Respiration and Excretion

Human Body Systems

Essential Questions

How do humans carry out the life process, respiration?

How do humans carry out the life process, excretion?

What happens to metabolic wastes produced by cells?

Parts of the Respiratory System

1. Nose: Air comes in through the

The surface inside the nose is lined with

The cilia help to small particles entering the nostrils

nostrils

Mucus, hairs and cilia

filter

Parts of the Respiratory System!

2.Nasal Passage: Found above the nostrils also lined with

The and mucus help to do 2 things to the inhaled air

mucus

cilia

Warms and moistens

3. Pharynx- also called your

4. also called your voice box contains vocal cords which are stretched which vibrate when air passes by.

Throat- when air and food crosses

Larynx

5. Trachea- also called your the top of your trachea is covered by the

supported by lined with at the top it splits into 2

Wind Pipe

epiglottis

cartilage

mucus

bronchi

TRACHEA CLIP

6. Bronchi- 2 large tubs that lead into

they branch like a tree into

7. Bronchioles- Very small tubes found in the lungs

there are of them!

The lungs

bronchioles

hundreds

8. Alveoli- called the There are of them

Surrounded by a membrane

This is where of the oxygen in the blood occurs

Also, of the wastes, Carbon dioxide out of the blood occurs.

Air sacs

millions

Thin, moist

intake

The removal

Breathing Caused by changing pressure in the chest

cavity Rate is affected by the amount of CO2 in the

blood Affects the medulla of the brain It’s a feedback mechanism Breathing into a paper bag

How is does the pressure change in the chest cavity? The diaphragm:

A shelf of muscle extending between the thorax and abdomen of mammals

In other words it is a muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity the expands and contracts.

When the diaphragm expands, in enlarges the chest cavity creating a low pressure inside the lungs which causes air to rush into the lungs

When the diaphragm contracts, in makes the chest cavity smaller, increasing the pressure, pushing air out of the lungs.

What happens to the oxygen? Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in a cell

called oxyhemoglobin Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma of the

blood in the form of a bicarbonate ion.

Malfunctions

Bronchitis: Inflammation of the membrane of bronchial

tubes caused by infection

Malfunctions Asthma

Allergic response characterized by constriction of bronchial tubes

Malfunctions Emphysema:

Change in the structure pf the lung characterized by enlargement or degeneration of the alveoliLoss of elasticity and lung capacityCaused by highly polluted air or

cigarette smoke

Normal lungs Emphysema

Malfunctions

Pneumonia: The alveoli fill with

Lung Cancer:

Fluid, which prevents gas exchange

Disease in which tumors form

Excretory System

Organ Function Problems/ Facts

LUNGS

SKIN

LIVER

KIDNEYS- filter blood & produce

urine

URETERS

BLADDER

URETHRA

Carries urine to the bladder

Carries urine out of the body

Collapsible sac that temporarily stores urine

Excretes waste products and regulates salt and water

Glands secrete sweat, which contains a small amount of urea

Removes metabolic waste, removes carbon dioxide

Converts ammonia to urea, removes harmful substance from blood

if bile isn’t eliminated- jaundiceDetoxication of blood

Temperature regulation

Kidney stones & symptoms of diabetes

End products of aerobic respiration

4 Things Excretedby your body

•Carbon Dioxide•Sweat•Urine•Water/ salt

3 ways your urinary system maintains Homeostasis

Excrete metabolic wasteBalance water and saltFilters blood

renal artery

Renal vein

Adrenal gland

kidney

ureter

bladder

urethra

cortex

medulla

pelvis

ureter

How many?

Where? How big? What do they do?

What type of waste is made?

What gland is found on

them?

KIDNEYS

2Tucked up under ribcage on either side of spinal cord

About the size of a clenched fist

Adrenal

- release hormones associated with stress

Urine

Produced from urea, water and other wastes

Filter blood and produce urine

** Filter out the BAD- REABSORB the GOOD!

Some good things to keep

in the urine

Some bad things in the urine to get rid of

•Nutrients•Salts•Amino acids•Blood proteins•Glucose

•Ammonia•Urea•Glucose