Respiration 1.3

8/13/2019 Respiration 1.3

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RESPIRATION
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Page 2

1.3

Realising the importance of a

healthy respiratory

system.
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Page 3

1.3.1

List of substances which are

harmful to the respiratory

system,


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What is the harmful substances toour respiratory system? TetrachloroethaneDichloroethane TrichloropropaneDichloropropaneButanoneAcroleinAluminum


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Ammonia Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Bis(chloromethyl) Ether Cadmium Carbon Monoxide Chlorine


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Chlorine Dioxide & ChloriteChromiumCobaltCresolsDichloropropenes Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and

Fluorine


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Formaldehyde Asbestos Fuel Oils / Kerosene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD) Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Hydraulic Fluids Hydrazines Hydrogen Sulfide Ionizing Radiation Jet Fuels JP-5 and JP-8


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Malathion Manganese n-Nitrosodiphenylamine Naphthalene, 1-Methylnapthalene, 2-

Methylnapthalen Nickel Plutonium Propylene Glycol Radon Sulfur Dioxide


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1.3.2Explain the effects ofpollutants on the respiratorysystem


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Chemical Pollution

Chemical pollutants from manufacturing companiessuch as smog, exhaust from diesel fueled vehicles,inhaled gases such as huffing, high red zone days thatare high temperatures, high humidity, and increasepollen counts are effect the healthy of respiratorysystem


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Air pollution

Nicotine and tar (from the smoke of cigarettes), sulphur

dioxide (from factories), and carbon monoxide (from the

smoke of vehicles) and haze, are effect the healthy of

respiratory system


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1.3.3

Effects of harmful substances

such as toxinand carcinogen onthe respiratory system.


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1.3.3.1

Toxin


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A poisonous substance, especially a protein, thatis produced by living cells or organisms and iscapable of causing disease when introduced intothe body tissues but is often also capable ofinducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins.


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The most common effect of chemical substances

(toxic) on the respiratory tract is irritation.

Toxicity can result from the irritant and/or corrosive

properties of a chemical, with effects ranging from

minor irritations that are relatively reversible to

extensive damage resulting in permanent disability or

death.

It can occur in any of the three anatomical divisions

of the lung.


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Examples of irritant gases include chlorine, sulfurdioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia.

The extent of damage depends on the nature of the

chemical, as well as the duration and concentration

of the exposure.


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1.3.3.2

Carcinogen


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A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily,

mutagens or teratogens.

Carcinogens may cause cancer by altering cellular

metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which

interferes with normal biological processes.

A flatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus

Aspergillums flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and

peanut butter, is an example of a potent, naturally-

occurring microbial carcinogen.


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Cooking protein-rich food at high temperatures, such

as broiling or barbecuing meats, can lead to the

formation of many potent carcinogens that are

comparable to those found in cigarrette smoke (i.e.,

benzo[a]pyrene).

Pre-cooking meats in a microwave oven for 2-3

minutes before broiling can help minimize the

formation of these carcinogens.


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1.3.4

List the diseases that affect

the respiratory system,


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Respiratory disease

Any condition that affects the respiratory system is

referred to as a respiratory disease or disorder.

Respiratory disease is diseases of the respiratory

system.

These include diseases of the lung, pleural cavity,

bronchial tubes, trachea, upper respiratory tract

and of the nerves and muscles of breathing.


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Cold Emphysema Empyema Eosinophilic Pneumonia Laryngeal Cancer Laryngomalacia Legionnaires' Disease Lung Cancer


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Common cold Influenza Sinusitis Pharyngitis and tonsillitis Lymphagioleiomyomatosis LAM Persistent Cough Pleurisy (Pleuritis)


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Pulmonary Fibrosis Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Sarcoidosis Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary Embolism


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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Silicosis Sinus Infection Tonsillitis Tuberculosis Valley Fever


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1.3.5How to improve the qualityof air.


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5 Simple Steps to Improve Indoor Air Quality1) Keep your floors fresh. Suck it up. Chemicals and allergens can accumulate in household dust for

decades. By using a vacuum with a HEPA filter you can reduce

concentrations of lead in your home. You can also get rid of other toxins, like brominated fire-

retardant chemicals (PBDEs) as well as allergens like pollen,pet dander, and dust mites.


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Mop it up. Mopping picks up the dust that vacuuming leaves behind. You can skip the soaps and cleaners and just use plain water

to capture any lingering dust or allergens. New microfiber mops (and dust cloths) reportedly capture

more dust and dirt than traditional fibers nd dont requireany cleaning solutions whatsoever.


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Keep it out. Put a large floor mat at every door. People track in all sorts of chemicals via the dirt on

their shoes. A door mat reduces the amount of dirt, pesticides, and

other pollutants from getting into your home. If the mat is big enough, even those who don't wipe

their shoes will leave most pollutants on the mat -- notthe floors in your home.


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2) Keep a healthy level of humidity.

Dust mites and mold love moisture. Keeping humidity around 30 -50 helps keep them and other

allergens under control. A dehumidifier (and air conditioner during summer months) helps

reduce moisture in indoor air and effectively controls allergens,Lang says.

An air conditioner also reduces indoor pollen count -- another plusfor allergy-sufferers.


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More tips for dehumidifying your home:

Use an exhaust fan or crack open a window whencooking, running the dishwasher, or bathing.

Don't overwater houseplants.

Vent the clothes dryer to the outside.

Fix leaky plumbing to prevent moisture-loving mold.

Empty drip pans in your window air conditioner and

dehumidifier


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3) Make your home a no-smoking zone.

"Probably the single most important aspect of indoor air

pollution is secondhand cigarette smoke," says Philip

Landrigan, MD, a pediatrician and director of the Children's

Environmental Health Center at Mount Sinai School of Medicine

in New York City.

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals. Research

shows that secondhand smoke increases a child's risk of

developing ear and respiratory infections, asthma, cancer, and

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). For the smoker, this

addiction causes cancer, breathing problems, heart attacks, and

stroke.


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4) Test for radon.

Whether you have a new or old home, you could have a

radon problem.

This colorless, odorless gas significantly raises the risk of

lung cancer.

Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the

U.S. today.

If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, your

risk of lung cancer is especially high.


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