Response to an Animal Disease Emergency

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Steps in a Response

• Detection• Investigation/Diagnosis• Quarantine/Stop Movements• Surveillance• Depopulation• Disposal• Cleaning and Disinfection• Indemnity/Recovery

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Detection •Unusual sign noted by:–Producer, animal handler or processor, local vet

•Diagnostic laboratory•Processing plant

Initial Response

•Local DVM contacts State Veterinarian or AVIC

•FADD sent to investigate (within 24 hours)

•Samples submitted to Federal Lab

Risk and Response Assessment

•Response action levels determined based on disease suspected or diagnosed

•Activation of State Response Plan and/or National Response Framework

Response Actions

•Quarantine; Stop Movements•Surveillance•Depopulation and Disposal•Vaccination (?)•Cleaning and Disinfection

Recovery •Indemnity•Business Continuity

Local

State

State or Federal

Local

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Animal Disease Emergency Indicators

• Increased illness, death, or abortion rates• Significant drop in production• Ulcers or blisters around the animal’s

mouth or feet• Sudden lameness • Any nervous system signs• Pox or lumpy skin conditions• Severe respiratory conditions• Any unusual or unexplained illness

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

FADD Investigation

• Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician– Specially trained veterinarian

• Over 500 FADD investigations in U.S. each year• In Iowa, 25-50 each year

– Visits premise within 24 hours– Inspects animals and makes field diagnosis– Consults with State Veterinarian and AVIC on

case priority and necessary actions• Sample collection• Sample handling (priority level)• Control measures: movement restrictions, quarantine

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Case Priorities

Unlikely •History and clinical signs do NOT indicate FAD

Possible •History or clinical signs not consistent

•Movement hold placed on animals by the State

Highly Likely

•Epidemiology and clinical signs fit FAD

•Quarantine initiated by the State

•Contacts traced from farm to other farms

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Animal Health Laboratory Submissions

• Routine (daily) testing– ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory– Other Private Laboratory Facilities– National Veterinary Laboratory Network

• When a foreign animal disease is suspected– Foreign Animal Disease Laboratory,

Plum Island, NY (cloven hoofed)– National Veterinary Services

Laboratory – Ames (poultry, equine, fish)

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Response Actionsbased on laboratory diagnosis

initial testing results in 12-24 hoursPresumptive Positive

•Initiate national and international communications plan

•Depopulate infected herd

•Activate local, State and USDA APHIS EOCs

•Initiate Governor’s declaration of emergency

•Consider U.S. Secretary’s emergency declaration

•Consider national movement hold on animals/animal products

•Mobilize State, Federal response resources

Confirmed Positive

•Request Presidential declaration or NRP resources

•Make international notification

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Response

• Preparedness plan in action– Expedient, safe, effective

• Level of response depends on:– Particular disease– Ability of disease to spread– Degree of spread– Resources available

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Single Premises Response

• One location• FADD investigates• Diagnosis• Quarantine premises• Most coordination at

State level• Treat or depopulate• Federal authorities manage

international issues

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Multiple Premises, Confined Area Response

• Everything for single premise• Increased quarantine Area• REGIONAL Involvement

– State, federal and industry agricultural authorities handle situation with or without State Declared Emergency

• USDA Secretary of Agriculture may issue Declaration of Emergency

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Multiple Premises, Multi-State Response

• Previous response actions plus• National movement controls• State Level Emergency declared• U.S. Secretary of Agriculture

requests assistance from DHS• National Response Plan and

ESF 11 activated• APHIS is the lead agency

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Euthansia

• Humane method• Determined by State or Federal

Veterinarian• May include

– Cervical dislocation– Carbon dioxide– Captive bolt– Anesthetic overdose

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Disposal Options

• Burial on-site • Composting• Incineration• Rendering• Alkaline hydrolysis• Landfill

– Biosecurity concerns• Disease characteristics• Quarantine zones

• Open burning (not allowed in Iowa)

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Disposal Options

• Disposal restricted by – Disease characteristics

• Ease of transmission• Method of transmission• Zoonotic potential

– Quarantine zones– Other restrictions per the State

Veterinarian

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps

• www.iowadnr.gov– Site considerations of burial locations

• Environmental: Water tables• Proximity to habitation• Disease transmission

• GIS Mapping - Interactive– Mapping (GIS interactive)– 3 tiered approach

• Red – restricted zones• Multiple colors – cautionary zones• Green – No known restrictions

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Recovery

• Restore confidence• Requires time, money, effort

– Cleaning and disinfection– Indemnity for livestock owners– Restocking

• Business continuity

Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH

Acknowledgments

Development of this presentationwas funded by a grant from the

Iowa Homeland Securityand Emergency Management and

the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to the

Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University.

Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD