This resource pack was originally developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University in 2020. It is used and distributed with permission by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. The Incubator’s educational materials are not intended to serve as endorsements or sources of primary data, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Harvard University.

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Migration and Complex Emergencies Resource Pack 2020

Overview Changing place can happen by force or by choice. However, the distinctions between refugees and migrants and voluntary and involuntary movements are becoming increasingly blurred. In addition to displacement secondary to armed conflict and political upheaval, growing numbers are displaced because of natural or environmental disasters, extreme weather events, food insecurity, and development policies and projects.

This resource pack on migration and complex emergencies, developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, includes materials on different types of migration and their drivers. Resources range from reports, articles, and fact sheets, to data, multimedia, and organizations.

This resource pack includes:

• At-A-Glance • Migration • Displacement, Refugees, and Vulnerability • Children On The Move • Complex Emergencies: Conflicts and Disasters • Complex Emergencies: Food Insecurity • Country Examples • Data • Organizations • Teaching Materials and Multimedia

The Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University supports interdisciplinary education about world health through the production, curation, and dissemination of educational public goods.

Resource Pack: Migration and Complex Emergencies

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Selected Resources *indicates resource listed in GHELI's online Repository

AT-A-GLANCE

* Report. World Report 2020 World Report 2020. Human Rights Watch 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020.

* Report. Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 Global Humanitarian Overview 2020. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2019. https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/GHO-2020_v9.1.pdf.

* Report. World Migration Report 2020 World Migration Report 2020. International Organization for Migration 2019. https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020.

* Report. Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018 Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2019. https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2018.

* Report. Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019 Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 2019. http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019.

* Report. The UCL-Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: The Health of a World on the Move Abubakar I et al. The UCL-Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: The Health of a World on the Move. The Lancet 2018; 392(10164): 2606-2654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32114-7.

* Report. The State of Environmental Migration 2018 – A Review of 2017 Zickgraf C et al., eds. The State of Environmental Migration 2018 – A review of 2017. The Hugo Observatory of the University of Liège 2018. http://labos.ulg.ac.be/hugo/state-environmental-migration.

* Report. Migration in the 2030 Agenda Aggave G, Sinha N. Migration in the 2030 Agenda. International Organization for Migration 2017. http://publications.iom.int/books/migration-2030-agenda.

MIGRATION

* Country Profiles. International Migrant Stock 2019: Country Profiles International Migrant Stock 2019: Country Profiles. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2019. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/countryprofiles.asp.

Article. Global Patterns of Mortality in International Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Aldridge R et al. Global Patterns of Mortality in International Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet 2018; 392(10164): 2553-2566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32781-8.

* Report. Global Education Monitoring Report 2019 – Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, Not Walls Global Education Monitoring Report 2019 – Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, Not Walls. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2018. https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2019/migration.

* Report. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets. The World Bank Group 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29806.

Resource Pack: Migration and Complex Emergencies

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* Report. Migration and Its Impact on Cities Migration and Its Impact on Cities. World Economic Forum 2017. https://www.weforum.org/reports/migration-and-its-impact-on-cities.

* Article. The Health Impacts of Climate-Related Migration Schwerdtle P, Bowen K, McMichael C. The Health Impacts of Climate-Related Migration. BMC Medicine 2017: 16(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0981-7.

DISPLACEMENT, REFUGEES, AND VULNERABILITY

* Country Profiles. World Report 2020: Country Profiles World Report 2020: Country Profiles. Human Rights Watch 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020.

* Report. Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2019 Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2019. Development Initiatives 2019. http://devinit.org/post/global-humanitarian-assistance-report-2019.

Article. Pathogens, Prejudice, and Politics: The Role of the Global Health Community in the European Refugee Crisis Khan M et al. Pathogens, Prejudice, and Politics: The Role of the Global Health Community in the European Refugee Crisis. The Lancet Infectious Disease 2018; 16(8): 173-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30134-7.

* Report. Peoples Under Threat 2018 Peoples Under Threat 2018. Minority Rights Group International 2018. http://minorityrights.org/publications/peoplesunderthreat2018.

Report. Report on the Health of Refugees and Migrants in the WHO European Region: No Public Health Without Refugee and Migrant Health Report on the Health of Refugees and Migrants in the WHO European Region: No Public Health Without Refugee and Migrant Health. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/report-on-the-health-of-refugees-and-migrants-in-the-who-european-region-no-public-health-without-refugee-and-migrant-health-2018.

* Report. Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Change Rigaud KK et al. Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Change. The World Bank Group 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461.

* Report. Beyond the Barriers: Framing Evidence on Health System Strengthening to Improve the Health of Migrants Experiencing Poverty and Social Exclusion Beyond the Barriers: Framing Evidence on Health System Strengthening to Improve the Health of Migrants Experiencing Poverty and Social Exclusion. World Health Organization 2017. http://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/knowledge/beyond-barriers/en.

* Report. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement Goodwin-Gill GS, McAdam J. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2017. http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce4132,50ffbce413e,59413c7115,0,,,.html.

* Brief. The Climate Change-Human Trafficking Nexus The Climate Change-Human Trafficking Nexus. International Organization for Migration 2017. http://publications.iom.int/books/climate-change-human-trafficking-nexus.

* Report. No Escape From Discrimination: Minorities, Indigenous Peoples and the Crisis of Displacement No Escape From Discrimination: Minorities, Indigenous Peoples and the Crisis of Displacement. Minority Rights Group International 2017. http://minorityrights.org/publications/no-escape-discrimination-minorities-indigenous-peoples-crisis-displacement.

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Article. Human Trafficking and Exploitation: A Global Health Concern Zimmerman C, Kiss L. Human Trafficking and Exploitation: A Global Health Concern. PLOS Medicine 2017; 14(11): e1002437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437.

Article. Excess Mortality in Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Resident Populations in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Heudtlass P. Excess Mortality in Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Resident Populations in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies (1998-2012)—Insights From Operational Data. Conflict and Health 2016; 10(15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0082-9.

CHILDREN ON THE MOVE

Article. Health Impacts of Parental Migration on Left-Behind Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Fellmeth G et al. Health Impacts of Parental Migration on Left-Behind Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet 2018; 392(10164): 2567-2582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32558-3.

* Report. A Child is a Child: Protecting Children on the Move from Violence, Abuse and Exploitation A Child is a Child: Protecting Children on the Move from Violence, Abuse and Exploitation. United Nations Children's Fund 2017. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_95956.html.

* Report. Beyond Borders: How to Make the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees Work for Uprooted Children Beyond Borders: How to Make the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees Work for Uprooted Children. United Nations Children’s Fund 2017. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_101735.html.

* Report. Emergency Within an Emergency: The Growing Epidemic of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Children in Greece Emergency Within an Emergency: The Growing Epidemic of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Children in Greece. FXB Center for Health & Human Rights at Harvard University 2017. https://fxb.harvard.edu/new-report-emergency-within-an-emergency-exploitation-of-migrant-children-in-greece.

* Report. Harrowing Journeys: Children and Youth on the Move Across the Mediterranean Sea, At Risk of Trafficking and Exploitation Harrowing Journeys: Children and Youth on the Move Across the Mediterranean Sea, At Risk of Trafficking and Exploitation. United Nations Children’s Fund, International Organization for Migration 2017. https://data.unicef.org/resources/harrowing-journeys.

* Report. No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee. United Nations Children’s Fund UK 2017. https://www.unicef.org.uk/publications/no-place-to-call-home.

Article. Forced Migration in Childhood: Are There Long-Term Health Effects? Saarela J. Forced Migration in Childhood: Are There Long-Term Health Effects? Social Science and Medicine -Population Health 2016; 2: 813-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.10.012.

COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: CONFLICTS AND DISASTERS

* Article. Militaries and Global Health: Peace, Conflict, and Disaster Response Michaud J et al. Militaries and Global Health: Peace, Conflict, and Disaster Response. The Lancet 2019; 393(10168): 276-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32838-1.

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Article. Access to Medicines in Times of Conflict: Overlapping Compliance and Accountability Frameworks for Syria McGonigle LB, Gispen ME. Access to Medicines in Times of Conflict: Overlapping Compliance and Accountability Frameworks for Syria. Health and Human Rights Journal 2018; Apr 9. https://www.hhrjournal.org/2018/04/access-to-medicines-in-times-of-conflict-overlapping-compliance-and-accountability-frameworks-for-syria.

* Report. World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2018. https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/world-disaster-report-2018.

Article Series. Non-communicable Diseases Among Conflict-Affected Populations Non-communicable Diseases Among Conflict-Affected Populations. Conflict and Health 2018. https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/NCDs.

Article. Opportunities and Challenges for Delivering Non-Communicable Disease Management and Services in Fragile and Post-Conflict Settings: Perceptions of Policy-Makers and Health Providers in Sierra Leone Witter S et al. Opportunities and Challenges for Delivering Non-Communicable Disease Management and Services in Fragile and Post-Conflict Settings: Perceptions of Policy-Makers and Health Providers in Sierra Leone. Conflict and Health 2020; 14(3). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0248-3.

Article. “What’s Happening in Syria Even Affects the Rocks”: A Qualitative Study of the Syrian Refugee Experience Accessing Noncommunicable Disease Services in Jordan McNatt ZZ et al. “What’s Happening in Syria Even Affects the Rocks”: A Qualitative Study of the Syrian Refugee Experience Accessing Noncommunicable Disease Services in Jordan. Conflict and Health 2019; 13(26). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0209-x.

Article. Treating Syrian Refugees With Diabetes and Hypertension in Shatila Refugee Camp, Lebanon: Médecins Sans Frontières Model of Care and Treatment Outcomes Kayali M. Treating Syrian Refugees With Diabetes and Hypertension in Shatila Refugee Camp, Lebanon: Médecins Sans Frontières Model of Care and Treatment Outcomes. Conflict and Health 2019; 13(12). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0191-3.

Article. Host Country Responses to Non-Communicable Diseases Amongst Syrian Refugees: A Review Akik C et al. Host Country Responses to Non-Communicable Diseases Amongst Syrian Refugees: A Review. Conflict and Health 2019; 13(8). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0192-2.

Article. Access to Care for Non-Communicable Diseases in Mosul, Iraq Between 2014 and 2017: A Rapid Qualitative Study Baxter LM et al. Access to Care for Non-Communicable Diseases in Mosul, Iraq Between 2014 and 2017: A Rapid Qualitative Study. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(48). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0183-8.

Article. What Influenced Provision of Non-Communicable Disease Healthcare in the Syrian Conflict, From Policy to Implementation? a Qualitative Study Garry S et al. What Influenced Provision of Non-Communicable Disease Healthcare in the Syrian Conflict, From Policy to Implementation? a Qualitative Study. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(45). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0178-5.

Article. A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Diabetes Self-Management, Education and Support Needs of Syrian Refugee Patients Living With Diabetes in Bekaa Valley Lebanon Elliott JA. A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Diabetes Self-Management, Education and Support Needs of Syrian Refugee Patients Living With Diabetes in Bekaa Valley Lebanon. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(40). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0174-9.

Article. Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Access to Care Among Non-Camp Syrian Refugees in Northern Jordan Rehr M et al. Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Access to Care Among Non-Camp Syrian Refugees in Northern Jordan. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(33). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0168-7.

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Article. Performance-Based Financing in Three Humanitarian Settings: Principles and Pragmatism Bertone MP et al. Performance-Based Financing in Three Humanitarian Settings: Principles and Pragmatism. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(28). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0166-9.

Article. Notes From the Field: A Case of Hepatic Failure and Reflections on Current Status of Healthcare of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Saiyed SM et al. Notes From the Field: A Case of Hepatic Failure and Reflections on Current Status of Healthcare of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(14). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0149-x.

Article. Risk Factors for Vitamin a and D Deficiencies Among Children Under-Five in the State of Palestine Chaudhry AB et al. Risk Factors for Vitamin a and D Deficiencies Among Children Under-Five in the State of Palestine. Conflict and Health 2018; 12(13). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0148-y.

Article. Non-communicable Diseases in Humanitarian Settings: Ten Essential Questions Aebischer Perone S et al. Non-communicable Diseases in Humanitarian Settings: Ten Essential Questions. Conflict and Health 2017; 11(17). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0119-8.

Article. Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Prevention Amongst Syrian Refugees: Mixed Methods Study of Médecins Sans Frontières Programme in Jordan Collins DRJ et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Prevention Amongst Syrian Refugees: Mixed Methods Study of Médecins Sans Frontières Programme in Jordan. Conflict and Health 2017; 11(14). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0115-z.

Article. Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Access to Health Care and Medications Among Yazidis and Other Minority Groups Displaced by ISIS Into the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Cetorelli V et al. Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Access to Health Care and Medications Among Yazidis and Other Minority Groups Displaced by ISIS Into the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Conflict and Health 2017; 11(4). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0106-0.

Article. Challenges to Conducting Epidemiology Research in Chronic Conflict Areas: Examples From Pure- Palestine Khatib R et al. Challenges to Conducting Epidemiology Research in Chronic Conflict Areas: Examples From Pure- Palestine. Conflict and Health 2017; 10(33). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0101-x.

Article. Prevalence, Care-Seeking, and Health Service Utilization for Non-Communicable Diseases Among Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Lebanon Doocy S et al. Prevalence, Care-Seeking, and Health Service Utilization for Non-Communicable Diseases Among Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Lebanon. Conflict and Health 2016; 10(21). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0088-3.

Article. Differences in Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Frequency Between Adolescent Palestine Refugee and Non-Refugee Populations in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Jawad M et al. Differences in Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Frequency Between Adolescent Palestine Refugee and Non-Refugee Populations in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Conflict and Health 2016; 10(20). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0087-4.

Article. Diabetes in an Emergency Context: The Malian Case Study Besancon S et al. Diabetes in an Emergency Context: The Malian Case Study. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(15). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-015-0042-9.

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Article Series. Filling the Void: Health Systems in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States Filling the Void: Health Systems in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States. Conflict and Health 2017. https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/filling-the-void.

Article. Including Refugees in Disease Elimination: Challenges Observed From a Sleeping Sickness Programme in Uganda Palmer JJ et al. Including Refugees in Disease Elimination: Challenges Observed From a Sleeping Sickness Programme in Uganda. Conflict and Health 2017; 11(22). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0125-x.

Article. Family Planning in Refugee Settings: Findings and Actions From a Multi-Country Study Tanabe M et al. Family Planning in Refugee Settings: Findings and Actions From a Multi-Country Study. Conflict and Health 2017; 11(9). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0112-2.

Article. Evolution of Policies on Human Resources for Health: Opportunities and Constraints in Four Post-Conflict and Post-Crisis Settings Witter S et al. Evolution of Policies on Human Resources for Health: Opportunities and Constraints in Four Post-Conflict and Post-Crisis Settings. Conflict and Health 2017; 10(31). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0099-0.

Article. Comments on the Article: “Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: The Search for Universal Health Coverage” Ammar W. Comments on the Article: “Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: The Search for Universal Health Coverage”. Conflict and Health 2016; 10(22). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0090-9.

Article. Effects of a Community Scorecard on Improving the Local Health System in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Qualitative Evidence Using the Most Significant Change Technique Ho LS et al. Effects of a Community Scorecard on Improving the Local Health System in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Qualitative Evidence Using the Most Significant Change Technique. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(27). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-015-0055-4.

Article. Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone McPake B et al. Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(23). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-015-0052-7.

Article. A Cross-Case Comparative Analysis of International Security Forces’ Impacts on Health Systems in Conflict-Affected and Fragile Sta Bourdeaux M et al. A Cross-Case Comparative Analysis of International Security Forces’ Impacts on Health Systems in Conflict-Affected and Fragile States. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(14). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-015-0040-y.

Article. Implementing People-Centred Health Systems Governance in 3 Provinces and 11 Districts of Afghanistan: A Case Study Anwari Z et al. Implementing People-Centred Health Systems Governance in 3 Provinces and 11 Districts of Afghanistan: A Case Study. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(2). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-9-2.

Article. Community Health Workers of Afghanistan: A Qualitative Study of a National Program Najafizada SAM et al. Community Health Workers of Afghanistan: A Qualitative Study of a National Program. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(26). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-26.

Article. Evaluating the Use of Locally-Based Health Facility Assessments in Afghanistan: A Pilot Study of a Novel Research Method Rowe JS et al. Evaluating the Use of Locally-Based Health Facility Assessments in Afghanistan: A Pilot Study of a Novel Research Method. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(24). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-24.

Article. Engaging Frontline Health Providers in Improving the Quality of Health Care Using Facility-Based Improvement Collaboratives in Afghanistan: Case Study Rahimzai M et al. Engaging Frontline Health Providers in Improving the Quality of Health Care Using Facility-Based Improvement Collaboratives in Afghanistan: Case Study. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(24).

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-21.

Article. The “Empty Void” Is a Crowded Space: Health Service Provision at the Margins of Fragile and Conflict Affected States Hill PS et al. The “Empty Void” Is a Crowded Space: Health Service Provision at the Margins of Fragile and Conflict Affected States. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(20). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-20.

Article. Health Systems and Gender in Post-Conflict Contexts: Building Back Better? Percival V et al. Health Systems and Gender in Post-Conflict Contexts: Building Back Better? Conflict and Health 2014; 8(19). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-19.

Article. Human Resource Management in Post-Conflict Health Systems: Review of Research and Knowledge Gaps Roome E et al. Human Resource Management in Post-Conflict Health Systems: Review of Research and Knowledge Gaps. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(18). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-18.

Article. Expansion of Health Facilities in Iraq a Decade After the US-Led Invasion, 2003–2012 Cetorelli V, Shabila NP. Expansion of Health Facilities in Iraq a Decade After the US-Led Invasion, 2003–2012. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(16). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-16.

Article. Fragile and Conflict Affected States: Report From the Consultation on Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Delivery Raven J et al. Fragile and Conflict Affected States: Report From the Consultation on Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Delivery. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(15). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-15.

Article. A Window of Opportunity for Reform in Post-Conflict Settings? The Case of Human Resources for Health Policies in Sierra Leone, 2002–2012 Bertone MP. A Window of Opportunity for Reform in Post-Conflict Settings? The Case of Human Resources for Health Policies in Sierra Leone, 2002–2012. Conflict and Health 2014; 8(11). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-8-11.

Article. Vaccine-Preventable Disease and The Under-Utilization Of Immunizations In Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Close R et al. Vaccine-Preventable Disease and The Under-Utilization Of Immunizations In Complex Humanitarian Emergencies. Vaccine 2016; 24 (39): 4649-4655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.025.

* Article. Navigating Complexity: Climate, Migration, and Conflict in a Changing World Null S, Risi LH. Navigating Complexity: Climate, Migration, and Conflict in a Changing World. Environmental Change and Security Program, Wilson Center 2016. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/navigating-complexity-climate-migration-and-conflict-changing-world.

Article. Child Health in Syria: Recognizing the Lasting Effects of Warfare on Health Devakumar D et al. Child Health in Syria: Recognizing the Lasting Effects of Warfare on Health. Conflict and Health 2015; 9:34. https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-015-0061-6.

Article. Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone McPake B et al. Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(1):23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-015-0052-7.

* Article. Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict and Public Health Leaning J, Guha-Sapir D. Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict and Public Health. The New England Journal of Medicine 2013; 369: 1836-42. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1109877.

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COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: FOOD INSECURITY

* Country Profiles. FAO Country Profiles FAO Country Profiles. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en.

* Report. Global Report on Food Crises 2019 Global Report on Food Crises 2019. Food Security Information Network 2019. http://fsinplatform.org/global-report-food-crises-2019.

* Report. 2019 Global Food Policy Report 2019 Global Food Policy Report. International Food Policy Research Institute 2019. http://gfpr.ifpri.info.

* Report. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019: Safeguarding Against Economic Slowdowns and Downturns. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Fund for Agricultural Development, United Nations Children’s Fund, World Food Programme, World Health Organization 2019. http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en.

* Country Profiles. Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles. 2018 Global Nutrition Report. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/nutrition-profiles.

* Report. The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017 The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018. http://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources/documents/resources-detail/en/c/1106859.

* Report. The State of Food and Agriculture 2018: Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development The State of Food and Agriculture 2018: Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018. http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-agriculture/en.

* Report. 2018 Global Nutrition Report 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/global-nutrition-report-2018.

* Report. World Food Assistance 2018: Preventing Food Crises World Food Assistance 2018: Preventing Food Crises. World Food Programme 2018. https://sway.com/23MSsaF62HSS0EXC.

* Article. A Human Rights Approach to the Health Implications of Food and Nutrition Insecurity Ayala A, Meier BM. A Human Rights Approach to the Health Implications of Food and Nutrition Insecurity. Public Health Reviews 2017; 38 (10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-017-0056-5.

* Report. Migration, Agriculture and Climate Change: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Enhancing Resilience Migration, Agriculture and Climate Change: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Enhancing Resilience. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2017. http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I8297EN.

* Commission. Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Willett W et al. Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems. The Lancet 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4.

* Report. The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission Report Swinburn B et al. The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission Report. The Lancet 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32822-8.

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COUNTRY EXAMPLES

YEMEN: CIVIL SOCIETY DISPLACEMENT

Country Profile. Yemen: Events of 2019 Yemen: Events of 2019. World Report 2020. Human Rights Watch 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/yemen.

News. Yemen on Brink of ‘World’s Worst Famine in 100 Years’ If War Continues Summers H. Yemen on Brink of ‘World’s Worst Famine in 100 Years’ If War Continues. The Guardian 2018; Oct 15. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un.

Country Profile. Human Development Indicators: Yemen Human Development Indicators: Yemen. Human Development Index 2019. United Nations Development Programme 2019. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/YEM.

Report. Yemen: 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview Yemen: 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2018. https://yemen.un.org/en/11690-yemen-2019-humanitarian-needs-overview.

MYANMAR AND BANGLADESH: ROHINGYA REFUGEES

Policy Brief. Toward Medium-Term Solutions for Rohingya Refugees and Hosts in Bangladesh Huang C, Gough K. Toward Medium-Term Solutions for Rohingya Refugees and Hosts in Bangladesh: Mapping Potential Responsibility-Sharing Contributions. Center for Global Development 2019. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/toward-medium-term-solutions-rohingya-refugees-and-hosts-bangladesh-mapping-potential.

Article. The Rohingya People of Myanmar: Health, Human Rights, and Identity Mahmood S et al. The Rohingya People of Myanmar: Health, Human Rights, and Identity. The Lancet 2017; 389(10081): 1841-1850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00646-2.

Interactive. Rohingya Refugee Emergency at a Glance Rohingya Refugee Emergency at a Glance. The United Nations Refugee Agency 2018. https://unhcr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=5fdca0f47f1a46498002f39894fcd26f.

News. ‘Tied to Trees and Raped’: UN Report Details Rohingya Horrors ‘Tied to Trees and Raped’: UN Report Details Rohingya Horrors. The Guardian 2019; Sept 18. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/18/tied-to-trees-and-raped-un-report-details-rohingya-horrors.

News. Rohingya Recount Atrocities: ‘They Threw My Baby Into a Fire.’ Gettleman J. Rohingya Recount Atrocities: ‘They Threw My Baby Into a Fire.’ The New York Times 2017; Oct 11. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/11/world/asia/rohingya-myanmar-atrocities.html.

LATIN AMERICA AND US BORDER: MIGRANTS

Perspective. The Real Border Crisis: Medical Neglect of Migrants in Detention Centers Diaz C. The Real Border Crisis: Medical Neglect of Migrants in Detention Centers. STAT 2019; Jan 10. https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/10/medical-neglect-migrants-detention.

Editorial. The Fate of Families Separated at the U.S. Border The Fate of Families Separated at the U.S. Border. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2019; 3(3): 129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30035-5.

Series. Kids on the Line: An Ongoing Investigation into Family Separation and the Treatment of Migrant Children Kids on the Line: An Ongoing Investigation into Family Separation and the Treatment of Migrant Children. Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting 2019. https://www.revealnews.org/topic/kids-on-the-line.

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News. Almost 15,000- Migrant Children Now Held At Nearly Full Shelters Almost 15,000- Migrant Children Now Held At Nearly Full Shelters. National Public Radio 2018; Dec 13. https://www.npr.org/2018/12/13/676300525/almost-15-000-migrant-children-now-held-at-nearly-full-shelters.

Fact Sheet. Key Health Implications of Separation of Families at the Border Key Health Implications of Separation of Families at the Border (as of June 27, 2018). Kaiser Family Foundation 2018. https://www.kff.org/disparities-policy/fact-sheet/key-health-implications-of-separation-of-families-at-the-border.

DATA

* Data Portal. Missing Migrants Missing Migrants. International Organization for Migration. http://missingmigrants.iom.int.

* Data Portal. Displacement Tracking Matrix Displacement Tracking Matrix. International Organization for Migration. https://displacement.iom.int.

* Data Portal. FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E.

* Data Portal. Migration Data Portal Migration Data Portal. International Organization for Migration. https://migrationdataportal.org.

Data Interactive. Migration Data for Sustainable Development Goals Migration Data for Sustainable Development Goals. International Organization for Migration. https://migrationdataportal.org/sdgs#0.

Data Portal. Refugees Operational Portal Refugees Operational Portal. Refugee Situations Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations.

* Data Visualization. UNHCR Figures at a Glance UNHCR Figures at a Glance. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html.

*Data Portal. INFORM: Index for Risk Management INFORM: Index for Risk Management. Inter-Agency Standing Committee, European Commission 2019. http://www.inform-index.org.

* Data Visualization. UNHCR Map Portal UNHCR Map Portal. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2019. http://maps.unhcr.org.

* Data Portal. Global Food Security Index Global Food Security Index. The Economist Intelligence Unit 2018. https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com.

* Data Publication. A Pilot Study on Disaggregating SDG Indicators by Migratory Status Jeffers K et al. A Pilot Study on Disaggregating SDG Indicators by Migratory Status. International Organization for Migration 2018. http://publications.iom.int/books/pilot-study-disaggregating-sdg-indicators-migratory-status.

* Data Interactive. Peoples Under Threat Peoples Under Threat. Minority Rights Group International 2018. http://peoplesunderthreat.org.

* Data Publication. World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018 World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2018. http://interactive.unocha.org/publication/datatrends2018.

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* Data Publication. Global Migration Indicators 2018 Vidal EM, Tjaden JD. Global Migration Indicators 2018. Global Migration Data Analysis Center. International Organization for Migration 2018. http://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-indicators-2018.

ORGANIZATIONS

* Web Portal. ReliefWeb ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://reliefweb.int.

* Organization. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home.

* Organization. Program on Forced Migration and Health Program on Forced Migration and Health. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/research/program-forced-migration-and-health.

* Organization. International Organization for Migration International Organization for Migration. http://www.iom.int.

* Organization. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. Norwegian Refugee Council. http://www.internal-displacement.org.

TEACHING MATERIALS AND MULTIMEDIA

Podcast. Awake at Night: A UNHCR Podcast Fleming M. Awake at Night: A UNHCR Podcast. https://www.unhcr.org/awakeatnight.

Video Series. UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency. https://www.youtube.com/c/unhcr.

* Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-disaster-preparedness-and-resilience.

* Teaching Case. Mobilizing Knowledge into Action: Best Practices in Responding to Urgent Refugee Health and Resettlement Service Needs Benlamri M et al. Mobilizing Knowledge into Action: Best Practices in Responding to Urgent Refugee Health and Resettlement Service Needs. Western Public Health Casebook. Public Health Casebook Publishing 2018. https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/publichealth/cases/Casebook%202018.html.

* Online Learning. Human Rights: The Rights of Refugees Human Rights: The Rights of Refugees. Amnesty International, edX 2018. https://www.edx.org/course/human-rights-the-rights-of-refugees.

* Online Learning. Humanitarian Response to Conflict and Disaster Humanitarian Response to Conflict and Disaster. HarvardX, edX 2018. https://www.edx.org/course/humanitarian-response-conflict-disaster-harvardx-ph558x-0.

* Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2018. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-climate-migration-and-health.

Video. Migration and Health: The Health of the World on the Move Migration and Health: The Health of the World on the Move. The LancetTV 2018; Dec 5. [3:37] https://youtu.be/-efWKvVzats.

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* Teaching Pack. Teaching Pack: Climate Change, Migration, and Health Teaching Pack: Climate Change, Migration, and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2018. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/teaching-pack-climate-change-migration-and-health.

* Podcast. Famine and Conflict: The Unfolding Food Security Crisis Famine and Conflict: The Unfolding Food Security Crisis. Advanced Training Program on Humanitarian Action, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative 2017. http://atha.se/podcasts/famine-and-conflict-unfolding-food-security-crisis.

* Videos. Playlist (11 Talks): Refugees Welcome Playlist (11 Talks): Refugees Welcome. TED 2017. https://www.ted.com/playlists/294/refugees_welcome.

* Teaching Case. Sofi’s World: UNHCR’s East Africa Predicament Sofi’s World: UNHCR’s East Africa Predicament. Global Health Institute, Emory University 2011. http://www.globalhealth.emory.edu/what/student_programs/case_competitions/2011_cc.html.

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Annotated Bibliography

AT-A-GLANCE

Report. World Report 2020 World Report 2020. Human Rights Watch 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11423 This annual report, published by Human Rights Watch (HRW), summarizes data about global human rights practices from more than 100 countries and territories worldwide. This year’s report, focusing on events from late 2018 through November 2019, includes a keynote essay by HRW executive director Kenneth Roth, “China’s Global Threat to Human Rights,” in which he examines the deepening threat that the Chinese government poses to human rights. Roth believes that the government of China, and President Xi Jinping, view human rights at home as a threat – and this can be seen in their investment in surveillance infrastructure, as well as their censorship policies. The report goes on to contain country-specific chapters that identify significant human rights abuses across the globe, examines the freedom of local human rights defenders to conduct their work, and surveys the response of key international actors. Human Rights Watch is a nongovernmental organization dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice

Report. Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 Global Humanitarian Overview 2020. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2019. https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/GHO-2020_v9.1.pdf. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12842 This report from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) assesses how many people worldwide require humanitarian assistance, the drivers of these fragile contexts, and the approaches for effectively identifying and responding to humanitarian needs. Humanitarian needs are rising despite economic and developmental progress. In 2020, an estimated 167.6 million people will need humanitarian assistance, requiring $28.8 billion in funding. Driving these humanitarian crises are disasters and conflicts which displace millions of people around the world. Climate change is further increasing people’s vulnerability to humanitarian crises with infectious diseases becoming more prevalent and global warming impacting agriculture. In order to better respond to these disasters and conflicts, humanitarian organizations have begun adopting anticipatory financing – essentially estimating the impact of crises and rapidly injecting funds to where they are needed most. The report recommends further work in anticipatory financing, strengthening collaboration with other humanitarian organizations, and reiterates UNOCHA’s commitment to end any and all sexual exploitation and abuse by humanitarian staff.

Report. World Migration Report 2020 World Migration Report 2020. International Organization for Migration 2019. https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12076 This report from the International Organization for Migration provides a detailed account of migration trends and related issues worldwide. Since the World Migration Report 2018 was published two years ago, dramatic changes have occurred surrounding migration policy with the finalizing of two global compacts: the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration, and the Global Compact on Refugees. Despite these monumental accomplishments, there continues to be major migration crises around the world due to conflict, climate change, or other factors. The current number of international migrants is thought to be nearly 272 million globally, with around two thirds of this number being labor-related migrants. This report also encourages readers to rethink migration and migrants. The increasing complexity surrounding migration, according to the authors, is due in part to the every-growing amount of information available on who migrates, why people migrate, and where and how they migrate. The World Migration Report 2020 also includes videos from key contributors and the director general, as well as InfoSheets on a variety of migration related information.

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Report. Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018 Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2019. https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10946 This annual report, published by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), focuses on the global crisis of displacement due to conflict. By the end of 2018, 70.8 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. This marks an increase of 2.3 million people over 2017, with marked increases in internal displacement in Ethiopia and Venezuela, as well as continuing displacement due to conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and Bangladesh. The world’s forcibly displaced population remains at a record high. The report offers demographic information about the global refugee population as well as internally displaced persons (IDPs), asylum seekers, stateless persons, and other groups or persons of concern, comparing 2018 with data from previous years. It includes focused chapters on protracted refugee situations, unaccompanied and separated children, and urban refugees, as well as a case study on the crisis in Venezuela and numerous figures, graphics, and maps; it is accompanied by detailed statistical tables that are available to download.

Report. Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019 Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 2019. http://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12489 This annual report from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre examines the state of internally displaced peoples (IDPs) worldwide. It features displacement spotlights and up-to-date global and regional displacement figures, noting that in 2018 there were 28 million new displacements associated with conflict and disasters across 143 countries and territories, with a total of 41.3 million people living in internal displacement as a result—the highest number ever recorded. This year’s publication focuses on urban internal displacement and presents new evidence on the humanitarian and development challenges presented by displacement to, between, and within cities and towns. It also describes the steps needed to better support IDPs in urban settings and reduce and prevent displacement, including filling data gaps and building an improved evidence base, reframing the narrative around internal displacement, accepting local integration as a displacement solution, building both leadership and infrastructure, and more. The report is accompanied by a dynamic web version with interactive maps and data figures, an overview publication, background papers, and a media pack that includes press releases, downloadable companion materials, biographies, photos, and videos.

Report. The UCL-Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: The Health of a World on the Move Abubakar I et al. The UCL-Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: The Health of a World on the Move. The Lancet 2018; 392(10164): 2606-2654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32114-7. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12820 This UCL-Lancet Commission report shares evidence-based approaches to inform public discourse and policy on migration, a process touching more than one billion lives in 2018 and deeply rooted in structural and political factors. Current polarizing discourse condemning migration has created far-reaching misunderstandings and misconceptions around migrants—people who often uphold economies, bolster social services, and contribute to health services in both origin and destination locations. The report is driven by five goals: providing the latest evidence on migration and health outcomes; examining multisector determinants of health; critically reviewing key challenges to health migration; examining equity in access to health and health services; and outlining how evidence can contribute to collaborative and equitable policies, and feasible strategies to inform and inspire action.

The report finds that with sufficient political will, the international community, states, and local providers have the knowledge and resources necessary to ensure that individuals most vulnerable to harm are not marginalized, however, attitudes, misperceptions, and cynical political motivations can hinder rights-based approaches to health for migrants, as they are seeking safety and economic security for themselves and their family. Additionally, the report finds that migrants are, on average, healthier, better educated, and employed at higher rates than individuals in destination locations—thereby dispelling unfounded myths around immigrants—but being subjected to discrimination and

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restrictions puts them at risk of ill health. Migration is an issue which urgently needs attention, as how the world addresses human mobility will determine public health and social cohesion for decades to come.

The report is accompanied by supplemental resources such as a policy brief with key recommendations on ways to improve the public health response to migration, comments, additional articles, and a video from the chair of The UCL-Lancet Commission on Migration and Health and the Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet.

Report. The State of Environmental Migration 2018 – A Review of 2017 Zickgraf C et al., eds. The State of Environmental Migration 2018 – A review of 2017. The Hugo Observatory of the University of Liège 2018. http://labos.ulg.ac.be/hugo/state-environmental-migration. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12085 This report, presented by The Hugo Observatory of the University of Liège, assesses the changing dynamics of environment- and climate-related migration throughout four regions: Africa, Americas and The Caribbean, Asia, and Europe. The report enhances understanding of natural disasters in 2017—sudden as well as slow natural onset events— and their links with human mobility, examining specific case-examples of these linkages around the world. The report also highlights key policy initiatives and programs designed to address these intersections of climate change and human mobility across the globe.

Report. Migration in the 2030 Agenda Aggave G, Sinha N. Migration in the 2030 Agenda. International Organization for Migration 2017. http://publications.iom.int/books/migration-2030-agenda. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12015 This report from the International Organization of Migration (IOM) describes the importance of migration in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, which was adopted by the international community in 2015 and established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address global challenges through economic, social, and environmental progress. The 2030 Agenda marks the first time migration was included in mainstream global development policy, formally recognizing the positive contributions of migrants in global development and acknowledging migrant resilience in the face of climate change and other drivers of displacement. This report defines and identifies migration, highlights its multidimensional aspects as they relate to the SDGs, and examines the challenges and opportunities associated with targets and commitments established for 2030. The connections between migration and specific global challenges and issues (including the environment and climate change, cities and labor, health and education, and women and children) are explored, with special focus on global goals to abolish trafficking, reduce gender inequalities, and prevent and resolve population displacement.

MIGRATION

Country Profiles. International Migrant Stock 2019: Country Profiles International Migrant Stock 2019: Country Profiles. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2019. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/countryprofiles.asp. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13086 These country profiles from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) provide the most recent data on the state of migration for a specific country. As of 2019, the number of international migrants has increased from 221 million in 2010, to 272 million in 2019. Many of these migrants are refugees and asylum seekers, as the number of forced migrants has increased by nearly 13 million between 2010 and 2017. Forced migration increased at an average annual rate of eight percent while other migrants, such as those who migrate by choice for employment, have increased at an annual rate of two percent. These statistics indicate that many more migrants are forced from their homes, due to conflict or natural disasters, than those who choose to immigrate. UNDESA also outlined how the share of international migrants is changing. While just over half of all international migrants reside in Northern America or Europe, the share of migrants is actually decreasing in these areas. These country profiles are also accompanied by a fact sheet outlining overall trends, as well as ten key messages from the International Migrant Stock 2019 database.

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Article. Global Patterns of Mortality in International Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Aldridge R et al. Global Patterns of Mortality in International Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet 2018; 392(10164): 2553-2566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32781-8. This article in The Lancet synthesizes available mortality data on international migrants. Review and analysis of the existing literature indicates that the mortality of migrants was lower than the general population in high-income destination countries. However, this may not be generalizable to marginalized migrants—especially forced migrants—and to migrants in low-income and middle-income countries. International migrants had increased mortality due to infectious disease and external causes of death (e.g., assault, events of undetermined intent).

Report. Global Education Monitoring Report 2019 – Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, Not Walls Global Education Monitoring Report 2019 – Migration, Displacement and Education: Building Bridges, Not Walls. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2018. https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2019/migration. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12791 The 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report, published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), assesses global progress toward the Sustainable Development Goal on education (SDG4) and its 10 targets, which address primary and secondary education, early childhood, technical and adult education, work skills, equity, literacy and numeracy, global citizenship, learning environments, scholarships, and teachers. The 2019 report specifically examines how migration and displacement interact with education, how immigrants and refugees are included in national education systems, major barriers towards education access, and how education improvements help migrants and refugees tap into their potential. Despite increasing inclusion in national education systems, immigrant youth still lack access to education that is both supportive and high quality.

The report’s case studies illuminate innovative efforts already in motion across the world to address these challenges, which could be scaled up and modified to suit different global contexts. The authors call for investment in quality education in rural areas suffering from depopulation and in urban slums facing large population inflow, in countries of high rates of emigration and/or immigration, and in areas facing refugee emergencies and crises. UNESCO recommends that national governments protect migrants’ and displaced people’s right to education; include them in the national education system while understanding and planning for their needs; prepare their teachers to address diversity and hardship; accurately represent migrants’ and displaced people’s histories within education to challenge prejudices and stereotypes and foster inclusivity; and harness their potential to improve economies and societies.

The report also includes statistical tables, organized by each of the seven SDG 4 targets and three means of implementing the targets (education facilities and learning environments, scholarships, and teachers). Other resources accompanying this report include a set of infographics and figures, an executive summary, a youth report summarizing the major takeaways for children, a video, background papers , presentation slides, as well as an interactive data portal with downloadables, graphics, and more.

Report. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets. The World Bank Group 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29806. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12515 This report from the World Bank addresses the disconnect between the evidence-based conclusion that immigration is good for social and economic prosperity—for immigrants, their families at home, and the countries that welcome them—and the widespread opposition to immigration in destination countries, which is often rooted in the unfounded notion that migrants are the primary cause of economic difficulties like unemployment and declining social services. The report provides comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, and articulates how income gaps, demographic differences, and declining transportation costs contribute to increasing global mobility. Its authors argue for immigration policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces and note that easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the world.

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Report. Migration and Its Impact on Cities Migration and Its Impact on Cities. World Economic Forum 2017. https://www.weforum.org/reports/migration-and-its-impact-on-cities. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12121 This report by the World Economic Forum (WEF) explores the influence of migration on cities, examining the types, causes, and patterns of migration; identifying the most affected migration “corridors” and cities; evaluating its impact on infrastructure and services; and providing recommendations for how cities can address the growing challenges associated with migration. It breaks down the economic, social, and political impact of migration in 22 of the most affected cities across the world, and explores the impact on housing, education, employment, health, transportation, utilities, sanitation, social cohesion, and security. The report suggests that migration should be seen as an opportunity for cities, and describes a sustainable framework that can help cities meet the needs of their growing migrant populations.

Article. The Health Impacts of Climate-Related Migration Schwerdtle P, Bowen K, McMichael C. The Health Impacts of Climate-Related Migration. BMC Medicine 2017: 16(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0981-7. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12086 This article explores the link between climate change, health, and migration, specifically opportunities to respond to both migration and health risks across diverse contexts. The paper uses case examples from Papua New Guinea, Alaska, South Sudan, northern Australia, and Colombia and Spain to illustrate how this thematic intersection can manifest in different ways—planned relocation, immobility and climate adaptation, forced displacement and planned return, rural-urban migration, and temporary and circular mobility.

DISPLACEMENT, REFUGEES, AND VULNERABILITY

Country Profiles. World Report 2020: Country Profiles World Report 2020: Country Profiles. Human Rights Watch 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11424 These country profiles accompany the Human Rights Watch World Report 2020, and reflect the most recent developments to human rights across the world. Each country profile details human rights issues specific to the country in question, identifying significant human rights abuses, examining the freedom of local human rights defenders to conduct their work, and surveying the response of key international actors. The profiles are available as an individual web pages with the full compilation of country profiles included in the main report. Human Rights Watch is a nongovernmental organization dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice.

Report. Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2019 Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2019. Development Initiatives 2019. http://devinit.org/post/global-humanitarian-assistance-report-2019. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12554 This annual report published by Development Initiatives explores the global humanitarian financing landscape, identifying where resources are required, where they come from, and where they are finally allocated. The report estimates that in 2018, 206.4 million people needed humanitarian assistance—40 percent of whom were in just six countries. There has been sustained growth in international humanitarian assistance from governments and private donors since 2014, reaching US $28.9 billion in 2018. However, a limited proportion of total humanitarian assistance is channeled directly to local and national actors, thereby hindering responsive and effective assistance to people in need. By understanding effective means for transferring funds and wider crisis financing, multilateral institutions, private and public donors, NGOs, governments, and other stakeholders can address humanitarian crises more appropriately. Supplementary resources include data downloads, summarizing key data captured in the report, as well as a webinar of finance experts discussing current and emerging trends.

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Article. Pathogens, Prejudice, and Politics: The Role of the Global Health Community in the European Refugee Crisis Khan M et al. Pathogens, Prejudice, and Politics: The Role of the Global Health Community in the European Refugee Crisis. The Lancet Infectious Disease 2018; 16(8): 173-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30134-7. This article in The Lancet Infectious Disease discusses how the global health community can address infectious disease risks and health inequalities, focusing specifically on the refugee crisis in Europe. Though the perception is scientifically unfounded, many people believe that migrants and refugees carry more infectious disease. As such, the authors of the article recommend the following: 1) base policy decisions on public health evidence rather than prejudices; 2) develop affordable health services for incoming refugees; and 3) acknowledge that widening socioeconomic gaps between high- and low-income countries have also driven the global refugee crisis.

Report. Peoples Under Threat 2018 Peoples Under Threat 2018. Minority Rights Group International 2018. http://minorityrights.org/publications/peoplesunderthreat2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12505 This report by the Minority Rights Group International (MRG) presents the most current data on crises across the world where populations face the greatest threats of mass killing, genocide, or systematic violent repression. It highlights more than 20 situations with pressing risks and which are expected to account for the majority of civilians who are affected by mass killings in the coming year. The report notes that mass killings and egregious human rights violations continue to threaten civilian populations, especially minority groups and indigenous peoples, and are increasingly carried out by non-state armed groups. It also flags the creeping rise of authoritarianism as a risk to populations.

The report is accompanied by a data interactive that maps the global prevalence of genocide from 2011 to 2018; users can access data via a global map or interactive table. Detailed profile pages offer country-specific information, including current and historical rankings, specific at-risk populations, contextual background, and related news and resources from MRG.

Report. Report on the Health of Refugees and Migrants in the WHO European Region: No Public Health Without Refugee and Migrant Health Report on the Health of Refugees and Migrants in the WHO European Region: No Public Health Without Refugee and Migrant Health. World Health Organization 2018. http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/report-on-the-health-of-refugees-and-migrants-in-the-who-european-region-no-public-health-without-refugee-and-migrant-health-2018. This report from the World Health Organization describes the causes, consequences, and responses to the health needs and challenges of refugees and migrants in the European region—a region where almost one in 10 people is currently an international migrant. The report underscores that there is a very low risk of refugees and migrants transmitting communicable diseases, and highlight the need to focus on the occupational health and maternal health needs of these populations. The report also identifies gaps in current efforts to provide quality care to refugees and migrants, particularly emphasizing the need for better data collection.

Report. Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Change Rigaud KK et al. Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Change. The World Bank Group 2018. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12512 This report from the World Bank Group focuses on three regions—Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America—where climate change will forcibly displace tens of millions of people in the next 30 years. If significant changes are not made, nearly 3 percent of the population in these regions will be forced to move within their own countries to avoid the effects of climate change, migrating away from areas affected by rising sea levels and storm surges, degraded farming productivity, and reduced availability of fresh water. The report examines the current and expected trends of migration and climate change, describes projections for climate migration in the regions and sub-regions addressed, highlights country-specific findings from each region, and offers a call to action in three key areas: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, embedding climate migration in development planning, and investing in improved understanding of internal climate migration. It is accompanied by an executive summary and brief policy notes on each region.

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Report. Beyond the Barriers: Framing Evidence on Health System Strengthening to Improve the Health of Migrants Experiencing Poverty and Social Exclusion Beyond the Barriers: Framing Evidence on Health System Strengthening to Improve the Health of Migrants Experiencing Poverty and Social Exclusion. World Health Organization 2017. http://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/knowledge/beyond-barriers/en. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12000 This World Health Organization (WHO) report focuses on international migrants and the ways in which health systems are attempting to provide effective coverage, in particular those experiencing poverty and social exclusion. The report contributes to the evidence base needed for making progress on the sustainable development goal (SDG) for universal health coverage. Chapters provide information on barriers to health services faced by migrants, and highlight which barriers are shared by other vulnerable subpopulations, provide a framework for addressing these barriers through health systems strengthening for universal health coverage, and highlight areas where more research is needed.

The analysis relies on research on equity, gender and human rights, including health systems strengthening for universal health coverage, and research on migration and health. By adopting this dual perspective, it illuminates the need to synergistically address barriers that are specific to migration processes and those that are faced by social inequities across multiple subpopulations in a country (e.g. those with lower income levels, lower education levels, suboptimal employment conditions, language barriers or discrimination on different grounds). Learn more about WHO's work on migrants and health inequities.

Report. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement Goodwin-Gill GS, McAdam J. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2017. http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce4132,50ffbce413e,59413c7115,0,,,.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12089 This report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) shares recommendations on its future institutional strategy on displacement in the context of disasters and climate change. The report examines the organization’s historical involvement addressing disaster displacement and interrogates questions about how climate change response fits into UNHCR’s primary responsibility to seek solutions for forcibly displaced individuals. The report outlines specific ways UNHCR can interact with the increasingly complex intersection of climate change, displacement, and security.

Brief. The Climate Change-Human Trafficking Nexus The Climate Change-Human Trafficking Nexus. International Organization for Migration 2017. http://publications.iom.int/books/climate-change-human-trafficking-nexus. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12094 This brief from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) looks at examples and evidence from the Asia-Pacific region to elucidate the state of human trafficking and how it relates to climate-related events. It distinguishes between sudden-onset disasters (cyclones, typhoons, tsunamis) and slow-onset events (droughts, floods, soil erosion), all of which create economic, social, and health instability. This instability is regularly capitalized upon by criminal networks of traffickers, who take advantage of newly vulnerable populations. The brief also proposes interventions to counter these trends, including capacity building of governmental and non-governmental organizations, registering and tracking displaced populations, and training law enforcement or military personnel in counter-trafficking measures.

Report. No Escape From Discrimination: Minorities, Indigenous Peoples and the Crisis of Displacement No Escape From Discrimination: Minorities, Indigenous Peoples and the Crisis of Displacement. Minority Rights Group International 2017. http://minorityrights.org/publications/no-escape-discrimination-minorities-indigenous-peoples-crisis-displacement. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12510 This report from the Minority Rights Group focuses on the experiences of minorities and indigenous peoples who have undergone forced migration, often due to violence, persecution and discrimination, and other human rights abuses. It examines the causes, impacts, and potential solutions of such migration, with an emphasis on four key drivers: climate, conflict, nationalism, and land rights. The authors call for a number of positive steps to protect vulnerable populations

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and provide the means for safe return or resettlement, while also acknowledging that forced displacement is often the final step in a protracted process of exclusion and discrimination. As such, the report notes that strengthening human rights protections for all is the most important and sustainable, long-term solution to this global crisis.

Article. Human Trafficking and Exploitation: A Global Health Concern Zimmerman C, Kiss L. Human Trafficking and Exploitation: A Global Health Concern. PLOS Medicine 2017; 14(11): e1002437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437. This article in PLOS Medicine describes the health impacts of human trafficking and shares a public health policy framework for addressing this problem. The authors argue that trafficking—and the associated labor exploitation—is sufficiently prevalent to be considered a public health problem. Exploitation are typically sustained by business models that rely on disposable labor and supply chains, which are only reinforced by weakening labor governance and protections. Public health approaches can be leveraged to address the underlying determinants of exploitation at each stage of the labor migration cycle before harm occurs at the individual and generational level.

Article. Excess Mortality in Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Resident Populations in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Heudtlass P. Excess Mortality in Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Resident Populations in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies (1998-2012)—Insights From Operational Data. Conflict and Health 2016; 10(15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0082-9. This article in Conflict and Health quantifies deaths in humanitarian emergencies from 1998 to 2012, disaggregated by displacement status (e.g., refugee, internally displaced, non-displaced). The analysis shows highest excess mortality rates among internally displaced populations, followed by resident populations—though in absolute numbers, resident populations account for most of the excess deaths in emergencies.

CHILDREN ON THE MOVE

Article. Health Impacts of Parental Migration on Left-Behind Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Fellmeth G et al. Health Impacts of Parental Migration on Left-Behind Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet 2018; 392(10164): 2567-2582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32558-3. This article in The Lancet reviews the health impacts on children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries who are left behind when parents migrate. The systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that children and adolescents who are left behind had increased risks of depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety when compared to children of non-migrants. There were also small increases in the risks for wasting, stunting, and substance use. The findings indicate greater attention must be paid to the unmet health needs of left-behind children and adolescents—and further examination of risk and resilience factors within this population.

Report. A Child is a Child: Protecting Children on the Move from Violence, Abuse and Exploitation A Child is a Child: Protecting Children on the Move from Violence, Abuse and Exploitation. United Nations Children's Fund 2017. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_95956.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11541 This report from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) focuses on the dangers faced by displaced and refugee children and adolescents, millions of whom are on the move across international borders fleeing violence and conflict, disaster or poverty, or in pursuit of a better life. With few safe and legal routes to take on their journeys, unaccompanied children fall prey to smugglers and other illegitimate means of transport, which increases their risks of violence, abuse, exploitation, and trafficking. Despite protections in place through the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international treaties, displaced children are often trapped in bureaucratic limbo as receiving nations become overwhelmed by the influx of refugees and asylum-seekers. This report outlines policies and recommends strategies to ensure the protection of these vulnerable children.

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Report. Beyond Borders: How to Make the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees Work for Uprooted Children Beyond Borders: How to Make the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees Work for Uprooted Children. United Nations Children’s Fund 2017. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_101735.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12766 This report published by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) highlights initiatives that are underway that protect and support the human rights of refugee, migrant, and displaced children, regardless of status. The report presents case studies from 11 different countries and regions that demonstrate how the Agenda for Action—a six-point framework putting children at the heart of the global compacts for refugees and migration—can be replicated and put into practice. The agenda consist of ideals such as: protecting child refugees and migrants from exploitation and violence; ending the detention of children seeking refugee status or migrating; keeping families together and giving children legal status; keeping all refugee and migrant children learning and giving them access to health and other quality services; pressing for action on the underlying causes of large-scale movements of refugees and migrants; and promoting measures to combat xenophobia, discrimination, and marginalization of this population. Emphasized in this publication is the need for governments, host communities, volunteers, and international and local partners to undertake collaborative action to promote a more welcoming and inclusive global community, especially for refugee, migrant, and displaced children.

Report. Emergency Within an Emergency: The Growing Epidemic of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Children in Greece Emergency Within an Emergency: The Growing Epidemic of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Children in Greece. FXB Center for Health & Human Rights at Harvard University 2017. https://fxb.harvard.edu/new-report-emergency-within-an-emergency-exploitation-of-migrant-children-in-greece. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11540 This report from the Harvard FXB Center for Health and Human Rights explores the current dangers facing migrant and displaced children in Greece. It identifies patterns of abuse and exploitation among children as young as 11, exacerbated by the absence of any sort of child protection system. The report examines factors and circumstances that place children at risk for exposure to long term sexual exploitation. The report contains testimonies by such children, as well as detailed recommendations for policies and reforms to address these issues.

Report. Harrowing Journeys: Children and Youth on the Move Across the Mediterranean Sea, At Risk of Trafficking and Exploitation Harrowing Journeys: Children and Youth on the Move Across the Mediterranean Sea, At Risk of Trafficking and Exploitation. United Nations Children’s Fund, International Organization for Migration 2017. https://data.unicef.org/resources/harrowing-journeys. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11686 This report from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) analyzes data from migrant and refugee routes from Africa and Asia to Europe via the Mediterranean Sea, examining the journeys of 11,000 young refugees between the ages of 14 and 24. Because legal forms of passage are becoming increasingly harder to secure, many migrant youth are forced to rely on smugglers, making them targets for abuse, trafficking, and exploitation, as well as xenophobia and racism. The report outlines the data and dangers along migrant routes, and offers potential interventions to aid young refugees.

Report. No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee. United Nations Children’s Fund UK 2017. https://www.unicef.org.uk/publications/no-place-to-call-home. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12090 This report from the United Nations Children’s Fund UK (UNICEF UK) illustrates the aftermath and impact on children’s rights, when children are forced to flee home due to climate change. With 1 in 45 children on the move worldwide, events like extreme weather, rising sea levels, drought, and melting glaciers are some of the climate-related events increasing the pressure on children and their communities. The report argues that children’s rights must be centered in international and national climate, humanitarian, disaster risk reduction, development, and migration strategies.

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Article. Forced Migration in Childhood: Are There Long-Term Health Effects? Saarela J. Forced Migration in Childhood: Are There Long-Term Health Effects? Social Science and Medicine -Population Health 2016; 2: 813-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.10.012. This article in Social Science and Medicine – Population Health analyzes the long-term health effects associated with forced migration in childhood, analyzing data from a mass Finnish migration during World War II. Focusing on data from 1988 to 2012, the authors found no support for the prediction that traumatic migration during childhood has long-term negative health consequences, most likely related to positive integration.

COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: CONFLICTS AND DISASTERS

Article. Militaries and Global Health: Peace, Conflict, and Disaster Response Michaud J et al. Militaries and Global Health: Peace, Conflict, and Disaster Response. The Lancet 2019; 393(10168): 276-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32838-1. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12888 This article in The Lancet summaries the varied roles, responsibilities, and approaches of militaries in global health efforts and draws on examples and case studies across peacetime, conflict, and disaster response environments. The authors note that while militaries have numerous capabilities applicable to global health—such as research, surveillance, medical expertise, and rapidly deployable assets for logistics, transportation, and security—their focus on strategic, operational, and tactical objectives related to security and defense sometimes conflicts with humanitarian and global health goals and values. The article summarizes policies and guidelines that can help close the gap between military and civilian actors and better optimize the contributions of both sectors to enhance global health. This article is one of a two-part Lancet series on security and public health.

Article. Access to Medicines in Times of Conflict: Overlapping Compliance and Accountability Frameworks for Syria McGonigle LB, Gispen ME. Access to Medicines in Times of Conflict: Overlapping Compliance and Accountability Frameworks for Syria. Health and Human Rights Journal 2018; Apr 9. https://www.hhrjournal.org/2018/04/access-to-medicines-in-times-of-conflict-overlapping-compliance-and-accountability-frameworks-for-syria. This article in the Health and Human Rights Journal analyzes the intense need for improved access to medicines in Syria from an international law compliance and accountability perspective. They focus on four legal frameworks in the analysis: international human rights law, international drug control law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law. The authors argue these four avenues are too weak on their own, but can be mutually reinforcing—though the likelihood of this happening still remains rhetorical.

Report. World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2018. https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/world-disaster-report-2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12741 This report, published by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, describes the state of the world’s populations who are affected by disasters and crises. It identifies five key reasons why so many vulnerable people are being neglected or underserved by humanitarian programs: aid efforts have difficulty reaching individuals and groups that are “out of sight” (e.g. their births are not registered, they don’t have proof of identify, their geographic location is not known, or their needs are not recognized), “out of reach” (e.g. they live in places in which humanitarian actors are not adequately present or able to provide sufficient assistance), “out of the loop” (e.g. the elderly and persons with disabilities), or “out of scope” of the traditional humanitarian sector (e.g. irregular migrants or people suffering extreme urban violence); it also describes the underprioritized disasters that are “out of money” (e.g. underfunded crisis responses to small rapid-onset disasters, larger slow-onset disasters, and long-term complex emergencies). The report outlines clear recommendations to overcome these structural problems, calling for greater and more equitable funding as well as a more conscious, transparent approach to ensure the neediest are placed first in line for humanitarian assistance. The report can be downloaded in full or by individual chapter; an executive summary is also available.

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Article Series. Non-communicable Diseases Among Conflict-Affected Populations Non-communicable Diseases Among Conflict-Affected Populations. Conflict and Health 2018. https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/NCDs. This thematic series of articles in Conflict and Health focuses on the patterns and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among conflict-affected populations. Papers in the collection examine how health services, systems, and policies can be more effective in responding to NCDs in these contexts. Contexts studied in this collection include Syria, Iraq, and Palestine.

• Opportunities and Challenges for Delivering Non-Communicable Disease Management and Services in Fragile and Post-Conflict Settings: Perceptions of Policy-Makers and Health Providers in Sierra Leone

• “What’s Happening in Syria Even Affects the Rocks”: A Qualitative Study of the Syrian Refugee Experience Accessing Noncommunicable Disease Services in Jordan

• Treating Syrian Refugees With Diabetes and Hypertension in Shatila Refugee Camp, Lebanon: Médecins Sans Frontières Model of Care and Treatment Outcomes

• Host Country Responses to Non-Communicable Diseases Amongst Syrian Refugees: A Review • Access to Care for Non-Communicable Diseases in Mosul, Iraq Between 2014 and 2017: A Rapid Qualitative

Study • What Influenced Provision of Non-Communicable Disease Healthcare in the Syrian Conflict, From Policy to

Implementation? A Qualitative Study • A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Diabetes Self-Management, Education and Support Needs of Syrian Refugee

Patients Living With Diabetes in Bekaa Valley Lebanon • Barriers to Cardiovascular Disease Secondary Prevention Care in the West Bank, Palestine – A Health

Professional Perspective • Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Access to Care Among Non-Camp Syrian Refugees in Northern

Jordan • Performance-Based Financing in Three Humanitarian Settings: Principles and Pragmatism • Notes From the Field: A Case of Hepatic Failure and Reflections on Current Status of Healthcare of Syrian

Refugees in Lebanon • Risk Factors for Vitamin A and D Deficiencies Among Children Under-Five in the State of Palestine • Non-Communicable Diseases in Humanitarian Settings: Ten Essential Questions • Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Prevention Amongst Syrian Refugees: Mixed Methods Study of Médecins Sans

Frontières Programme in Jordan • Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Access to Health Care and Medications Among Yazidis and

Other Minority Groups Displaced by ISIS Into the Kurdistan Region of Iraq • Challenges to Conducting Epidemiology Research in Chronic Conflict Areas: Examples From PURE- Palestine • Prevalence, Care-Seeking, and Health Service Utilization for Non-Communicable Diseases Among Syrian

Refugees and Host Communities in Lebanon • Differences in Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Frequency Between Adolescent Palestine Refugee and Non-

Refugee Populations in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey

• Diabetes in an Emergency Context: The Malian Case Study

Article Series. Filling the Void: Health Systems in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States Filling the Void: Health Systems in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States. Conflict and Health 2017. https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/filling-the-void. This thematic series of articles in Conflict and Health explores evidence on health policies and programs that work in fragile and conflict-affected states. Articles include:

• Including Refugees in Disease Elimination: Challenges Observed From a Sleeping Sickness Programme in Uganda

• Family Planning in Refugee Settings: Findings and Actions From a Multi-Country Study

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• Evolution of Policies on Human Resources for Health: Opportunities and Constraints in Four Post-Conflict and Post-Crisis Settings

• Comments on the Article: “Syrian Refugees in Lebanon: The Search for Universal Health Coverage” • Effects of a Community Scorecard on Improving the Local Health System in Eastern Democratic Republic of

Congo: Qualitative Evidence Using the Most Significant Change Technique • Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and

Sierra Leone • A Cross-Case Comparative Analysis of International Security Forces’ Impacts on Health Systems in Conflict-

Affected and Fragile States • Implementing People-Centred Health Systems Governance in 3 Provinces and 11 Districts of Afghanistan: A Case

Study • Community Health Workers of Afghanistan: A Qualitative Study of a National Program • Evaluating the Use of Locally-Based Health Facility Assessments in Afghanistan: A Pilot Study of a Novel

Research Method • Engaging Frontline Health Providers in Improving the Quality of Health Care Using Facility-Based Improvement

Collaboratives in Afghanistan: Case Study • The “Empty Void” Is a Crowded Space: Health Service Provision at the Margins of Fragile and Conflict Affected

States • Health Systems and Gender in Post-Conflict Contexts: Building Back Better? • Human Resource Management in Post-Conflict Health Systems: Review of Research and Knowledge Gaps • Expansion of Health Facilities in Iraq a Decade After the US-Led Invasion, 2003–2012 • Fragile and Conflict Affected States: Report From the Consultation on Collaboration for Applied Health

Research and Delivery • A Window of Opportunity for Reform in Post-Conflict Settings? The Case of Human Resources for Health

Policies in Sierra Leone, 2002–2012

Article. Vaccine-Preventable Disease and The Under-Utilization Of Immunizations In Complex Humanitarian Emergencies Close R et al. Vaccine-Preventable Disease and The Under-Utilization Of Immunizations In Complex Humanitarian Emergencies. Vaccine 2016; 24 (39): 4649-4655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.025. This article in Vaccine examines the barriers to distributing three vaccines in complex humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries. The authors suggest strategies to improve vaccine distribution, including expanding the target age range for vaccination and reducing vaccination dose schedules.

Article. Navigating Complexity: Climate, Migration, and Conflict in a Changing World Null S, Risi LH. Navigating Complexity: Climate, Migration, and Conflict in a Changing World. Environmental Change and Security Program, Wilson Center 2016. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/navigating-complexity-climate-migration-and-conflict-changing-world. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12097 This discussion paper by the Wilson Center examines how increasing displacement and climate change exacerbates the form, type, and location of violent conflict. The paper underscores that official language and protections at the nexus of climate, migration, and conflict remain underdeveloped; that strengthening local institutions may prove essential to address the vast majority of migration, which happens within country borders; and that understanding local and national contexts is vital to the policy response. The paper shares specific lessons learned from Darfur and Syria.

Article. Child Health in Syria: Recognizing the Lasting Effects of Warfare on Health Devakumar D et al. Child Health in Syria: Recognizing the Lasting Effects of Warfare on Health. Conflict and Health 2015; 9:34. https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-015-0061-6. This article in Conflict and Health discusses the effects of the bloody Syrian war on the country’s children, highlighting less documented longer-term effects on physical and mental health.

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Article. Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone McPake B et al. Ebola in the Context of Conflict Affected States and Health Systems: Case Studies of Northern Uganda and Sierra Leone. Conflict and Health 2015; 9(1):23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-015-0052-7. The article in Conflict and Health compares the Ebola emergence and management in Uganda and Sierra Leone during the 2000 and 2014 outbreaks respectively. It illustrates how aspects of these conflict-affected countries came together with international response to successfully contain the outbreak (Northern Uganda) or fail to do so (Sierra Leone).

Article. Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict and Public Health Leaning J, Guha-Sapir D. Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict and Public Health. The New England Journal of Medicine 2013; 369: 1836-42. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1109877. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11084 This review article provides an overview of the connections between natural disasters, armed conflict, and public health responses in recent decades. Natural disasters and armed conflict have marked human existence throughout history and have always caused peaks in mortality and morbidity. But in recent times, the scale and scope of these events have increased markedly. Since 1990, natural disasters have affected about 217 million people every year, and about 300 million people now live amidst violent insecurity around the world. The immediate and longer-term effects of these disruptions on large populations constitute humanitarian crises. In recent decades, public health interventions in the humanitarian response have made gains in the equity and quality of emergency assistance.

COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: FOOD INSECURITY

Country Profiles. FAO Country Profiles FAO Country Profiles. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11565 This web portal from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provides access to a collection of country-specific profile pages, each of which compiles information about agriculture, water and aquaculture, food security, and more from across the entire FAO site. Linked resources on each country page include publications, news articles, briefs, infographics, and data tools. Each country profile page also contains key statistics and a Country leaflet, covering important information about the FAO’s involvement in that country and surrounding regions.

Report. Global Report on Food Crises 2019 Global Report on Food Crises 2019. Food Security Information Network 2019. http://fsinplatform.org/global-report-food-crises-2019. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11502 This report from the Food Security Information Network (FSIN) provides a global overview of acute food insecurity as well as individual country estimates of those nations affected by food conditions deemed either “stressed” or “crisis, emergency, or catastrophe/famine.” It also examines the major food crises of 2018 across the world—many of which were caused or exacerbated by conflict, climate and natural disasters, and high food prices—and within each country profile, provides a one-page infographic overview, a nutrition snapshot, information about the key drivers of that food crisis, and a specific outlook for the future. Though the number of people facing food crises is down to 113 million people from 124 million in 2017, the number of countries affected have grown as have the number of individuals on the precipice of acute hunger. Two-thirds of the people experiencing acute hunger are in just 8 countries: Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen.

The report concludes with a section on countries and risk factors which merit closer monitoring in 2019, and calls for greater global cooperation to the tackle the root causes of acute hunger—climate change, economic shocks, conflict, and displacement. Supplementary resources include interactive and abridged versions of the report, as well as a brief summary of key messages. The Global Report on Food Crises is an annual report documenting the latest estimates of acute hunger worldwide. The report is prepared by 15 global and regional institutions under the umbrella of the Food Security Information Network.

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Report. 2019 Global Food Policy Report 2019 Global Food Policy Report. International Food Policy Research Institute 2019. http://gfpr.ifpri.info. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12949 This report from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) examines the global state of food policy in 2018, outlining major developments made and progress achieved. The report also described the challenges faced in food and nutrition security, with many regions of the world facing rising rates of hunger. This year’s report focuses on rural revitalization as a way to achieve the 2030 development agenda and to improve the lives of rural populations.

The report examines several timely topics related to rural revitalization, including rural employment, women’s empowerment, the environment, rural energy, and rural governance. The focus on rural revitalization stems from the desire to positively transform rural areas, making them good locations to raise families and work. The report includes data tables and visualizations for several key food policy indicators, including country-level data on hunger, agricultural spending and research investment, and projections for future agricultural production and consumption. It is accompanied by a synopsis, slide deck of key data, and summary videos.

Report. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019: Safeguarding Against Economic Slowdowns and Downturns. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Fund for Agricultural Development, United Nations Children’s Fund, World Food Programme, World Health Organization 2019. http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11687 This annual United Nations (UN) report indicates that global hunger is on the rise again, after steadily declining for over a decade. The report is jointly published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The report finds that 821.6 million people went hungry in 2018, overweight and obesity continue to increase in all regions, and progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger by 2030 is too slow. This year’s report, for the first time, includes data on food insecurity at different levels of severity and estimates that 2 billion people experience moderate or severe food insecurity. The 2019 update focuses on economic downturns, noting hunger increasing in countries where the economy has slowed down or contracted, particularly where inequality is greater, and stresses policies to address economic slowdowns without cutting services. The report is accompanied by a fact sheet and a brief.

Country Profiles. Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles Country, Region, and Global Nutrition Profiles. 2018 Global Nutrition Report. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/nutrition-profiles. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11223 This web portal, offered by the Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. and produced and disseminated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), provides global, regional, and country profiles that accompany the 2018 Global Nutrition Report, which documents the status of the world’s nutrition and progress made to meet global nutrition targets established by the World Health Assembly. The global fact sheet facilitates comparison of national-level data with the global situation. Regional and country profiles include information on child, adolescent, and adult nutritional status, in addition to intervention coverage, food supply, economics, and demography. A companion technical note is also available.

Report. The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017 The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018. http://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources/documents/resources-detail/en/c/1106859. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12761 This report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) looks at the impact of natural disasters, food chain crises and transboundary animal diseases, and conflict and protracted crises on agriculture and food and nutrition security. The study evaluates the quantitative economic impact of disasters on agriculture and on the livelihoods and food security of populations affected, particularly in developing countries over the past decade. Key

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themes addressed include the food security of populations; adoption of agricultural technologies; disaster impact on crops, livestock, fisheries, aquaculture, and forestry; strategies for resilience and sustainable agriculture; damage and loss assessment; rising food chain crises and transboundary animal diseases; and increasing conflicts and protracted crises. The report leverages specific case studies from Nepal, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and Syria to illustrate the challenges and potential of assessing damages and loss after disasters.

Report. The State of Food and Agriculture 2018: Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development The State of Food and Agriculture 2018: Migration, Agriculture and Rural Development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018. http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-agriculture/en. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12727 This report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) explores the connections between internal and international migratory flows and economic development, demographic change, and natural-resource pressure. It provides contextual background about migration trends and patterns, describes the drivers and determinants of rural migration, articulates the impacts of migration on agriculture and rural communities in general, and offers a comprehensive policy approach to rural migration and economic development transformation. The latest in an annual series of reports, the report includes data graphics, examples, short essays, key messages, and a statistical annex, which illustrate and document aspects of rural migration. It is accompanied by a digital version and an “in brief” summary of the report.

Report. 2018 Global Nutrition Report 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition. Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. 2018. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/global-nutrition-report-2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10926 This report from Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd. and produced and disseminated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) documents the status of the world’s nutrition and progress made to meet global nutrition targets established by the World Health Assembly. The 2018 report explores areas that are critical for addressing the burden of malnutrition across the globe, including the need to improve the prevalence data on micronutrient deficiencies, the importance of a new approach to addressing malnutrition during crises, and the value of building upon the emerging focus on malnutrition among adolescents. The report also analyzes new and emerging data on the state of diets around the world to highlight the importance of diet as a cause of and solution to the global burden of nutrition. It also discusses government financial commitments to nutrition initiatives.

Report. World Food Assistance 2018: Preventing Food Crises World Food Assistance 2018: Preventing Food Crises. World Food Programme 2018. https://sway.com/23MSsaF62HSS0EXC. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12479 This report from the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) examines the various causes of food crises around the world and recommends short- and long-term solutions. It explores the drivers of food crisis, including short-term events—like conflicts and natural disasters —and long-term influencers like poverty and food insecurity, acknowledging that there is not yet enough evidence on the efficacy of specific interventions and investments to conclusively prioritize action and resource allocation. The WFP seeks to improve this knowledge base by analyzing the links between food assistance expenditures in 152 countries and a range of other factors.

The report notes that the likelihood of a food crisis outbreak increases with the incidence of natural disasters, displacement, and/or chronic hunger; such outbreaks are less likely when there is greater availability of food, better food absorption capacity, and better access to markets and services. The report offers broad recommendations for preventing food crises, including promoting peace and ending violence conflict; ending chronic hunger; adequately preparing for and responding to natural disasters; reducing displacement; improving the performance of food systems; and making long-term investments in education, infrastructure, and widespread economic growth. An interactive website highlights the key findings from this report, which can also be downloaded in full.

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Article. A Human Rights Approach to the Health Implications of Food and Nutrition Insecurity Ayala A, Meier BM. A Human Rights Approach to the Health Implications of Food and Nutrition Insecurity. Public Health Reviews 2017; 38 (10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-017-0056-5. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12277 This open-access article in Public Health Reviews summarizes human rights documents and scholarship on the rights to health and to food in an analytical interpretation of government obligations to ensure food security as a human right. The article discusses food and nutrition security as a health determinant, the ways in which food insecurity is related to malnutrition, the role of gender and maternal health in food insecurity risks globally, the role of factors such as climate change, urbanization, humanitarian emergencies and disasters, the food industry and globalization of unhealthy diets, and national laws in a human rights approach to food and nutritional health.

Report. Migration, Agriculture and Climate Change: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Enhancing Resilience Migration, Agriculture and Climate Change: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Enhancing Resilience. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2017. http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I8297EN. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12147 This report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) explores the complex linkages between migration, agriculture, and climate change and discusses the adaptation strategies of rural migration and potential policy-based responses. The report is a response to the 2015 Paris Agreement call for integrated responses to minimize risks related to climate change. It illustrates and summarizes connections through graphics and multiple country examples. The material would be useful in undergraduate class discussions on global environmental risks as they affect social determinants of health.

Commission. Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Willett W et al. Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems. The Lancet 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12892 This report from the EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems addresses the need to feed a growing global population with a healthy diet while also improving sustainable food systems that minimize damage to the planet. The commission describes a “universal healthy reference diet”—which relies on increased consumption of plant-based foods and decreased consumption of unhealthy foods, including red meat, sugar, and refined grains—in order to provide major health benefits, such as reducing the incidence of diet-related obesity and lowering mortality from diet-related noncommunicable diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The commission also integrates global targets for sustainable food systems and aims to provide scientific boundaries to reduce environmental degradation caused by food production, which is among the largest drivers of climate change, biodiversity loss, freshwater use, interference with global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, land-system change, and chemical pollution. The report includes five strategies to achieve a “Great Food Transformation,” including seeking national and international commitment to shifting toward healthy diets; reorienting agricultural priorities to emphasize the production of healthy food over large quantities of food; sustainably intensifying food production to generate high-quality outputs that are more environmentally sustainable; strengthening and coordinating governance of land and oceans; and reducing food loss and waste by at least half, in line with global sustainable development goals (SDGs).

This commission report is accompanied by a summary report as well as a series of briefing documents for key stakeholders, including cities/urban planners, farmers, food service professionals, health care providers, policymakers, and the general public.

Report. The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission Report Swinburn B et al. The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission Report. The Lancet 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32822-8. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12891 This Lancet Commission report, which follows from two earlier Lancet Series on obesity, examines the growing global prevalence of obesity within a wide context of common underlying societal and political drivers for malnutrition and

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climate change. The commission identifies malnutrition (in all its forms, including obesity, undernutrition, and other dietary risks) as the leading cause of poor health globally. It also notes that the health effects of climate change will compound the health challenges of malnutrition and that these three pandemics—obesity, undernutrition, and climate change—represent a “global syndemic” that affects most people across the world. The commission urges holistic new thinking and action—about business models, food systems, civil society involvement, and national and international governance—toward the goal of reorienting human systems to achieve better human and planetary health.

COUNTRY EXAMPLES

YEMEN: CIVIL SOCIETY DISPLACEMENT

Country Profile. Yemen: Events of 2019 Yemen: Events of 2019. World Report 2020. Human Rights Watch 2020. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/yemen. This country profile from Human Rights Watch focuses on human rights issues of concern in Yemen, specifically around airstrikes, civilian casualties, and shortages of food and medical care. These country profiles accompany the Human Rights Watch World Report 2020, and reflect the most recent developments to human rights across the world. Each country profile details human rights issues specific to the country in question, identifying significant human rights abuses, examining the freedom of local human rights defenders to conduct their work, and surveying the response of key international actors. The profiles are available as an individual web pages and downloadable PDFs; the full compilation of country profiles is also included in the main report.

News. Yemen on Brink of ‘World’s Worst Famine in 100 Years’ If War Continues Summers H. Yemen on Brink of ‘World’s Worst Famine in 100 Years’ If War Continues. The Guardian 2018; Oct 15. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un. This article in The Guardian underscores how Saudi airstrikes in Yemen could lead to the worst famine the country has seen in 100 years. At the time of writing, the conflict has seen 10,000 people killed and millions displaced.

Country Profile. Human Development Indicators: Yemen Human Development Indicators: Yemen. Human Development Index 2019. United Nations Development Programme 2019. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/YEM. This country profile focuses on human development data for Yemen. This web portal, published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), provides the most recent human development data for countries across the world. Topics examined range from health and education, to poverty and human security. Each online country profile also links to a downloadable data table and a briefing note for its country.

Report. Yemen: 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview Yemen: 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2018. https://yemen.un.org/en/11690-yemen-2019-humanitarian-needs-overview. This report from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) summarizes the severe humanitarian situation in Yemen. Currently, 80 percent of the population requires some form of humanitarian or protection assistance, and two-thirds of the country are pre-famine. The report identifies basic survival needs, protection of civilians, and livelihoods as the most important humanitarian issues at hand.

MYANMAR AND BANGLADESH: ROHINGYA REFUGEES

Policy Brief. Toward Medium-Term Solutions for Rohingya Refugees and Hosts in Bangladesh Huang C, Gough K. Toward Medium-Term Solutions for Rohingya Refugees and Hosts in Bangladesh: Mapping Potential Responsibility-Sharing Contributions. Center for Global Development 2019. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/toward-medium-term-solutions-rohingya-refugees-and-hosts-bangladesh-mapping-potential. This policy brief from the Center for Global Development describes a medium-term development approach to support the increasing number of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Currently, Bangladesh hosts nearly one million Rohingya

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refugee, the great majority of whom escaped genocidal violence in Myanmar. The brief explores diverse portfolio of contributions and commitment types, such as trade and investment, labor mobility, infrastructure investment, private sector investment, resettlement, and development and climate finance. The recommendations are contextualized in the geopolitical factors shaping the Rohingya situations.

Article. The Rohingya People of Myanmar: Health, Human Rights, and Identity Mahmood S et al. The Rohingya People of Myanmar: Health, Human Rights, and Identity. The Lancet 2017; 389(10081): 1841-1850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00646-2. This article in The Lancet outlines the history behind the crisis facing Rohingya people of Myanmar, who now account for one in seven of the global population of stateless people. Rohingya citizenship was stripped in 1982, and a total 1.5 million Rohingya people live in Myanmar and across Southeast Asia. This complex crisis in human rights has implications for health—poor infant and child health, malnutrition, waterborne illness, and lack of obstetric care. The article culminates with discussion of the Myanmar Government’s treatment of Rohingya people through the perspective of international law.

Interactive. Rohingya Refugee Emergency at a Glance Rohingya Refugee Emergency at a Glance. The United Nations Refugee Agency 2018. https://unhcr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=5fdca0f47f1a46498002f39894fcd26f. This interactive from the UNHCR walks through key facts about the Rohingya refugee emergency, and the current vulnerability of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh to monsoon season. The interactive describes the infrastructure of the refugee settlements in Bangladesh, the natural disaster risks associated with monsoon rainfall, and the resulting impact of the water and sanitation.

News. ‘Tied to Trees and Raped’: UN Report Details Rohingya Horrors ‘Tied to Trees and Raped’: UN Report Details Rohingya Horrors. The Guardian 2019; Sept 18. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/18/tied-to-trees-and-raped-un-report-details-rohingya-horrors. This article from The Guardian describes findings from a report presented to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) about the atrocities unfolding against the Rohingya people in Myanmar. The investigators spent 15 months studying Myanmar’s military action in Rakhine, Shan, and Kachin states, where human rights abuses had long been reported. The analysis underscores the “egregious” amount of rape and sexual violence at the hands of the Myanmar military, and the Myanmar government’s denial of these actions.

News. Rohingya Recount Atrocities: ‘They Threw My Baby Into a Fire.’ Gettleman J. Rohingya Recount Atrocities: ‘They Threw My Baby Into a Fire.’ The New York Times 2017; Oct 11. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/11/world/asia/rohingya-myanmar-atrocities.html. This article in The New York Times describes first-person narratives of Rohingya survivors of state violence in Myanmar.

LATIN AMERICA AND US BORDER: MIGRANTS

Perspective. The Real Border Crisis: Medical Neglect of Migrants in Detention Centers Diaz C. The Real Border Crisis: Medical Neglect of Migrants in Detention Centers. STAT 2019; Jan 10. https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/10/medical-neglect-migrants-detention. This article in STAT describes the medical neglect of migrants in detention centers since President Trump’s Executive Order. Since 2010, more than 20 people have died in the 200 immigration jails across the country—spaces that are already susceptible to overcrowding, insufficient food, and abusive treatment.

Editorial. The Fate of Families Separated at the U.S. Border The Fate of Families Separated at the U.S. Border. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2019; 3(3): 129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30035-5. This article in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health highlights the hypocrisy of wealthy countries, such as the U.S., that pride themselves on offering compassionate care for vulnerable children within the ongoing family separation crisis.

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The editorial notes the emotional, physical, legal, and mental health services that children will require following separation.

Series. Kids on the Line: An Ongoing Investigation into Family Separation and the Treatment of Migrant Children Kids on the Line: An Ongoing Investigation into Family Separation and the Treatment of Migrant Children. Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting 2019. https://www.revealnews.org/topic/kids-on-the-line. This series in Reveal curates ongoing reporting and research into family separation and the treatment of migrant children. Articles discuss the politics of human rights, law, and health.

News. Almost 15,000- Migrant Children Now Held At Nearly Full Shelters Almost 15,000- Migrant Children Now Held At Nearly Full Shelters. National Public Radio 2018; Dec 13. https://www.npr.org/2018/12/13/676300525/almost-15-000-migrant-children-now-held-at-nearly-full-shelters. This article in NPR, published in 2018, discusses how the number of immigrant children held in federal custody exceeded 15,000. The shelters were at or over capacity, and the implications for their health, wellbeing, and human rights.

Fact Sheet. Key Health Implications of Separation of Families at the Border Key Health Implications of Separation of Families at the Border (as of June 27, 2018). Kaiser Family Foundation 2018. https://www.kff.org/disparities-policy/fact-sheet/key-health-implications-of-separation-of-families-at-the-border. This fact sheet by Kaiser Family Foundation summarizes the key health implications of family separation and detention follow President Donald Trump’s Executive Order in 2018 to detain immigrant families together while their cases are being processed.

DATA

Data Portal. Missing Migrants Missing Migrants. International Organization for Migration. http://missingmigrants.iom.int. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12839 This data portal from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) tracks migrant deaths along popular migration routes globally. The Missing Migrants project tracks incidents involving migrants, including refugee and asylum seekers, who have died or gone missing while migrating internationally, with the total number being nearly 4,500 in 2018. The highest number of migrant deaths have occurred along the Mediterranean, where more than 2,200 people have died or have gone missing. Missing Migrants tracks numbers by month, by region, by region of origin, and top causes of death – all of which are easily accessible on the site. Publications from Missing Migrants can also be found alongside the interactive map.

Data Portal. Displacement Tracking Matrix Displacement Tracking Matrix. International Organization for Migration. https://displacement.iom.int. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12840 This data portal from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) tracks and displays the migration incidents occurring around the world. The interactive map allows users to select countries and track internal migration events caused by natural hazards, conflicts, or other political and economic reasons. Thus far, the IOM has tracked nearly 24 million displaced persons globally, and the number continues to rise. Alongside the interactive map are links to reports, data sets, and information about the IOM and its work.

Data Portal. FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11270 This data portal is maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT). Browse, download, compare, search, and analyze data across several data domains including production,

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trade, emissions, food security, agri-environmental indicators, food balances, prices, inputs, population, investment, forestry, R&D indicators, and emergency response.

Data Portal. Migration Data Portal Migration Data Portal. International Organization for Migration. https://migrationdataportal.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12763 This data portal from the International Organization for Migration provides the most recent data on migration worldwide, bringing together 98 migration data indicators from 25 international data sources. Individuals can view migration patterns by country, subregion, and region, for any year between 1990–2017. Additionally, users can navigate between indicators in categories such as immigration and emigration, migrant flow, vulnerability of populations, development, migration policy, and public opinion. The portal curates a series of guides on migration data sources and their strengths and weaknesses, organized by theme (e.g., vulnerability, development, policy) and written in collaboration with related experts. Coupled with the thematic guides are a database of tools and resources for improving migration data, searchable by migration theme, data source, and region of focus; 18 migration governance snapshots; and a variety of accessible blogs and videos with leading data experts.

Data Interactive. Migration Data for Sustainable Development Goals Migration Data for Sustainable Development Goals. International Organization for Migration. https://migrationdataportal.org/sdgs#0. This data interactive from the International Organization for Migration focuses on the contribution of migration to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Migration intersects with all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and 10 of the 17 goals contain specific migration-related targets and indicators. In this interactive, users can explore these specific targets and learn more about efforts to college disaggregated data by migratory status.

Data Portal. Refugees Operational Portal Refugees Operational Portal. Refugee Situations Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations. This data portal from the Refugee Situations Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees presents information about active refugee situations. Users can access maps of formal settlements, humanitarian updates, risk assessments, surveys, and additional information about population flow in the specific context.

Data Visualization. UNHCR Figures at a Glance UNHCR Figures at a Glance. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11279 This data portal provides access population statistics, data visualizations, and additional data portals maintained by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Data focuses on the welfare of vulnerable people of concern–refugees, asylum seekers, returned refugees, the internally displaced and stateless people.

Data Portal. INFORM: Index for Risk Management INFORM: Index for Risk Management. Inter-Agency Standing Committee, European Commission 2019. http://www.inform-index.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11424 These country profiles accompany the Human Rights Watch World Report 2020, and reflect the most recent developments to human rights across the world. Each country profile details human rights issues specific to the country in question, identifying significant human rights abuses, examining the freedom of local human rights defenders to conduct their work, and surveying the response of key international actors. The profiles are available as an individual web pages with the full compilation of country profiles included in the main report. Human Rights Watch is a nongovernmental organization dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice.

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Data Visualization. UNHCR Map Portal UNHCR Map Portal. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2019. http://maps.unhcr.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11265 This data interactive tool developed by the Office of the United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR), provides maps and geographic data on displaced populations. These resources depict information vital to the success of the UNHCR’s mission, including the locations of various refugee groups and the environmental impact their camps have on the surrounding regions. These maps are searchable by year and country, and are updated regularly as new data becomes available, ensuring that data presented are accurate within the last nine months.

Data Portal. Global Food Security Index Global Food Security Index. The Economist Intelligence Unit 2018. https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12481 This data portal from The Economist Intelligence Unit provides up-to-date data related to the core issues of food security—affordability, availability, and quality—in 113 countries. The index is constructed from 28 indicators and is designed to be a dynamic quantitative and qualitative benchmarking model that measures the drivers of food security. The index also includes an adjustment factor on natural resources and resilience that assesses a country’s exposure to the impacts of climate change, its vulnerability to natural resource risks, and its effectiveness in adapting to these risks. Users can explore an interactive map to view global and regional trends in food security; they can also access individual country profiles which provide national data on each indicator, ranking information against global and regional averages, and a summary of major strengths and challenges facing the country. The portal also includes related resources and publications, including Global Food Security Index 2018: Building Food Security in the Face of Rising Food Security Risks, a report which synthesizes many of the key findings of the index research.

Data Publication. A Pilot Study on Disaggregating SDG Indicators by Migratory Status Jeffers K et al. A Pilot Study on Disaggregating SDG Indicators by Migratory Status. International Organization for Migration 2018. http://publications.iom.int/books/pilot-study-disaggregating-sdg-indicators-migratory-status. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12762 This data publication published by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) examines the feasibility of disaggregating data relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) based on migratory status. Currently, there is a dearth of and limited access to quality data related to migrants, a particularly vulnerable population. Inspired by the SDG commitment to “leave no one behind,” SDG Target 17.18 calls for disaggregating SDG-relevant data by migratory status so that the needs of migrants can be better addressed.

This pilot study was conducted by IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Center (GMDAC), investigating the potential of using harmonized census data to (a) monitor progress towards the SDG global disaggregation goal, and (b) assess to what extent migrants may be “left behind.” This study provides these five recommendations which would encourage migration-relevant SDG monitoring and therefore a better understanding of migrants’ baseline situation across the world: disaggregating SDG indicators by migratory status and comparing results over time at the national level; providing census data in a timelier manner; sharing high-precision census data between more countries and territories; prioritizing which targets should be disaggregated by migratory status; and using other sources of information aside from census data.

Data Interactive. Peoples Under Threat Peoples Under Threat. Minority Rights Group International 2018. http://peoplesunderthreat.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11866 This data interactive, developed by the Minority Rights Group (MRG), maps the global prevalence of genocide by highlighting countries where populations face the greatest threats of mass killing, genocide, or systematic violent repression. Data from 2011 to 2018 are available, and users can access data via a global map or interactive table. Detailed profile pages offer country-specific information, including current and historical rankings, specific at-risk populations, contextual background, and related news and resources from MRG. The site is accompanied by a brief report that highlights more than 20 situations with pressing risks and which are expected to account for the majority of civilians who are affected by mass killings in the coming year.

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Data Publication. World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018 World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2018. http://interactive.unocha.org/publication/datatrends2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12831 This data publication from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) focuses on global and national trends in humanitarian crises and assistance. According to the report, humanitarian crises are increasing in both number and in length. The trends and appeals for aid in humanitarian crises are displayed, along with case studies on the evolution of protracted crises, attacks on education, and attacks on healthcare. Also included with this data publication is the full report, highlights, global trends, data, visuals, and past reports.

Data Publication. Global Migration Indicators 2018 Vidal EM, Tjaden JD. Global Migration Indicators 2018. Global Migration Data Analysis Center. International Organization for Migration 2018. http://publications.iom.int/books/global-migration-indicators-2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12764 This data publication published by the International Organization for Migration summarizes key trends along 17 migration themes, ranging from forced migration to migration and the environment. 258 million international migrants—people living in a country other than their country of births—were counted in 2017, representing 3.4 percent of the world’s population. In addition to reviewing the stocks and flows of international migrants, the publication also includes graphics which illustrate distribution of migrant workers, growth of remittances from 1990 to 2018, and trends in global displacement between 2007–2017. The graphics are followed by an annex with a list of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that are relevant to migrants, along with a separate list of global objectives set to achieve safe orderly, and regular migration. The authors conclude that more concerted efforts are needed to improve migration data to monitor trends more systematically in the years to come. This publication is based on data extracted from the Global Migration Data Portal, which provides the most recent data on migration worldwide, bringing together 98 migration data indicators from 25 international data sources.

ORGANIZATIONS

Web Portal. ReliefWeb ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://reliefweb.int. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12117 This portal of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) provides the latest information on disasters and global crises to help humanitarian workers plan effective, informed responses. The portal includes reports, maps, infographics, and is also a resource for training programs and job listings in the humanitarian field. Information can be searched by individual country, type of disaster, organizations, or related topics. Focused topics include health; safety and security; humanitarian financing; gender; refugees/migrant emergencies in Europe and Southeast Asia; humanitarian crises in Southern, Central, and Eastern Africa; and famine. The portal also hosts ReliefWeb Labs, with projects about emerging opportunities to improve humanitarian information delivery, the ReliefWeb Blog, with short stories on specific ideas and projects, and headline news from around the world.

Organization. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11293 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is mandated to lead and coordinate international action to protect refugees worldwide. UNHCR was established on December 14, 1950 by the United Nations General Assembly. It strives to ensure that everyone can exercise the right to seek asylum and find safe refuge in another State, with the option to return home voluntarily, integrate locally, or to resettle in a third country. It also has a mandate to help stateless people. The UNHCR provides protection, assistance, emergency response, durable solutions and alternatives to camps for refugees, while also working to minimize the environmental impact of these operations.

Resource Pack: Migration and Complex Emergencies

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Organization. Program on Forced Migration and Health Program on Forced Migration and Health. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/research/program-forced-migration-and-health. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11312 The Mellon Foundation established the Program on Forced Migration and Health at Columbia University to begin training the next generation of refugee health and humanitarian response workers. Faculty lead and collaborate on research that influences policy and practice in complex emergencies, post-emergency recovery, and development contexts. They work with governments, international agencies and community-based organizations.

Organization. International Organization for Migration International Organization for Migration. http://www.iom.int. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11374 Established in 1951, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. With 157 member states and offices in more than 100 countries, IOM works to ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people.

IOM works in the four broad areas of migration management: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and forced migration. IOM also promotes international migration law, policy debate and guidance, protection of migrants' rights, migration health and the gender dimension of migration.

Organization. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. Norwegian Refugee Council. http://www.internal-displacement.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11375 The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) is the leading source of information and analysis on internal displacement, playing a unique role as a global monitor and evidence-based advocate to influence policy and action by governments, United Nations (UN) agencies, donors, international organizations and NGOs. IDMC was established in 1998 at the request of the Interagency Standing Committee on humanitarian assistance. Since then, IDMC’s unique global function has been recognized and reiterated in annual UN General Assembly resolutions. IDMC is part of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), an independent, nongovernmental humanitarian organization.

TEACHING MATERIALS AND MULTIMEDIA

Podcast. Awake at Night: A UNHCR Podcast Fleming M. Awake at Night: A UNHCR Podcast. https://www.unhcr.org/awakeatnight. This podcast from UNHCR features interviews with men and women who have worked in war zones, and the potential emotional and physical impacts of increasingly dangerous humanitarian work.

Video Series. UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency. https://www.youtube.com/c/unhcr. This collection of videos from UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, highlights key topics in the global organization’s work saving lives, protecting rights, and building better futures for refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people.

Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2019. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-disaster-preparedness-and-resilience. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-disaster-preparedness-and-resilience/resource/12260

Resource Pack: Migration and Complex Emergencies

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This resource pack was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University (GHELI) to support an upcoming Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. The multidisciplinary materials are suitable for educators, students, and policy makers wanting to learn about U.S. progress and roadblocks to disaster preparedness and resilience, contextualized in a broader global landscape of climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts. In addition to sharing information specific to the recent California wildfires, this resource pack also includes resources reflecting on lessons learned from Hurricanes Maria, Sandy, and Katrina.

The Forum’s “Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change: A Governors Roundtable” event is described as follows:

Hammered by unprecedented natural disasters, parts of the United States have coped with raging wildfires, catastrophic hurricanes, dangerous heat levels, blizzards and floods. In addition, climate change has introduced new risks and exacerbated existing problems, according to the National Climate Assessment. This Forum event will convene a dynamic panel of former governors, who will share their unique insights into the challenges of leadership and natural disasters. What does it take to prepare, respond and rebuild? What roles do the public, local and state officials and emergency responders play? What is the intersection between economies and disasters? And what climate change considerations need to be understood?

Teaching Case. Mobilizing Knowledge into Action: Best Practices in Responding to Urgent Refugee Health and Resettlement Service Needs Benlamri M et al. Mobilizing Knowledge into Action: Best Practices in Responding to Urgent Refugee Health and Resettlement Service Needs. Western Public Health Casebook. Public Health Casebook Publishing 2018. https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/publichealth/cases/Casebook%202018.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12852 This case study showcases the thoughts of a senior scientist at an organization focusing on a Best Practices in Refugee Health and Resettlement Services project. She seeks to understand the importance of mobilizing theoretical answers to complex issues and implementing them into subsequent action, specifically, implementing best practices to respond to urgent refugee resettlement needs. This case is most suitable for classroom discussions about refugee health and resettlement, integrated knowledge mobilization and knowledge exchange, best practices in health, and evidence-based health systems.

Online Learning. Human Rights: The Rights of Refugees Human Rights: The Rights of Refugees. Amnesty International, edX 2018. https://www.edx.org/course/human-rights-the-rights-of-refugees. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12412 In this free, self-paced edX course, developed by Amnesty International, students will learn about the human rights of refugees, as well as who is responsible for upholding and protecting those rights. Experts, campaigners, and activists from Amnesty International teach how to explain and defend the human rights of refugees; identify the role of governments in preventing human rights abuses against refugees; explore how to challenge misconceptions, prejudices, and discriminatory attitudes and behaviors faced by refugees and asylum seekers; and describe ways that individuals can act to safeguard the rights of people in need of international protection.

Online Learning. Humanitarian Response to Conflict and Disaster Humanitarian Response to Conflict and Disaster. HarvardX, edX 2018. https://www.edx.org/course/humanitarian-response-conflict-disaster-harvardx-ph558x-0. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12412 In this free, self-paced edX course, developed by Amnesty International, students will learn about the human rights of refugees, as well as who is responsible for upholding and protecting those rights. Experts, campaigners, and activists from Amnesty International teach how to explain and defend the human rights of refugees; identify the role of governments in preventing human rights abuses against refugees; explore how to challenge misconceptions, prejudices, and discriminatory attitudes and behaviors faced by refugees and asylum seekers; and describe ways that individuals can act to safeguard the rights of people in need of international protection.

Resource Pack: Migration and Complex Emergencies

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Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2018. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-climate-migration-and-health. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-climate-migration-and-health This resource pack on climate, migration, and health was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator. Materials cover key concepts about the complex nexus of climate change, migration, and health, as well as information about populations disproportionately affected by climate change and migration, like women, children, and the poor. This pack also includes resources that describe how climate and environmental changes exacerbate geopolitical tensions, food insecurity and undernutrition, internal displacement, and the spread of infectious disease.

The multidisciplinary materials may be suitable for students at the undergraduate college and public health graduate school levels. Learning objectives and supporting materials will vary depending on how the material is used in a course. Brief annotations provide a cursory summary, and within each section, dated publications are listed in chronological order.

Video. Migration and Health: The Health of the World on the Move Migration and Health: The Health of the World on the Move. The LancetTV 2018; Dec 5. [3:37] https://youtu.be/-efWKvVzats. This video from The Lancet shares the key findings of the UCL-Lancet Commission on migration and health.

Teaching Pack. Teaching Pack: Climate Change, Migration, and Health Teaching Pack: Climate Change, Migration, and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2018. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/teaching-pack-climate-change-migration-and-health. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/teaching-pack-climate-change-migration-and-health This teaching pack, developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University, challenges students to consider how climate-related events that accompany global warming impact population health and migration patterns worldwide, now and in the future. The pack includes an instructor’s note, two lesson plans, an annotated bibliography, and a glossary of terms. The pack is designed to help undergraduate and graduate students learn to approach climate change as a complex global issue with local ramifications.

Podcast. Famine and Conflict: The Unfolding Food Security Crisis Famine and Conflict: The Unfolding Food Security Crisis. Advanced Training Program on Humanitarian Action, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative 2017. http://atha.se/podcasts/famine-and-conflict-unfolding-food-security-crisis. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11949 This podcast from the Advanced Training Program on Humanitarian Action (ATHA) features six experts in global nutrition policies and humanitarian aid responses who consider the risk and reality of famine in four countries today: Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia, and Nigeria. Famine and food security crises in all four locations are linked to armed conflict. The 90-minute podcast discusses causes, responses, and the responsibilities that the donor, political, and humanitarian communities bear to prevent and avert these crises, which are directly related to increased global migration. With provided links to recommended readings, the podcast could also serve as a classroom module for student discussion at the graduate level in public health or humanitarian aid. ATHA is a program of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI)’s Humanitarian Academy at Harvard, through HHI’s Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research.

Resource Pack: Migration and Complex Emergencies

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Videos. Playlist (11 Talks): Refugees Welcome Playlist (11 Talks): Refugees Welcome. TED 2017. https://www.ted.com/playlists/294/refugees_welcome. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10869 This series of 10 short videos, curated by TED, explores the exploding global refugee crisis, which has been fueled by war and persecution across the world. Speakers describe the conflicts driving refugees from their homes, discuss the ways that refugees are treated as they move within and across borders, and share personal stories of their own experiences as refugees and asylum seekers.

Videos include:

• Let’s Help Refugees Thrive, Not Just Survive (Melissa Fleming, 2014) – 16:08 • My Desperate Journey with a Human Smuggler (Barat Ali Batoor, 2014) – 10:37 • Escaping the Khmer Rouge (Sophal Ear, 2009) – 5:57 • The Refugee Crisis Is a Test of Our Character (David Miliband, 2017) – 18:38 • My Immigration Story (Tan Le, 2011) – 12:36 • Refugees Have the Right to Be Protected (António Guterres, 2015) – 19:54 • My Father the Forger (Sarah Kaminsky, 2010) – 14:00 • On Humanity (Chris Abani, 2008) – 16:14 • My Escape From North Korea (Hyeonseo Lee, 2013) – 12:15 • The Story of a Girl (Rick Smolan, 2007) – 25:07 • Our Refugee System Is Failing. Here’s How We Can Fix It (Alexander Betts, 2016) – 18:09

Teaching Case. Sofi’s World: UNHCR’s East Africa Predicament Sofi’s World: UNHCR’s East Africa Predicament. Global Health Institute, Emory University 2011. http://www.globalhealth.emory.edu/what/student_programs/case_competitions/2011_cc.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10682 This fictional case asks readers to develop recommendations for Sofi Kannan, Director of Programming for the East Africa Regional Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Sofi's 2012 budget has been slashed by 40%, and she faces the daunting job of prioritizing programs for approximately 800,000 refugees with severely limited resources. How will she ensure continued good care for these populations? How will she decide which programs to support and which to cut?