SMART EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMAnkitha Pille (Grad no. 5)

SMART BUILDING?

• Comprises of different processes controlling a specific operation in a building.• Security cameras, fire alarms, doors, ventilation etc.

Smart Emergency Evacuation System

• Monitor the state of the building.

• Identify possible hazards.

• Communicate with the personnel inside the building

• Analyze the situation, and design a safe evacuation path

Active Disaster Response System for a Smart Building

Step 1: The Central Weather Bureau (CWB) publishes warning messages.

Step 2: According to the situation, the control devices will automatically perform emergency tasks, such as opening doors, cutting off power and gas, and so on

Step 3 and 4: ADRS constructs a temporary network.

Step 5 and 6: After the network connections to the outside world are recovered, System sends messages to relief workers nearby or on social networks so that rescue actions can be implemented

Safe and Sound Intelligent EvacuationBuilding as a Service (BaaS)

● Immediately alert inhabitants of enterprise buildings in case of an emergency.

● Detects emergency alarms from the sensors placed in the building and provides evacuation alerts to individuals based on their location.

● Informs them where to go through

digital signs and voice broadcast services.

● Provides emergency help services

with information on the total number of people inside and their location as well as signals in case anyone is not going to the correct evacuation exit.

Smart Emergency Response using SmartPhones

Step 1: Victim Assessment:

● State of victim?● To prepare appropriate equipment● To classify fatal casualties

Step 2: Victim Localization:

● Where exactly are the victims?

Step 3: Evaluate safe evacuation path for the Victims:

● Best path for evacuation?

Victim Assessment

Passive Victim Assessment

Based on the acceleration and Orientation of the mobile phone one of the six features below is identified as the status of the victim

● Lay/Sit● Stand● Walk● Run● Stair Up● Stair Down● Roll● Faint

Based on

● Basic Service Set Identification(BSSID)

which gives MAC address of the wireless interface, which allows to identify it uniquely.

● Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)

which gives us the average distance of the device from the scanning point We can estimate the location of the victim

Victim Localization

● Most critical part of the Evacuation system.

● Simulation of floor map as graph and evaluating shortest paths from victims’ instantaneous location to the nearest exit.

● After a disaster situation, the building structure may change drastically and may continue to change making it unpredictable for simulation.

● Dynamic changes call for a dynamic algorithm

Evaluate safe evacuation path for the Victims

● A major challenge for evacuation is congestion within the building

○ Victims tend to escape through most familiar exit/Main exit even though they may have multiple exits

○ Reduces speed of evacuation

● Evacuation highly depends on the victim's behaviour during the process

● Ongoing researches try to predict a victim's behavior and then provide an optimized route

CONCLUSION

With the apparent increase in various disruption caused by

● Aging Civil Infrastructure● Natural and Manmade

disaster

There is need of smart emergency response system that uses existing technologies.

REFERENCES

• Zhixiang Fang, Xinlu Zong, Qingquan Li, QiuPing Li, Shengwu Xiong. Hierarchical multi-objective evacuation routing in stadium using ant colony optimization approach, Journal of Transport Geography, 20111.19(3):443-451.

• G. Shang, J. Xinzi, T. Kezong, “Hybrid Algorithm Combining Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm with Genetic Algorithm”, Proc. Of Chinese Control Conference, 2007, pp. 701-704.

• Blum C, Dorigo M. The hyper-cube framework for ant colony optimization [C], IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2004.

• Hyungchul Yoon, Reza Shiftehfar, Soojin Cho, Billie F. Spencer Jr. , Mark E. Nelson and Gul Agha, “Victim Localization and Assessment System for Emergency Responders”

• Chun-Yen Lin, Edward T.-H Chu, Lun-Wei Ku and Jane W. S. Liu, “Active Disaster Response System for a Smart Building”, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan