RESTORING ARCHITECTURE: understanding structure - fitting material
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Transcript of RESTORING ARCHITECTURE: understanding structure - fitting material
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RESTORING ARCHITECTURE:understanding structure - fitting material
Franco Bontempi, PhD, PE, Professor of Structural Analysis and Design
School of EngineeringUniversity of Rome La Sapienza – ITALY
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http://engineering.unl.edu/durhamschool/arches-workshop/
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What is Italy? The context
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My office
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World Heritage Sites, July 2016
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Problemi meccanici fondamentalinella modellazione strutturale
1. Asimmetria del comportamento meccanicoelementare: resistenza a compressione ma non a trazione (comportamento monolatero);
2. Comportamento fornito da elementi discreti che al collasso mostrano una completa disaggregazione;
3. Eterogeneita’ a) nel prospetto (in superficie -tessitura) e b) nello spessore (nel profondo -paramenti);
4. Incertezze elevate sia sulle singole proprieta’ meccaniche sia sul comportamento d’insieme;
5. Difficolta’ di analisi dopo l’intervento di messa in sicurezza la costruzione (come si valuta l’interazionecon le opere provvisionali – costruzione per fasi);
6. Vulnerabilita’ diffusa.
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Elementi discreti 2
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Elementi discreti 2
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Elementi discreti 2
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Disaggregazioneal collasso
2
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3aEterogeneita’nel prospetto
(nella tesssitura)
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3bEterogeneita’nello spessore
(due paramenti)
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4Incertezze
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4Incertezze
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5Vulnerabilita’diffusa
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5
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Understanding structure Palazzo Camponeschi, L’Aquila - ITALY
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https://divisare.com/projects/285671-renato-rizzi-l-aquila-palazzo-camponeschi
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Sopralluogo 28 luglio 2011
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Structural System
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3131
Load Path
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Example
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BASIS OF THE DESIGN
1. How the building is configured
2. How to maintain connected the parts of the building
3. How to enhance the characteristics of the various parts
4. How to solve specific local problems
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37
Road Map
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1. How is configured the building
2. How to maintain connected the parts of the building
3. How to enhance the characteristics of the various parts
4. How to solve specific local problems
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Structural System
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To understand structural
topology
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BASI DEL
PROGETTO
CONFIGURAZIONE
TOPOLOGICA
ANALISI
STORICA
REGOLARITA'
STRUTTURALE
DISPOSIZIONI
PER
GARANTIRE
L'INTEGRITA'
STRUTTURALE
IN PIANTA
presenza di
Via Forcella
comportamento esplicato
durante
il sisma
IN ELEVAZIO
NE
IN
SOMMITA'
integrazione deidiaframmi di
testa
coronamento
principale
completamento
INCATENAME
NTI
blocco NO blocco SE
CONNESSIONI
DISTRIBUITE
INTEGRAZIONI
DELLA
CAPACITA'
MECCANICA
disposizioniindicative in
facciata deiprincipali
rinforzi in rete
disposizione
in pianta
disposizione
in facciata
piano
terra
primo e
secondo
piano
indicazioni per le iniziezioni di
miscele leganti
e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo
disposizioni
di reti di
rinforzo
1
2
3
4
ELEMENTI
SPECIALI
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Bra
ccio
SEBra
ccio
NO
Blo
cco
VA
1y
x
Historic basis
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Bra
ccio
SE
Braccio NO
Blo
cco
VA
2 y
x
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SE
NO
VA
3y
x
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Damage Blocco NO
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4
y
xBlocco NO
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b a
49
Structural subdivision: regularitazion
5
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a b
GroundFloor
1st Floor
2nd Floor
50
6
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7
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Blo
cco
NO
Blo
cco
VA
Blo
cco
SE
GeometricSubdivision
52
8
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IPE 300 IPE 600
Main TopFrames
53
9
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IPE 300 IPE 600
SecondaryTop Frames
(wood beams)
54
10
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To guarantee structural
integrity
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56
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BASI DEL
PROGETTO
CONFIGURAZIONE
TOPOLOGICA
ANALISI
STORICA
REGOLARITA'
STRUTTURALE
DISPOSIZIONI
PER
GARANTIRE
L'INTEGRITA'
STRUTTURALE
IN PIANTA
presenza di
Via Forcella
comportamento esplicato
durante
il sisma
IN ELEVAZIO
NE
IN
SOMMITA'
integrazione deidiaframmi di
testa
coronamento
principale
completamento
INCATENAME
NTI
blocco NO blocco SE
CONNESSIONI
DISTRIBUITE
INTEGRAZIONI
DELLA
CAPACITA'
MECCANICA
disposizioniindicative in
facciata deiprincipali
rinforzi in rete
disposizione
in pianta
disposizione
in facciata
piano
terra
primo e
secondo
piano
indicazioni per le iniziezioni di
miscele leganti
e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo
disposizioni
di reti di
rinforzo
1
2
3
4
ELEMENTI
SPECIALI
Steel tiesWall – floor slab
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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB
Wall – floor slab connections
58
Smeared
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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB59
North side tie system
Lumped
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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB
Incatenamenti: piano secondo
CATENALONGITUDINALE
TRAVE ACCIAIOSOMMITA’
CORRENTE INFERIORE
CAPRIATA IN LEGNO
CATENATRASVERSALE
PIASTRE DI DIFFUSIONE
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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB61
South side tie system
Lumped
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How to enhance the
characteristics of the various parts
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BASI DEL
PROGETTO
CONFIGURAZIONE
TOPOLOGICA
ANALISI
STORICA
REGOLARITA'
STRUTTURALE
DISPOSIZIONI
PER
GARANTIRE
L'INTEGRITA'
STRUTTURALE
IN PIANTA
presenza di
Via Forcella
comportamento esplicato
durante
il sisma
IN ELEVAZIO
NE
IN
SOMMITA'
integrazione deidiaframmi di
testa
coronamento
principale
completamento
INCATENAME
NTI
blocco NO blocco SE
CONNESSIONI
DISTRIBUITE
INTEGRAZIONI
DELLA
CAPACITA'
MECCANICA
disposizioniindicative in
facciata deiprincipali
rinforzi in rete
disposizione
in pianta
disposizione
in facciata
piano
terra
primo e
secondo
piano
indicazioni per le iniziezioni di
miscele leganti
e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo
disposizioni
di reti di
rinforzo
1
2
3
4
ELEMENTI
SPECIALI
Masonry enhancements
64
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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB65
Ground floor
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Palazzo Camponeschi - FB66
First and second floor
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Gray regions:Masonry failure
Extended and conncected
masonryregions where
failurehappens
67
Before
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Masonry withStrengtening injections
Masonry reinforcedWith transversal
connections
68
After
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BASI DEL
PROGETTO
CONFIGURAZIONE
TOPOLOGICA
ANALISI
STORICA
REGOLARITA'
STRUTTURALE
DISPOSIZIONI
PER
GARANTIRE
L'INTEGRITA'
STRUTTURALE
IN PIANTA
presenza di
Via Forcella
comportamento esplicato
durante
il sisma
IN ELEVAZIO
NE
IN
SOMMITA'
integrazione deidiaframmi di
testa
coronamento
principale
completamento
INCATENAME
NTI
blocco NO blocco SE
CONNESSIONI
DISTRIBUITE
INTEGRAZIONI
DELLA
CAPACITA'
MECCANICA
disposizioniindicative in
facciata deiprincipali
rinforzi in rete
disposizione
in pianta
disposizione
in facciata
piano
terra
primo e
secondo
piano
indicazioni per le iniziezioni di
miscele leganti
e disposizioni di reti di rinforzo
disposizioni
di reti di
rinforzo
1
2
3
4
ELEMENTI
SPECIALI
Smeared reinforcing mats
69
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Facade smeared reinforcing mat
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L’efficacia della rete di rinforzo, specie nella parte in alto dell’edificio,
e’ mostrata da uno stato tensionale di trazionesignificativo con valori intorno a 10 -30 MPa.
analisi non lineare
71
Behavior along y direction
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72
Safety check synthesis
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Spinta Y-
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
d(m)
V(kN)
nodo 614
nodo 614 no fibre basalto
nodo 614 no incatenamenti
nodo 614 aperture muri
nodo 614 aperture muri noconnessioni solai
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How to make it!
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Fasciature
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Construction Steps (1-4)
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Construction Steps (5-8)
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Construction Steps (9-12)
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Fitting material Villa Silin, Leptis Magna, LYBIA
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Basis of the design
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94
• The pavement support must hold the mosaic of Villa Silin at Leptis Magna, Libya. It is necessary to permit limited but free access to people over the mosaic. Specific attention to transitory phase.
• Loadings:1. Live Load: 2.5 kN/m2;2. Ultimate Load: not pertinent.
Performance based design (1)
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Performance based design (2)
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Subdivision of the pavement support
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Subdivision of the pavement support
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Villa Silin Mosaic 98
5 cm2.5 + 2.5 cm
5 cm
Layout of the pavement support
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Villa Silin Mosaic 99
5 cm
Transitory phase
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101
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103
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Material law: matrix
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Material law: fiber
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2 x (2.5 kN Load Patchover 0.25m x 0.25m)
Vertical displacement (z)
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Making recipes
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Sustainability and material choice
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n. NHL 5 chopped fibers
(6%W)
Basalt
geogrid
(H=2,5cm)
Minibars
A1 X NO NO NO
A2 X X (1/4”) X NO
A3 X X (1/2” + ¼”) X NO
A4 X X NO X
Exerimental design
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Mixture 2 before the addition of the fibers
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Mixture 2 after the addition of the fibers
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Casting of plate n. A3
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Experimental setup
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Experimental setup
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The solution
• At the end of the various tests and analyses the chosen solution for the panels is based on the use of a mixture made with:
• Natural hydraulic lime St.Astier NHL 5 – 600 kg/m3;
• Local sand (ratio NHL-sand = 1:2) – 1200 kg/m3;
• Water – 540 kg/m3;
• Basalt minibars – 80 kg/m3;
• Basalt chopped fibers – 60 kg/m3;
• The thickness of the panels will be 5 cm.
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Prove it!
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Seconda prova sulla piastra con mix #3
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Seconda prova sulla piastra con mix #3
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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2
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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2
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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2
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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2
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Spezzone di piastra con mix #4: prova «di impatto» n.2
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Few words as conclusion
•Sensibility
•Insight
•Attention
•Structural feeling
•Material knowledge
•Care
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http://www.icr.beniculturali.it/pagina.cfm?usz=1132
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