Respiration

Is the oxidation of food substances with the release of energy in living cells

is

Questions

•Why do living things respire?

•How many types of respirations are there?

•What are the reactants being used during respirations?

•What are the products being released during respirations?

Why do living things respire?

Respiration

Energy

produces

for

Protein synthesis

Growth

Cell division

Muscular contractions

Active transport in cells

Transmissions of nerve impulses

How many types of respirations are there?

Respirations

Aerobic Anaerobic

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respirations?

consist of

Aerobic respiration

• The oxidation of food substances in the presence of oxygen with the release of a large amount of energy.

• And carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products

is

Overall equation of aerobic respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + large amount of energy

glucose oxygen carbon water

dioxide

is

Activity time!

Activity time!

1. Stand up

2. Do high knee lift for 3mins on the spot

3. Notice the differences in breathing in this 3mins

4. Also notice how you feel after the 3mins

Questions

• What happens to your breathing rate after some time?

• How do you feel after the exercise?

• Why do you feel this way after the exercise?

Anaerobic respiration

can occur in

Muscle cells Yeast

http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Images/12-03_buddingyeast_1.jpg

http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f03/f03_labs/Lab5/s59100x.jpg

Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

Oxygen debt

occurs due to

occurs due to

Insufficient oxygen in the muscle cells to meet the demands of vigorous muscular contractions

Oxygen debt

Extra small amount of

energy

Vigorous muscular contractions

leads to

leads to

Anaerobic respirationproduces

Lactic acidleads to

Fatigue Muscular pains

Lactic acidis removed in

Liver (during periods of rest)

converts

Lactic acid Glucose (in presence of oxygen)

•Lactic acid is oxidized to produce energy

•This energy converts remaining lactic acid to glucose

•When lactic acid is used up, oxygen debt is repaid

Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

• The breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen with the release of a small amount of energy.

• And lactic acid is produced in the process.

is

Overall equation of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + small amount of energy

glucose lactic acid

is

Anaerobic respiration

can occur in

Muscle cells Yeast

http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Images/12-03_buddingyeast_1.jpg

http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f03/f03_labs/Lab5/s59100x.jpg

Anaerobic respiration in yeast

is also known as

Alcoholic fermentation

• The partial breakdown of glucose.

• Ethanol is produced in the process.

is

Overall equation of anaerobic respiration in yeast

glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide + small amount of energy

is

Normal lung

http://www.your-doctor.net/images/chest/smoking/normal_lung.jpg

Emphysema Lung cancer

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/emphysema.html#picturesdiagrams

Effects of smoking

Tobacco smokecontains

Nicotine Carbon monoxide

Heartbeat and blood pressure

risk of

Atherosclerosis and blood clotting in arteries

causes

Death if [CO] by 1%

harms human by

• Combining with haemoglobin ( O2 transport efficiency of RBC)

• fatty deposits on inner arterial wall

• Damages lining of blood vessels

harms human by

• Being an additive drug

• Causing release of adrenaline

• Making blood clot easily

which leads to inwhich

Tobacco smokecontains

Irritants Tar

which causes

• Blockage of air sacs

• gas exchange efficiency

• removal of dust particles trapped in mucus

which risk of

• Chronic bronchitis

• Emphysema

harms human by• Being carcinogenic

• Paralysing cilia lining air passages

harms human by

Paralysing cilia lining air passages

Smoking

Chronic bronchitis

increases risk of

Emphysema Lung cancer

is due to

• Inflamed epithelium lining the airways

• Excessive mucus secreted by epithelium

• Paralysed cilia

• Blocked airways

leads to

Persistent coughing and risk of lung infection

is due to

• Breaking of partition walls between the air sacs

• surface area for gaseous exchange

• Lungs inflated with air

• Lungs losing elasticity

leads to

Breathing difficulty

is

An uncontrolled division of cells producing outgrowths in the lungs