, and they need to
be aggregated into larger and complex
covers.
A complex cover can be distributed as a:
a Regular Mosaic if it has a more o less
regular layout (as in crops)
A regular mosaic, consisting of
60% of orange groves
30% of arable crops
10% of grassland (from abandoned crops).
Complex covers can also be distributed as a: an Irregular Mosaic if its layout is not
uniformly distributed (as in forest areas)
An irregular mosaic, consisting of: conifer trees (80%) grassland (20%)
There are 42 predefined artificial associations. This one is a discontinuous mixed urban association consisting of: 50% of buildings, 35% of streets, parking lots and pedestrian area without green areas ; 10% of green areas; 3% of unbuilt land; 2% of artificial water surface
Complex covers can also be distributed as a an Association if its layout is anarchicly mixed
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Different imagery, minimum mapping and nomenclature means different results
4,8
44,7
14,1
34,9
0,7 0,4 0,3
6,9
30,0
16,3
43,4
2,6 0,5 0,3
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
arti
fici
al la
nd
cro
ps
tree
s
shru
b-g
rass
lan
d
no
veg
etat
ion
wat
er b
od
ies
wet
lan
ds
CORINE (%)
SIOSE (%)
According to SIOSE: almost 194.000 ha are abandoned crops. For SIOSE they are grassland, but for CORINE, most of them are still crops (because of generalization)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo
32nd IGC (Cologne)
4,8
44,7
14,1
34,9
0,7 0,4 0,3
6,9
30,0
16,3
43,4
2,6 0,5 0,3
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
arti
fici
al la
nd
cro
ps
tree
s
shru
b-g
rass
lan
d
no
veg
etat
ion
wat
er b
od
ies
wet
lan
ds
CORINE (%)
SIOSE (%)
From an economic and
ecological point of view, the
more remarkable difference is
the artificial land:
CORINE 4,8%
SIOSE 6,9%.
4,8
6,9
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
CORINE (%) SIOSE (%)
artificial land
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
From an economic and ecological point of view: main difference is the artificial land.
Generalization of covers (CORINE) distorts –reduces– the statistics of artificial lands
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
CORINE only maps polygons > 25 ha
DIFFERENCES in ARTIFICIAL LANDS between CORINE: 11 artificial classes 111. continuous urban fabric 112. discontinuous urban fabric 121. industrial or commercial units 122. road and rail networks 123. port areas 124. airports 131. mineral extraction sites 132.dump sites 133. construction sites 141. green urban areas 142. sport and leisure facilities and SIOSE: 42 predefined artificial associations mixed urban which can present three layouts: old area (old city) expansion area (new city) discontinuous area (suburbs) primary sector (farms, forestry facilities, mineral extraction sites, fish farms) industrial buildings (planned or unplanned industrial areas, isolated factory) tertiary buildings (business & commercial area, recreational park, hotel complex, camping) different facilities (government, health, education & justice facilities, cemeteries, churches, prisons, monuments, cultural sites, sport facilities, golf courses, green areas) Infrastructures (road networks, rail networks, port areas, airports) power plants (nuclear, hydroelectric, thermal, wind & solar farms) water (sewage treatment plant, desalination plant, irrigation canal) Telecommunication repeater waste (dump sites, waste tretament plant)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
CORINE distinguishes 3 classes & polygons (111, 122 & 141) SIOSE distinguishes up to 100 polygons, all of them consisting of
predefined artificial associations (old city, new city, green areas, sports facilities, etc.)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
old area (old city)
expansion area (new city)
discontinuous area (suburbs)
Pre
defi
ned
Artifi
cial
Asso
cia
tions
some
exam
ples
Business & commercial areas
Predefined Artificial Associations some examples
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Predefined Artificial Associations some examples
Educational areas
Health areas
Nuclear power plant
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Predefined Artificial Associations some examples
Port areas
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Select by attributes: Citrus (code 222)
Statistics: 197.118 ha
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Statistics: 197.118 ha
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN VALÈNCIA (SPAIN) J. C. Membrado & E. Iranzo 32nd International Geographical Congress (Cologne)
Some simple covers can or cannot have an attribute
CONCLUSIONS
•CORINE: Dynamic studies on land cover
•Growth of artificial surfaces
•Discontinuous urban fabric & commercial units
•Model of extensive urbanization
•Best land cover GIS to compare (small scales)
•SIOSE: highest level of detail GIS in Spain
•Best land cover GIS to compare (big scales)
•Different imagery (more resolution in SIOSE)
•Different nomenclature (more complex in SIOSE)
•Different minimum mapping size (more restrictive in CORINE)
•Different results between SIOSE & CORINE
•SIOSE more accurate (more artificial surface, more grassland from crops, less crops)
THANK YOU
RESULTS AND COMPARISON BETWEEN CORINE AND SIOSE IN THE LAND OF VALÈNCIA (SPAIN)
Joan Carles Membrado Emilio Iranzo
32nd International Geographical Congress
Cologne 26 - 30 August 2012
Session on Land Use and Land Cover Change