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Respiratory System
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Purpose of the Respiratory System
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood of the
human body.
Oxygen is needed for the process of cellular respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System2
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Nasal Cavity
Filters out dust and other large particles in the air. Hair like structures called
cilia, line this passageway & sweep the particles into the throat so they won’t get into
the lungs. It also has mucous membranes to
warm and moisten the air.
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Phaynx & Larynx
PHARYNXA location in the body that allows air and food pass through. This part of the body is shared with the
respiratory and digestive system.
LARYNX1. It prevents food particles from traveling down into the
lungs. A flap of tissue called epiglottis, covers
the opening to this structure.
2. Contains vocal cords and helps produce vocalization.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAMlTxOrrj0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BR6BlwC_n0
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Trachea
A single long tube with cartilage rings. It is also known as the wind pipe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiTHKH2bQN8#t=159
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iflca2KQWP4
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Bronchi & Bronchioles
BRONCHITwo small tubes that branch off from the trachea. They are
airways that transport gas in and out of the
lungs.
BRONCHIOLESThe smallest and narrowest airways of the respiratory
system. At the end there is a bundle of air sacs.
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Alveoli
Thin air sacs that are the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange. The sacs are
bundled together like grapes. Blood capillaries surround it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E
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Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the chest cavity from the
abdominal cavity. Contractions of the muscle
expands the cavity. Relaxation of the muscle reduces the size of the
cavity.
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Alveoli
Through the process of diffusion gas moves from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration.
The heart pumps blood to the lungs.
O2 diffuses into the blood capillary
CO2 diffuses out of the blood capillary
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How does the body know when to inhale and exhale?
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The Diaphragm5
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Emphysema
CAUSES SYMPTOMS
•Long term exposure to airborne irritants (ex. smoking, air pollution)
•Coughing•Shortness of breath•Difficulty exhaling•Alveoli sacs ruptured
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Asthma
CAUSES SYMPTOMS Interaction of genetic and environmental
factors. Inherited tendency to develop allergies to
airborne irritants.
Coughing Wheezing Shortness of breath Chest pain Constriction of bronchiole muscle tissue Inflammation of bronchiole muscle
tissue
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Lung Cancer
CAUSES SYMPTOMS Primary Cause 1st hand smoking 2nd hand smoke Long term exposure to airborne irritants
(high air pollution) Family history of disease
Coughing Wheezing Weight loss Fatigue Tumor growth in lung tissue (can spread
to other parts of the respiratory system & beyond)
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Bronchitis
CAUSES SYMPTOMS
Acute condition virus or bacteria
Chronic condition 1st and 2nd hand smoking
A cough that brings up mucus
Wheezing Shortness of
breath Chest Pain Low fever Inflammation of
bronchiole muscle tissue
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Pneumonia
CAUSES SYMPTOMS
Bacteria
Viruses
Cough with mucus
Shortness of breath
Chest pain Shaking chills High fever Fluid or pus fills
up alveoli
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Tuberculosis
CAUSES SYMPTOMS Bacteria Cough with mucus
Cough with blood Fatigue Fever Weight loss Wheezing Bacteria multiply in the alveoli and rupture the alveoli membrane
spreads to other airways and parts of the lung
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