Respiratory System Lecture 3
description
Transcript of Respiratory System Lecture 3
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Thoracic Muscles
External Intercost
als
Internal Intercost
als
Accessory Muscles
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Transversus
ThoracisScalenus
Serratus (3)
Levatores
Costarum
Diaphragm
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus Abdomin
us
Obliques (2)
Transversus
Abdominus
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Abdominal Muscles
Rectus Abdominus
Obliques
TransversusAbdominus
Internal
External
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• Rectus abdominus•Compartmentalized into 4-5 segments•Connects to ribs 5-7, Xiphoid process•Contract: depresses lower ribs and sternum
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5295/
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• External and Internal Obliques:• (External) Largest, strongest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: depresses lower ribs, pulls in front/side of abdomen
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5299/
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5301/
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• Transversus abdominus•Deepest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: pulls in front/side of abdomen
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5306/
![Page 7: Respiratory System Lecture 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813bd0550346895da4f8da/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Thoracic Muscles
External Intercost
als
Internal Intercost
als
Accessory Muscles
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Transversus
ThoracisScalenus
Serratus (3)
Levatores
Costarum
Diaphragm
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus Abdomin
us
Obliques (2)
Transversus
Abdominus
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• Breathing Basics
• Bigger Breaths
• Breathing for Speech
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• Gas Exchange• Oxygen (O2): Arteries
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Veins
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 12.
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Boyle’s Law:
PV = constant
•P = pressure•V = volume
Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
http://sciencesquad.questacon.edu.au/activities/model_lung.html
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Expiration
Abdominal
Muscles
Internal Intercost
als
Inspiration
Diaphragm
External Intercost
als
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Abdominal
Muscles
Diaphragm
External Intercost
als
InspirationInspiration
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• Major muscle of inspiration• Sheet of muscle and tendon
between the lungs and abdomen• Dome-shaped• Muscle: 3 attachments• Sternal origin: Xiphoid process• Costal origin: costal cartilages 7-
12• Vertebral origin: upper lumbar
vertebrae (crura)•Right crus: L1-L3 or L4• Left crus: L1-L2
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 20.
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• When the diaphragm contracts, it moves down and flattens• Pushes abdominal cavity down•Raises the ribcage
• This increases the space in the thoracic cavity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 21.
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• External intercostals•Between ribs (11)•Origin: vertebrae•Course down and lateral• Insertion: costal cartilages•Contract: ribs move up and out
•This increases the space in the thoracic cavity
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5283/
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Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
• Diaphragm pushes abdominal cavity down
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Expiration
Abdominal
Muscles
Internal Intercost
als
Inspiration
Diaphragm
External Intercost
als
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Diaphragm
Abdominal
Muscles
Internal Intercost
als
Expiration
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Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5287/
• Internal intercostals•Between ribs (11)•Origin: sternum•Course down and lateral
(opposite external intercostals)
• Insertion: rib angle• Contract: ribs move down and in
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• Rectus abdominus•Compartmentalized into 4-5 segments•Connects to ribs 5-7, Xiphoid process•Contract: depresses lower ribs and sternum
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5295/
![Page 22: Respiratory System Lecture 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813bd0550346895da4f8da/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• External and Internal Obliques:• (External) Largest, strongest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: depresses lower ribs, pulls in front/side of abdomen
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5299/
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5301/
![Page 23: Respiratory System Lecture 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813bd0550346895da4f8da/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Transversus abdominus•Deepest abdominal muscles•Connects to lower ribs•Contract: pulls in front/side of abdomen
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5306/
![Page 24: Respiratory System Lecture 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813bd0550346895da4f8da/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Major muscle of inspiration
• Diaphragm relaxes and returns to original dome shape
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 20.
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Expiration
Abdominal
Muscles
Internal Intercost
als
Inspiration
Diaphragm
External Intercost
als
![Page 26: Respiratory System Lecture 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813bd0550346895da4f8da/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production. Pg. 71.
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• Lined with moist epithelium• Surface tension• Recoil tendency• Source of lung elasticity
• Surfactant• Type II alveolar cells• Decreases surface tension to achieve balance
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 12.