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National Diploma in Sport

Respiratory Test

1. Label the diagram of the respiratory system2. What does VO2 Max mean and what unit is it measured in? VO2 max is the maximum capacity of an

individual's body to transport and use oxygen during exercise.

VO2 max is expressed either as an absolute rate in litres of oxygen per minute (l/min) or as a relative

rate in millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of bodyweight per minute (ml/kg/min).

3. Can you give me an example of VO2 max for a normal person and a highly trained athlete?A normal vo2 rate of the average person would be 40, and 80 would be that of an extreme athlete.

4. Explain Pulmonary Ventilation? The breathing of air in and out of the lungs, so breathing in itssimplest form.

5. Explain External Respiration? External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxidewithin the blood.

6. Explain internal respiration? Internal respiration is the exchange between the blood and muscletissue.

7. Why does the left lung only have two lobes and the right three? The left lung only has two lobes tomake room for the heart.

8. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries why is this? The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries whichreduces the gaseous exchange distance.

9. Can you describe the 5 factors that happen during inspiration (explaining whether they are active orpassive)?

1. The diaphragm contracts and intercostal muscles contract these are both active procedures that

increase the volume of the thoracic cavity.

2. Diaphragm flattens and decreases in pressure as ribs and sternum move upwards, and outwards

helped by the sternocleidomastoid and the scalene muscles.

3. Thoracic cavity volume increases.4. Lung pressure decreases to a point at which is lower than atmospheric pressure.

5. Air rushes into the lungs.

10. Can you describe the five factors that happen during expiration (explaining whether they are activeor passive)?

1. Both the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax; this is a passive procedure/movement.

2. The diaphragm pushes upwards, and the ribs and sternum move in and down.

3. Thoracic cavity volume decreases.

4. Lung air pressure increases above atmospheric pressure.

5. Air rushes out of the lungs.

11. What is Tidal Volume?Tidal Volume is the volume of air inspired or expired per breath approximately 500ml when at rest.

12. What is inspiratory reserve volume?When you take a normal resting breath in you are able to inspire further this is your inspiratory

reserve volume.

13. What is expiratory reserve volume?When you breathe out normally you are able to breath out further this is your expiratory reserve

volume.

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14. What is residual volume and why is it needed?Even when you try and breathe out as much as possible there is always some air left in your lungs this

is your residual volume usually about 1200ml.

15. What is inspiratory capacity?Inspiratory capacity is when you exhale normally and then inhale maximally. This is a total of your

tidal volume and your inspiratory reserve volume. This is normally about 3500ml

16. What is vital capacity?Vital Capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximal inhalation. Usually

about 4600ml. This total is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume , Tidal Volume and expiratory

reserve volumes

17. What is total lung capacity?Total Lung Capacity is one maximal breath in. It represents (RV, ERV, TV and IRV) the figure for TLC is

usually around 5800ml

18. What is minute ventilation?Minute Ventilation is the volume of oxygen breathed in and out in one minute.

19. What happens to minute ventilation during exercise, explain why this happens?Minute ventilation will increase when you do exercise because you need to breathe in more during

exercise therefore meaning that you will breathe out more.