Responding to Stress

7/31/2019 Responding to Stress

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Respondingto Stress


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Quiz

1. What are the three different theories of stressresponse?

2. What are the three stages of the General

Adaptation Syndrome?

3. What are two coping strategies mentioned in

the book?


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Survey

1. Take two minutes to survey this part

of the chapter (Responding toStress)

2. What is it about?3. What do you already know about

the topic?


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Reminder!

Dont forget to take (Cornell) notes!


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Theories of Stress Responses

1. Selyes general adaptation syndrome

2. Lazaruss cognitive theory

3. Coping strategies


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GeneralAdaptation Syndrome

Introduced by Hans Selye, father of

stress research G.A.S. predictable sequence of

reactions (alarm, resistance,

exhaustion stages) in response to

stressors


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General Adaptation Syndrome

Stressor

...a demand placed on the body that requires

adjustment and brings about the stress reaction.

G. A. S.3Stages:

1. Alarm

2. Resistance

3. Exhaustion

Healthy Adaptation or Illness


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Stage 1: Alarm Stage

Fight or Flight reaction: body

mobilizes resources to combat threat

by

activating the parasympathetic nervous

system, which releases hormones

(Glucocorticoids) to supply body with

instant energy


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Stage 2: Resistance Stage

Adrenal cortex continues to supply

body with hormones (Glucocorticoids)

to resist stressors or adapt to stressors


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Stage 3: Exhaustion Stage

Body fails to resist or adapt to stressors

Depletion of all energy resources

Results in diseases, disorders anddeath


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Harmful Effects of Stress

extended release of glucocorticoids leads to

Permanent increase in blood pressure

Suppression of immune system

Weakening of muscles

Damage of the hippocampus

CHRONIC DISEASES


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Lazaruss Cognitive Therapy

G. A. S.

Healthy Adaptation or Illness

Appraisal

Lazarus proposed that apersons perception

determines whether stress

occurs.

Selye assumed

that stress is

caused by the

stressor itself.

Stressor


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Lazarus and Folkmans TheoryStressor

Primary Appraisal: Is stressor negative?

Appraised as stressful could involve:

1. Harm or loss - has already occurred2. Threat potential harm or loss3. Challenge opportunity to grow

Secondary Appraisal: Can I control the situation?

YesNo (positive,irrelevant)

No Stress

If

Yes:

1. Evaluation of Resources:

Physical (health, energy, stamina) Social (support, network)

Psychological (skills, morale, self-esteem)

Material (money, tools, equipment)

Time

2. Considering Options in dealing with stressor


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: arousal, fluctuation inhormone secretion.

: anxiety, fear, grief,

resentment, excitement (if stress is from challenge). : Coping strategies problem

focused and emotion-focused.

The level of stress we experience depends mainly on

the adequacy of our resources for coping AND howmuch they will be drained by the stressful situation.

The Stress Response


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Coping Strategies

Copingpersons efforts through action

and/or thought to deal with perceived

stressors

1. Problem-focused coping

2. Emotion-focused coping


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Problem-Focused Coping

Direct

Consists of reducing, modifying, or eliminating the

SOURCE of stress


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Emotion-Focused Coping

Reappraisal of the stressor to reduce emotionalimpact

Ignoring the stressor (effective)

Humor

Meditation

Yoga


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Example of Combination

A college student faces multiple final examinations.

She knows she must get top grades in order to

have a chance at acceptance to graduate school

and is very stressed out by the situation. She could

organize a study group or get right to work on

studying systematically (problem-focused coping).Or she could decide that she needs to relax and

give herself a short break in which to decompress

(emotion-focused coping) before she can come up

with a study plan (problem-focused coping).


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Proactive Coping

Efforts or actions one takes before a potentiallystressful situation to prevent its occurrence or to

lessen its consequences

Responding to Stress

Documents

Transcript of Responding to Stress