Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience · roadblocks to disaster preparedness and...

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This resource type was originally developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University in 2018. It is used and distributed with permission by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. The Incubator’s educational materials are not intended to serve as endorsements or sources of primary data, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Harvard University. [Last updated: November 2019] This resource is licensed Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivs4.0Unported [email protected] 617-495-8222 Disaster Preparedness and Resilience Resource Pack 2019 Overview This resource pack was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University (GHELI) to support an upcoming Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. The multidisciplinary materials are suitable for educators, students, and policy makers wanting to learn about U.S. progress and roadblocks to disaster preparedness and resilience, contextualized in a broader global landscape of climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts. In addition to sharing information specific to the recent California wildfires, this resource pack also includes resources reflecting on lessons learned from Hurricanes Maria, Sandy, and Katrina. The Forum’s “Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change: A Governors Roundtable” event is described as follows: Hammered by unprecedented natural disasters, parts of the United States have coped with raging wildfires, catastrophic hurricanes, dangerous heat levels, blizzards and floods. In addition, climate change has introduced new risks and exacerbated existing problems, according to the National Climate Assessment. This Forum event will convene a dynamic panel of former governors, who will share their unique insights into the challenges of leadership and natural disasters. What does it take to prepare, respond and rebuild? What roles do the public, local and state officials and emergency responders play? What is the intersection between economies and disasters? And what climate change considerations need to be understood? The Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is a live webcasting series that provides decision- makers with a global platform to discuss policy choices and scientific controversies across the world. The Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University supports interdisciplinary education about world health through the production, curation, and dissemination of educational public goods. This resource pack includes: Reports and Books Articles and Briefs Data Portals, Publications, and Infographics Fact Sheets and Profiles Topic Portals Organizations Multimedia and News Teaching Material

Transcript of Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience · roadblocks to disaster preparedness and...

Page 1: Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience · roadblocks to disaster preparedness and resilience, contextualized in a broader global landscape of climate adaptation and disaster

This resource type was originally developed by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University in 2018. It is used and distributed with permission by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. The Incubator’s educational materials are not intended to serve as endorsements or sources of primary data, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Harvard University. [Last updated: November 2019]

This resource is licensed Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivs4.0Unported

[email protected] 617-495-8222

Disaster Preparedness and Resilience Resource Pack 2019

Overview This resource pack was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University (GHELI) to support an upcoming Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. The multidisciplinary materials are suitable for educators, students, and policy makers wanting to learn about U.S. progress and roadblocks to disaster preparedness and resilience, contextualized in a broader global landscape of climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts. In addition to sharing information specific to the recent California wildfires, this resource pack also includes resources reflecting on lessons learned from Hurricanes Maria, Sandy, and Katrina. The Forum’s “Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change: A Governors Roundtable” event is described as follows:

Hammered by unprecedented natural disasters, parts of the United States have coped with raging wildfires, catastrophic hurricanes, dangerous heat levels, blizzards and floods. In addition, climate change has introduced new risks and exacerbated existing problems, according to the National Climate Assessment. This Forum event will convene a dynamic panel of former governors, who will share their unique insights into the challenges of leadership and natural disasters. What does it take to prepare, respond and rebuild? What roles do the public, local and state officials and emergency responders play? What is the intersection between economies and disasters? And what climate change considerations need to be understood?

The Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is a live webcasting series that provides decision-makers with a global platform to discuss policy choices and scientific controversies across the world. The Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University supports interdisciplinary education about world health through the production, curation, and dissemination of educational public goods.

This resource pack includes:

• Reports and Books • Articles and Briefs • Data Portals, Publications, and Infographics • Fact Sheets and Profiles • Topic Portals • Organizations • Multimedia and News • Teaching Material

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Selected Resources *indicates resource listed in GHELI's online Repository

REPORTS AND BOOKS

* Report. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States. The National Academies Press 2019. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25381/framing-the-challenge-of-urban-flooding-in-the-united-states.

* Report. Fourth National Climate Assessment: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States Fourth National Climate Assessment: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States. U.S. Global Change Research Program 2018. https://nca2018.globalchange.gov.

*Report. Examining Challenges and Possible Strategies to Strengthen U.S. Health Security: Proceedings of a Workshop Examining Challenges and Possible Strategies to Strengthen U.S. Health Security: Proceedings of a Workshop. The National Academies Press 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24856.

* Report. A Framework for Healthcare Disaster Resilience: A View to the Future A Framework for Healthcare Disaster Resilience: A View to the Future. Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security 2018. http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/about-the-center/pressroom/press_releases/2018-02-22_framework-healthcare-disaster-resilience.html.

Report. What We Don’t Know About State Spending on Natural Disasters Could Cost Us What We Don’t Know About State Spending on Natural Disasters Could Cost Us. Pew Charitable Trusts 2018. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2018/06/19/what-we-dont-know-about-state-spending-on-natural-disasters-could-cost-us.

* Report. The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017 The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018. http://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources/documents/resources-detail/en/c/1106859.

Report. Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2017 Annual Report Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2017 Annual Report. Aon plc 2018. http://ir.aon.com/about-aon/investor-relations/investor-news/news-release-details/2018/Costliest-year-on-record-for-weather-disasters-with-USD344-billion-global-economic-loss-in-2017---Aon-catastrophe-report/default.aspx.

* Report. World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2018. https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/world-disaster-report-2018.

* Report. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement Goodwin-Gill GS, McAdam J. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2017. http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce4132,50ffbce413e,59413c7115,0,,,.html.

* Book. Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters Hallegatte S. Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters. The World Bank Group 2017. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25335.

Report. The Long Road Home: Understanding Sandy Recovery and Lessons for Future Storms Five Years Later The Long Road Home: Understanding Sandy Recovery and Lessons for Future Storms Five Years Later. New Jersey Research Project 2017. https://newjerseyrp.org/2018/06/07/sandy-recovery.

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Report. Rising to the Challenge, Together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field Moser SC, Coffee J, Seville A. Rising to the Challenge, Together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field. The Kresge Foundation 2017. https://kresge.org/library/rising-challenge-together-0.

* Report. No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee. United Nations Children’s Fund UK 2017. https://www.unicef.org.uk/publications/no-place-to-call-home.

Report. Puerto Rico Health Care Infrastructure Assessment: Site Visit Report Perreria K et al. Puerto Rico Health Care Infrastructure Assessment: Site Visit Report. Urban Institute 2017. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/puerto-rico-health-care-infrastructure-assessment-site-visit-report.

Report. The American Preparedness Project: Where the US Public Stands in 2015 Petkova EP et al. The American Preparedness Project: Where the US Public Stands in 2015. National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University’s Earth Institute 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7916/D84Q7TZN.

* Report. World Cities Report 2016 – Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures World Cities Report 2016 – Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2016. http://wcr.unhabitat.org.

* Report. Gender Responsive Risk Reduction and Rehabilitation Gender Responsive Risk Reduction and Rehabilitation. United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2015. http://unhabitat.org/books/gender-responsive-risk-reduction-and-rehabilitation.

* Report. The Hurricane Sandy Person Report: Disaster Exposure, Health Impacts, Economic Burden, and Social Well-Being Abramson DM et al. The Hurricane Sandy Person Report: Disaster Exposure, Health Impacts, Economic Burden, and Social Well-Being. National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University’s Earth Institute 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8ST7P3Q.

Report. New Orleans Ten Years After the Storm: The Kaiser Family Foundation Katrina Survey Project Hamel L, Firth J, Brodie M. New Orleans Ten Years After the Storm: The Kaiser Family Foundation Katrina Survey Project. Kaiser Family Foundation 2015. https://www.kff.org/other/report/new-orleans-ten-years-after-the-storm-the-kaiser-family-foundation-katrina-survey-project.

* Report. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: Strategies, Opportunities, and Planning for Recovery Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: Strategies, Opportunities, and Planning for Recovery. National Academies Press 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/18996.

Report. Building Regulation for Resilience: Managing Risks for Safer Cities Building Regulation for Resilience: Managing Risks for Safer Cities. The World Bank Group, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2015. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24438.

* Report. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. The National Academies Press 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/13457.

Report. Early Warning as a Human Right: Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards Early Warning as a Human Right: Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards. United Nations Environment Programme 2015. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7429/Early_Warning_as_a_Human_Right_1.pdf.

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ARTICLES AND BRIEFS

Article. How Community and Public Health Partnerships Contribute to Disaster Recovery and Resilience Acosta JD et al. How Community and Public Health Partnerships Contribute to Disaster Recovery and Resilience. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.130.

Article. Disaster Preparedness: Meeting the Needs of Children Blake N, Fry-Bowers EK. Disaster Preparedness: Meeting the Needs of Children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2018; 32(20): 207-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.12.003.

* Brief. Building Back Better: A Resilient Caribbean After the 2017 Hurricanes Wilkinson E, Twigg J, Few R. Building Back Better: A Resilient Caribbean After the 2017 Hurricanes. Overseas Development Institute 2018. https://www.odi.org/publications/11037-building-back-better-resilient-caribbean-after-2017-hurricanes.

* Article Series. The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management: From Preparedness to Recovery The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management: From Preparedness to Recovery. American Journal of Public Health 2017; 107(S2). http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/107/S2.

Brief. Public Health in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria Michaud J, Kates J. Public Health in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. Kaiser Family Foundation 2017. https://www.kff.org/other/issue-brief/public-health-in-puerto-rico-after-hurricane-maria.

Article. Preparing for the Next Harvey, Irma, or Maria—Addressing Research Gaps Shultz JM, Galea S. Preparing for the Next Harvey, Irma, or Maria—Addressing Research Gaps. New England Journal of Medicine 2017; 377: 1804-1806. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1712854.

Article. Creating Healthy Communities After Disasters Tuckson RV, Dzau VJ, Lurie N. Creating Healthy Communities After Disasters. New England Journal of Medicine 2017; 377: 1806-1808. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1711834.

* Article Collection. Superstorm Sandy Superstorm Sandy. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2016; 10(3). https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/disaster-medicine-and-public-health-preparedness/issue/57B8876AD0994C4AD1874CEC99E153FA.

DATA PORTALS, PUBLICATIONS, AND INFOGRAPHICS

* Data Portal. Displacement Tracking Matrix Displacement Tracking Matrix. International Organization for Migration. https://displacement.iom.int.

* Data Portal. Social Vulnerability Index Social Vulnerability Index. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://svi.cdc.gov.

* Data Portal. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters. National Centers for Environmental Information 2019. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/overview.

Data Interactive. National Health Security Preparedness Index National Health Security Preparedness Index. National Health Security Preparedness Index 2019. https://nhspi.org.

* Data Portal. INFORM: Index for Risk Management INFORM: Index for Risk Management. Inter-Agency Standing Committee, European Commission 2018. http://www.inform-index.org.

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* Data Publication. World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018 World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2018. http://interactive.unocha.org/publication/datatrends2018.

Data Publication. Global Disaster Displacement Risk: A Baseline for Future Work Global Disaster Displacement Risk: A Baseline for Future Work. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 2017. http://www.internal-displacement.org/library/publications/2017/global-disaster-displacement-risk-a-baseline-for-future-work.

Data Interactive. Infrastructure Super Map Infrastructure Super Map. American Society of Civil Engineers 2018. https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/infrastructure-super-map.

* Data Portal. 2017 Infrastructure Report Card 2017 Infrastructure Report Card. American Society of Civil Engineers 2018. https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org.

FACT SHEETS AND PROFILES

State Profiles. Health System Scorecards Health System Scorecards. The Commonwealth Fund 2019. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2019/jun/2019-scorecard-state-health-system-performance-deaths-suicide.

* Country Profiles. Country Profiles Country Profiles. INFORM. Inter-Agency Standing Committee, European Commission 2018. http://www.inform-index.org/Countries/Country-profiles.

* Country Profiles. Country Profiles: Environmental Performance Index 2018 Country Profiles: Environmental Performance Index 2018. Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy 2018. https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-countries.

TOPIC PORTALS

Topic Portal. Emergency Preparedness and Response Emergency Preparedness and Response. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://emergency.cdc.gov.

Topic Portal. Natural Disasters and Severe Weather Natural Disasters and Severe Weather. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/index.html.

Topic Portal. Risk and Resilience Risk and Resilience. Overseas Development Institute. https://www.odi.org/our-work/programmes/risk-and-resilience.

* Topic Portal. PreventionWeb PreventionWeb. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.preventionweb.net.

Topic Portal. Climate Change Adaptation Climate Change Adaptation. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.adaptation-undp.org.

Topic Portal. U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. https://toolkit.climate.gov.

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ORGANIZATIONS

Organization. Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency. https://www.fema.gov.

Organization. National Hurricane Center National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov.

Organization. 100 Resilient Cities 100 Resilient Cities. https://www.100resilientcities.org.

Organization. Platform on Disaster Displacement Platform on Disaster Displacement. https://disasterdisplacement.org.

* Organization. ReliefWeb ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://reliefweb.int.

* Organization. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://www.unocha.org.

* Organization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme United Nations Human Settlements Programme. http://unhabitat.org.

Organization. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.unisdr.org.

MULTIMEDIA AND NEWS

News. CityLab CityLab. https://www.citylab.com.

* News. 5 Lessons We Learned From the California Wildfires Arango T et al. 5 Lessons We Learned From the California Wildfires. The New York Times 2019; Nov 11. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/us/fires-california.html.

News. The U.S. Won’t Be Prepared for the Next Natural Disaster Canon G. The U.S. Won’t Be Prepared for the Next Natural Disaster. The Guardian 2019; Jan 18. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/18/natural-disaster-preparation-fema-hurricanes.

News. ‘Exodus’ from Puerto Rico: A Visual Guide Sutter JD, Hernandez S. ‘Exodus’ from Puerto Rico: A Visual Guide. CNN 2018; Feb 21. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/puerto-rico-migration-data-invs/index.html.

News. After Andrew, Florida Changed Its Approach to Hurricanes Alvarez L, Santora M. After Andrew, Florida Changed Its Approach to Hurricanes. The New York Times 2017; Sep 6. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/us/hurricane-andrew-miami.html.

Blog. From Katrina to Wildfires: Leveraging Technology in Disaster Response DeSalvo K, Petrin C. From Katrina to Wildfires: Leveraging Technology in Disaster Response. Health Affairs Blog 2017; Nov 17. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171113.545312/full.

News. Rethinking the ‘Infrastructure’ Discussion Amid a Blitz of Hurricanes Revkin A. Rethinking the ‘Infrastructure’ Discussion Amid a Blitz of Hurricanes. ProPublica 2017; Sep 13. https://www.propublica.org/article/rethinking-the-infrastructure-discussion-amid-a-blitz-of-hurricanes.

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News. 6 Rules for Rebuilding Infrastructure in an Era of ‘Unprecedented’ Weather Events Miller TR, Chester M. 6 Rules for Rebuilding Infrastructure in an Era of ‘Unprecedented’ Weather Events. The Conversation 2017; Sep 7. https://theconversation.com/6-rules-for-rebuilding-infrastructure-in-an-era-of-unprecedented-weather-events-83129.

Video. Building Regulation for Resilience Building Regulation for Resilience. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2016. https://youtu.be/cFEJJFsDpvI.

News. Whose Lives Should Be Saved? Researchers Ask the Public Fink S. Whose Lives Should Be Saved? Researchers Ask the Public. The New York Times 2016; Aug 21. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/whose-lives-should-be-saved-to-help-shape-policy-researchers-in-maryland-ask-the-public.html.

Podcast. Playing God Playing God. Radiolab 2016. http://www.radiolab.org/story/playing-god.

TEACHING MATERIAL

* Online Learning. Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change. The Forum. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 2019. https://theforum.sph.harvard.edu/events/unprecedented-natural-disasters-in-a-time-of-climate-change.

Case Studies. Case Studies Case Studies. U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. https://toolkit.climate.gov/#case-studies.

Game. Stop Disasters! Stop Disasters! United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. https://www.stopdisastersgame.org.

* Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2018. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-climate-migration-and-health.

Game. Extreme Event Game Extreme Event Game. Koshland Science Museum. National Academy of Science 2018. https://www.koshland-science-museum.org/extreme-event.

* Online Learning. Extreme Hurricanes: The Challenges for Puerto Rico and Beyond Extreme Hurricanes: The Challenges for Puerto Rico and Beyond. The Forum. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 2018; Mar 9. https://theforum.sph.harvard.edu/events/extreme-hurricanes.

Online Learning. Archived Webinar: Business and Health Security: The Bottom Line on Preparedness Archived Webinar: Business and Health Security: The Bottom Line on Preparedness. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2017. https://nhspi.org/business-health-security-webinar.

Lessons. Island in Crisis: Teaching About Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria Gonchar M. Island in Crisis: Teaching About Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria. The New York Times 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/04/learning/lesson-plans/island-in-crisis-teaching-about-puerto-rico-after-hurricane-maria.html.

Lesson. Lesson Plan: Climate Change and the 2017 Hurricane Season Lesson Plan: Climate Change and the 2017 Hurricane Season. PBS NewsHour Extra 2017. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/lessons-plans/lesson-plan-climate-change-and-the-2017-hurricane-season.

* Lesson. Puerto Rico’s Recovery After Hurricane Maria: Who is Responsible? Puerto Rico’s Recovery After Hurricane Maria: Who is Responsible? The Choices Program. Brown University 2017. http://www.choices.edu/teaching-news-lesson/puerto-ricos-recovery-hurricane-maria-responsible.

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Toolkit. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: A Discussion Toolkit Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: A Discussion Toolkit. National Academy of Sciences 2015. https://www.nap.edu/resource/18996/PDRtoolkit.pdf.

* Teaching Case. Hospitals Don’t Burn: Caribbean Island Regional Hospital Lippmann J, Janzen Le Ber M. Hospitals Don’t Burn: Caribbean Island Regional Hospital. Western Public Health Casebook. Public Health Casebook Publishing 2015. https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/publichealth/cases/Casebook2015.html.

* Teaching Case. Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (B) Giles D. Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (B). HKS Case No. 1961.0. Harvard Kennedy School Case Program 2012. http://case.hks.harvard.edu/moving-people-out-of-danger-special-needs-evacuations-from-gulf-coast-hurricanes-b.

* Teaching Case. Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (A) Giles D. Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (A). HKS Case No. 1943.0. Harvard Kennedy School Case Program 2011. http://case.hks.harvard.edu/moving-people-out-of-danger-special-needs-evacuations-from-gulf-coast-hurricanes-a.

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Annotated Bibliography

REPORTS AND BOOKS

Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States Report. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States. The National Academies Press 2019. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25381/framing-the-challenge-of-urban-flooding-in-the-united-states. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12972 This consensus study report, published by The National Academies Press (NAP), illuminates the social and economic impact of urban flooding in the U.S. Major freshwater flood events—from hurricanes like Superstorm Sandy (2012) and Hurricane Harvey (2017)—costed an average of $9 billion in direct damage from 2004 to 2014. This report draws on information from regional workshops seeking to find the causes and impacts of urban flooding in specific metropolitan areas. It identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas; provides an estimate of the size or importance of flooding in those areas; and relates causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies. The report’s recommendations call for better coordination across federal, state, and local agencies to manage urban floods more efficiently during the flood event, as well as increased investment in approaches that mitigate the social impacts of urban flooding.

Fourth National Climate Assessment: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States Report. Fourth National Climate Assessment: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States. U.S. Global Change Research Program 2018. https://nca2018.globalchange.gov. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12807 This report from the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) discusses climate change in the United States, with a focus on its impact on human welfare and society. It looks at the current impact of climate change, how Americans have responded, indicators of change, and projected changes. It explores the effect of climate change on a wide range of factors: natural environment, agriculture, energy, land and water resources, transportation, human health, human social systems, and biological diversity. The report disaggregates data by regions to explore climate trends based on location, and, where possible, illustrates climate risk reduction and resilience strategies with examples from communities across the U.S. The primary takeaway is that climate change affects the wellbeing of the U.S. economy, communities, natural resources, and infrastructure—and concerted, scaled up action is needed to avert some of the disastrous consequences of climate change. The report also includes a shorter version of the report and an briefer summary of findings for download.

Examining Challenges and Possible Strategies to Strengthen U.S. Health Security: Proceedings of a Workshop Report. Examining Challenges and Possible Strategies to Strengthen U.S. Health Security: Proceedings of a Workshop. The National Academies Press 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/24856. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12261 This report from the National Academies Press focuses on how health care and public health professionals can prepare for and respond to threats to U.S. health security. In this context, health security refers to efforts to prevent, mitigate, respond to, and recover from health consequences of disasters—natural, man-made, or technological. This report provides an overview of potential threats to U.S. health security and the stakeholders involved in protecting it. Underlying challenges include complex systems, competing priorities, challenges in defining goals and progress, a lack of resources, lack of understanding among influential stakeholders, poor institutional memory, and an overreliance on response. In addition to highlighting challenges, potential strategies to strengthen U.S. health security in the face of disasters include promoting shared learning, practicing strategies, building the evidence base for policy, and developing more rigorous financing mechanisms.

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A Framework for Healthcare Disaster Resilience: A View to the Future Report. A Framework for Healthcare Disaster Resilience: A View to the Future. Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security 2018. http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/about-the-center/pressroom/press_releases/2018-02-22_framework-healthcare-disaster-resilience.html. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12262 This report from the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security identifies policies for making the U.S. health sector more resilient to major disasters. Although the health sector has reasonable capacity to address small mass injuries or illness (e.g., tornadoes or small disease outbreaks), it is less prepared for large disasters or injury events (e.g., hurricanes and bombings), and poorly prepared for catastrophic disasters like pandemics and bioterrorism. To address these gaps, the authors recommend building a Culture of Resilience to nurture organizations traditionally uninvolved in public health preparedness; create geographically distributed, disaster resource hospitals that provide up-to-date training and expertise; support healthcare coalitions in preparedness work; and appoint a federal coordinator for catastrophic health preparedness.

What We Don’t Know About State Spending on Natural Disasters Could Cost Us Report. What We Don’t Know About State Spending on Natural Disasters Could Cost Us. Pew Charitable Trusts 2018. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2018/06/19/what-we-dont-know-about-state-spending-on-natural-disasters-could-cost-us. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13089 This report from Pew Charitable Trusts examines state-level expenditures on natural disaster assistance, which helps communities prepare for and recover from events like earthquakes, hurricanes, and wildfires. These efforts require close collaboration at state and federal levels, and federal spending on disaster assistance has rocketed in the last decade. This report addresses the state level, to assess how and where resources are allocated. The report highlights that most states do not comprehensively track disaster spending. Furthermore, state spending is highly variable, and states use a variety of approaches for sharing costs with local governments. The key takeaway remains that there is poor data collection across agencies and across states, which limits capacity to accurately and effectively deploy or redistribute disaster spending at local, state, and federal levels.

The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017 Report. The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018. http://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources/documents/resources-detail/en/c/1106859. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12761 This report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) looks at the impact of natural disasters, food chain crises and transboundary animal diseases, and conflict and protracted crises on agriculture and food and nutrition security. The study evaluates the quantitative economic impact of disasters on agriculture and on the livelihoods and food security of populations affected, particularly in developing countries over the past decade. Key themes addressed include the food security of populations; adoption of agricultural technologies; disaster impact on crops, livestock, fisheries, aquaculture, and forestry; strategies for resilience and sustainable agriculture; damage and loss assessment; rising food chain crises and transboundary animal diseases; and increasing conflicts and protracted crises. The report leverages specific case studies from Nepal, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and Syria to illustrate the challenges and potential of assessing damages and loss after disasters.

Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2017 Annual Report Report. Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2017 Annual Report. Aon plc 2018. http://ir.aon.com/about-aon/investor-relations/investor-news/news-release-details/2018/Costliest-year-on-record-for-weather-disasters-with-USD344-billion-global-economic-loss-in-2017---Aon-catastrophe-report/default.aspx. This report from global reinsurance intermediary Aon, evaluates the impact of natural disaster events that occurred in 2017. Of the 330 natural disaster events analyzed from 2017, 97 percent were due to weather-related events like hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones. Natural disasters generated economic losses of $353 billion, making 2017 the second-costliest year on record. In particular, the report estimates that 62 percent of the global economic damage from weather disasters came from Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria alone. Of the 31 billion-dollar disasters that occurred in 2017, 16 took place in the United States.

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World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind Report. World Disasters Report 2018: Leaving No One Behind. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2018. https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/world-disaster-report-2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12741 This report, published by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, describes the state of the world’s populations who are affected by disasters and crises. It identifies five key reasons why so many vulnerable people are being neglected or underserved by humanitarian programs: aid efforts have difficulty reaching individuals and groups that are “out of sight” (e.g. their births are not registered, they don’t have proof of identify, their geographic location is not known, or their needs are not recognized), “out of reach” (e.g. they live in places in which humanitarian actors are not adequately present or able to provide sufficient assistance), “out of the loop” (e.g. the elderly and persons with disabilities), or “out of scope” of the traditional humanitarian sector (e.g. irregular migrants or people suffering extreme urban violence); it also describes the underprioritized disasters that are “out of money” (e.g. underfunded crisis responses to small rapid-onset disasters, larger slow-onset disasters, and long-term complex emergencies). The report outlines clear recommendations to overcome these structural problems, calling for greater and more equitable funding as well as a more conscious, transparent approach to ensure the neediest are placed first in line for humanitarian assistance. The report can be downloaded in full or by individual chapter; an executive summary is also available.

UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement Report. Goodwin-Gill GS, McAdam J. UNHCR and Climate Change, Disasters, and Displacement. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2017. http://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce4132,50ffbce413e,59413c7115,0,,,.html. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12089 This report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) shares recommendations on its future institutional strategy on displacement in the context of disasters and climate change. The report examines the organization’s historical involvement addressing disaster displacement and interrogates questions about how climate change response fits into UNHCR’s primary responsibility to seek solutions for forcibly displaced individuals. The report outlines specific ways UNHCR can interact with the increasingly complex intersection of climate change, displacement, and security.

Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters Book. Hallegatte S. Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters. The World Bank Group 2017. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25335. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12263 This open-access book argues that the impoverishing effects of disasters mean that disaster risk management is “inseparable” from poverty reduction policies. It highlights how the focus on aggregate losses during a catastrophe, which is standard in disaster risk management, restricts analysis to individuals who are wealthy enough to have assets to lose in the first place. Taking a nuanced examination of poor people’s vulnerabilities during natural disasters, the author observes that policies emphasizing financial inclusion, insurance, social protection, contingent finance, and universal access to early warning systems are key to lessening the deep impacts of natural disaster.

The Long Road Home: Understanding Sandy Recovery and Lessons for Future Storms Five Years Later Report. The Long Road Home: Understanding Sandy Recovery and Lessons for Future Storms Five Years Later. New Jersey Research Project 2017. https://newjerseyrp.org/2018/06/07/sandy-recovery. This report from the New Jersey Research Project, in partnership with Rutgers and Stockton University researchers, presents the findings of the first community-based participatory research project about Hurricane Sandy, the most destructive storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season which caused immense damage to communities across the eastern United States. For many New Jersey families, limited and unresponsive state and federal programming, in tandem with bills and housing issues, have exacerbated the economic and health impacts of the hurricane. Ninety-eight percent of respondents experienced floodwater damage due to Sandy; even five years later, 22 percent of respondents indicated that they were still out of their homes. Beyond housing, the health and economic outcomes underscore need for action: More than 70 percent of respondents had experienced physical or mental health problems after Sandy, or

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worsening of a pre-existing condition. More than half of resident had trouble paying bills or affording food and gas since the storm. The report documents the events of the 2012 storm, the recovery, and the long-term effects on families and communities New Jersey, as well as policies and programs based on lessons learned that can help other communities affected by Sandy or other natural disasters.

Rising to the Challenge, Together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field Report. Moser SC, Coffee J, Seville A. Rising to the Challenge, Together: A Review and Critical Assessment of the State of the US Climate Adaptation Field. The Kresge Foundation 2017. https://kresge.org/library/rising-challenge-together-0. This report from the Kresge Foundation assesses U.S. climate adaption progress and offers solutions for improving climate adaptation and resilience moving forward. As climate impacts exacerbate the frequency and severity of natural disasters, fast-tracking climate mitigation and resilience efforts is integral to ensuring a livable, equitable, and sustainable future. The report indicates that the U.S. adaptation field currently lacks a shared vision and that current efforts run the risk of leaving small cities and rural areas behind. Furthermore, adaptation policy at the federal level is being dismantled and undermined, putting pressure on local efforts that also bear the burden of inconsistent and inadequate financing. The report authors provide a menu of policy options to address each of the key findings to collectively rise to the challenge of climate adaptation in the United States.

No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee Report. No Place to Call Home: Protecting Children’s Rights When Changing Climate Forces Them to Flee. United Nations Children’s Fund UK 2017. https://www.unicef.org.uk/publications/no-place-to-call-home. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12090 This report from the United Nations Children’s Fund UK (UNICEF UK) illustrates the aftermath and impact on children’s rights, when children are forced to flee home due to climate change. With 1 in 45 children on the move worldwide, events like extreme weather, rising sea levels, drought, and melting glaciers are some of the climate-related events increasing the pressure on children and their communities. The report argues that children’s rights must be centered in international and national climate, humanitarian, disaster risk reduction, development, and migration strategies.

Puerto Rico Health Care Infrastructure Assessment: Site Visit Report Report. Perreria K et al. Puerto Rico Health Care Infrastructure Assessment: Site Visit Report. Urban Institute 2017. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/puerto-rico-health-care-infrastructure-assessment-site-visit-report. This Urban Institute report analyzes the state of Puerto Rico’s health care infrastructure prior to Hurricane Maria. Because Puerto Rico was experiencing an economic decline and increased emigration of health professionals even prior to the hurricane, the report was designed to assess Puerto Ricans’ general access to health care, quality of care, and patient satisfaction with health care. Findings highlighted three themes for action: structural challenges, payment environment, and quality of care. Structural challenges included privatization of the island’s public health care system; the aging population in tandem with high rates of poverty and chronic conditions; economic instability in Puerto Rico; and the high cost of living on the island. Regarding the payment environment, interviewees described Medicaid funding in Puerto Rico as inadequate, and the payment environment often failed to take into account the high cost of living in Puerto Rico while determining eligibility for programs or coverage. Finally, interviewees noted a health professional shortage that has contributed to poorly coordinated care and long way times. The highest priority for the experts interviewed was addressing inequities in financing Puerto Rico’s Medicaid program as well as increasing Medicare payments in Puerto Rico.

The American Preparedness Project: Where the US Public Stands in 2015 Report. Petkova EP et al. The American Preparedness Project: Where the US Public Stands in 2015. National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University’s Earth Institute 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7916/D84Q7TZN. This report from the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University characterizes trends in the U.S. public’s perception of disaster preparedness and response, which may be useful for policymakers seeking to design evidence-based programming around disaster preparedness. More than a decade after 9/11, 83 percent of Americans report concern over future terrorist attacks. 67 percent of Americans express worry that climate change is contributing to more severe natural disasters, and more than a quarter believe that the country is not better prepared to handle

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natural disasters, ten years after Hurricane Katrina. Other report findings indicate gaps in American knowledge and preparedness of evacuation and emergency plans.

World Cities Report 2016 – Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures Report. World Cities Report 2016 – Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2016. http://wcr.unhabitat.org. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11491 This flagship report, published by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), analyzes twenty years of urban development data and shows how new forms of collaboration, urban planning, governance, financing, and learning can result in sustained positive changes for cities and those who live in them. The report identifies how the current urbanization model is failing to address contemporary challenges such as poverty, climate change, and insecurity, and presents a bold new urban agenda that emphasizes city-wide strategies that reinforce the relationship between urbanization and development. Statistical annexes, which are also available to download as editable spreadsheets, present detailed country- and city-specific data on numerous indicators over time. Also available are an abridged summary, downloadable chapters, and policy points and “quick facts” from the report.

Gender Responsive Risk Reduction and Rehabilitation Report. Gender Responsive Risk Reduction and Rehabilitation. United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2015. http://unhabitat.org/books/gender-responsive-risk-reduction-and-rehabilitation. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10944 This guide from the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) discusses the importance of urban risk reduction through interventions that advance equality and women’s empowerment. Cities experience large- and small-scale disasters that can pose great challenges to sustainable development. Natural and human-made disasters have enormous economic, social, and political impacts on human lives. These risks will increase as urban populations continue to grow. Disasters can present opportunities for transformative change to begin and advance more quickly because the vulnerabilities that emerge as a result of crisis or disaster are clearer and consensus may be obtained more quickly to mitigate vulnerabilities. Population displacements as a result of disasters further create new settlements that present opportunities for planning how municipalities or cities will be managed and planned to cope, in equitable ways, with population changes. Related resources include links to other publications in the “Gender Issue Guide” series and links to related volumes on gender themes.

The Hurricane Sandy Person Report: Disaster Exposure, Health Impacts, Economic Burden, and Social Well-Being Report. Abramson DM et al. The Hurricane Sandy Person Report: Disaster Exposure, Health Impacts, Economic Burden, and Social Well-Being. National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University’s Earth Institute 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8ST7P3Q. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12275 This report from the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University examines the health, economic, and social impacts of Hurricane Sandy on New Jersey residents. This “person report” focuses on the physical and mental health status and wellbeing of residents exposed to Sandy. The report finds that housing damage can be risk factor for poor health, very similar to the effect of poverty. In addition, New Jersey citizens exposed to mold were 2.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with asthma after the storm and report negative mental health. The analysis also indicates that children living in houses that experienced hurricane damage were at higher risk for psychological and emotional distress than children from homes that did not experience damage. The report highlights policy implications and responses to address each key finding as New Jersey residents continue to recover.

New Orleans Ten Years After the Storm: The Kaiser Family Foundation Katrina Survey Project Report. Hamel L, Firth J, Brodie M. New Orleans Ten Years After the Storm: The Kaiser Family Foundation Katrina Survey Project. Kaiser Family Foundation 2015. https://www.kff.org/other/report/new-orleans-ten-years-after-the-storm-the-kaiser-family-foundation-katrina-survey-project. This report from the Kaiser Family Foundation, in collaboration with NPR, focuses on findings from the most recent Katrina Survey Project, ten years after the storm. The report studies how individuals living in New Orleans feel about the progress the city has made about the last decade, as well as the challenges that still remain. Findings indicate that

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the racial gap between New Orleans’ White and African American residents have continued across economic opportunity, rebuilding efforts, health needs, and safety.

Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: Strategies, Opportunities, and Planning for Recovery Report. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: Strategies, Opportunities, and Planning for Recovery. National Academies Press 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/18996. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11036 This report provides guidance on responding and rebuilding the health, resilience, and sustainability of communities after disasters. The scope of the report is intentionally broad, with the aim of fostering the integration of health considerations into recovery decision making across a range of disciplines and stakeholder groups. Disasters often impact fundamental elements of a community—physical infrastructure, health and social services, social connectedness—that affect the health of its residents. Accordingly, the recovery period, with its attendant influx of resources and synchronization of planning processes, presents an important opportunity to redesign physical and social environments in a manner that will improve a community’s long-term health status while simultaneously reducing its vulnerability to future hazards.

Building Regulation for Resilience: Managing Risks for Safer Cities Report. Building Regulation for Resilience: Managing Risks for Safer Cities. The World Bank Group, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2015. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24438. This report underscores the role of building code regulations to mitigate the impact of disasters. Effective regulatory systems at the national level can help save lives and reduce destruction during disasters, which disproportionately impacts the world’s poor and marginalized. Over the last decade, high-income countries with advanced building code systems experienced 47 percent of disasters globally, but only experienced 7 percent of disaster fatalities. In contrast, more than 80 percent of the total life years lost in disasters over the last 30 years came from low- and middle-income countries. The report argues, however, that building regulation alone is not enough to address risks in low- and middle-income countries: Ineffective land use, poor building code administration and capacity, limited legislation, unaffordable compliance costs for poor, and corruption remain factors that hinder the potential of building code regulation in disaster risk reduction. The report offers both programmatic and policy recommendations to effectively leverage building codes to save lives and mitigate disasters.

Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative Report. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. The National Academies Press 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/13457. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12271 This National Academies Press landmark report addresses the urgency of addressing disaster resilience in the U.S. by 2030. As communities and the nation grapple with the fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental costs associated with disasters, it critical to focus on resilience—the capacity to plan for, absorb, recover from, and adapt to disasters. The report provides goals and performance metrics for national resilience; outlines areas for future work within policy, regulation, and research; and makes the case for anticipating—rather than reacting to—future disasters.

Early Warning as a Human Right: Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards Report. Early Warning as a Human Right: Building Resilience to Climate Related Hazards. United Nations Environment Programme 2015. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7429/Early_Warning_as_a_Human_Right_1.pdf. This report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) examines how access to information is a welfare right, looking at the issue through the case example of early warning systems, which help households respond to climate-related hazards. The report highlights how the world’s most vulnerable may not be able to receive or respond to a warning, and as such, meteorological and development practitioners must work together to improve both the technical and social aspects of early warning systems.

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ARTICLES AND BRIEFS

How Community and Public Health Partnerships Contribute to Disaster Recovery and Resilience Article. Acosta JD et al. How Community and Public Health Partnerships Contribute to Disaster Recovery and Resilience. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.130. This article describes the impact of collaboration between community-based organizations (CBOs) and public health departments to recover from natural disaster. Survey data was used to explore the structure and strength of these networks, how they were influenced by storm damage, and whether additional network connections were linked with better outcomes. Results found that CBOs provided public health services in impacted areas during natural disaster response and recovery, and new partnerships were formed to support this. The fluid nature of CBO collaboration can be molded to reach the needs of the community during critical periods of emergency, and aid in overall long-term recovery.

Disaster Preparedness: Meeting the Needs of Children Article. Blake N, Fry-Bowers EK. Disaster Preparedness: Meeting the Needs of Children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2018; 32(20): 207-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.12.003. This short article is about the impact that disasters can have on children under the age of 18 in the United States. It discusses the current level of preparedness and recommends having a preparedness strategy in place at both the national and community levels. This strategy would make preparedness an integrated part of the health care system while better preparing key specialists such as pediatric nurses and first responders at the community level.

Building Back Better: A Resilient Caribbean After the 2017 Hurricanes Brief. Wilkinson E, Twigg J, Few R. Building Back Better: A Resilient Caribbean After the 2017 Hurricanes. Overseas Development Institute 2018. https://www.odi.org/publications/11037-building-back-better-resilient-caribbean-after-2017-hurricanes. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12265 This brief from the Overseas Development Institute examines how gathered knowledge from previous disasters and recovery efforts can help with decision making as the Caribbean recovers from Hurricanes Irma and Maria. It calls for a long-term outlook and more thoughtful reflection when deciding which actions are needed. It argues that understanding historical and cultural factors is critical to this process of increasing disaster resilience in the region.

The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management: From Preparedness to Recovery Article Series. The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management: From Preparedness to Recovery. American Journal of Public Health 2017; 107(S2). http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/107/S2. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12267 This special issue of the American Journal of Public Health contains 17 articles on the topic of public health preparedness. Articles come from a variety of sectors, including academia, public health departments, national agencies, and private organizations, and highlight the key role public health agencies, health care systems, and communities play in protecting the nation’s public health. The articles span the areas of policy, practice, and research that relate to a number of public health disasters or outbreaks:

• From Anthrax to Zika: Fifteen Years of Public Health Emergency Preparedness • Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management From Preparedness to Response and Recovery:

Introduction and Contents of the Volume • Public Health Disasters: Be Prepared • Science in Emergency Response at CDC: Structure and Functions • The Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management as a Field of Practice • A Child’s Health Is the Public’s Health: Progress and Gaps in Addressing Pediatric Needs in Public Health

Emergencies • Project Public Health Ready: History and Evolution of a Best Practice for Public Health Preparedness Planning • Applying the 15 Public Health Emergency Preparedness Capabilities to Support Large-Scale Tuberculosis

Investigations in Complex Congregate Settings

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• Funding Public Health Emergency Preparedness in the United States • How Health Department Contextual Factors Affect Public Health Preparedness (PHP) and Perceptions of the 15

PHP Capabilities • Promoting Community Preparedness and Resilience: A Latino Immigrant Community–Driven Project Following

Hurricane Sandy • Public Health Preparedness Funding: Key Programs and Trends From 2001 to 2017 • Emergency Preparedness in the Workplace: The Flulapalooza Model for Mass Vaccination • 2015 Pandemic Influenza Readiness Assessment Among US Public Health Emergency Preparedness Awardees • Progress in Public Health Emergency Preparedness—United States, 2001–2016 • Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER): An Innovative Emergency

Management Tool in the United States • Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER): An Innovative Emergency

Management Tool in the United States • Public Health System Research in Public Health Emergency Preparedness in the United States (2009–2015):

Actionable Knowledge Base • Improvements in State and Local Planning for Mass Dispensing of Medical Countermeasures: The Technical

Assistance Review Program, United States, 2007–2014 • A Conceptual Framework for the Evaluation of Emergency Risk Communications

Public Health in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria Brief. Michaud J, Kates J. Public Health in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. Kaiser Family Foundation 2017. https://www.kff.org/other/issue-brief/public-health-in-puerto-rico-after-hurricane-maria. This brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation reports on the status of health in Puerto Rico in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. Immediate impacts included physical injury or death, while medium and long-term impacts include limited access to safe food, water, and infrastructure; increased risk of infectious diseases; and increased risk of mental health issues. The brief elaborates on these and other categories of health outcomes, even providing data when possible about how the situation evolved rapidly in the weeks after the hurricane.

Preparing for the Next Harvey, Irma, or Maria—Addressing Research Gaps Article. Shultz JM, Galea S. Preparing for the Next Harvey, Irma, or Maria—Addressing Research Gaps. New England Journal of Medicine 2017; 377: 1804-1806. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1712854. This article explores disaster preparation and impact of Hurricane Harvey, Irma, and Maria to highlight differences in preparedness and consequences. It elucidates a wide range of barriers in creating interventions to address gaps in disaster preparation, including access to resources and sporadic focus of the media. This article maintains that while we have learned much from Harvey and Irma, more action can be taken to ensure better protection against natural disasters.

Creating Healthy Communities After Disasters Article. Tuckson RV, Dzau VJ, Lurie N. Creating Healthy Communities after Disasters. New England Journal of Medicine 2017; 377: 1806-1808. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1711834. This article discusses the effect of natural disasters on health and wellness. It asserts that despite the financial investment in disaster recovery, communities are not as healthy as they should be. The report offers many recommendations to bridge these gaps in the public health sector: creating clinical and stakeholder partnerships, assessing the needed resources for a maximally healthy community, and analyzing and delivering existing community health assessments during disaster response.

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Superstorm Sandy Article Collection. Superstorm Sandy. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2016; 10(3). https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/disaster-medicine-and-public-health-preparedness/issue/57B8876AD0994C4AD1874CEC99E153FA. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12269 This comprehensive issue of the journal, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, explores on the public health, health care, disaster response impacts of Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Selected articles from the issue include:

• Investigating the Public Health Impact of Hurricane Sandy • Hurricane Sandy Recovery Science: A Model for Disaster Research • Superstorm Sandy: Lessons for Optimizing Limited Training Resources for Local Impact • New York State Public Health System Response to Hurricane Sandy: An Analysis of Emergency Reports • What Happened to Our Environment and Mental Health as a Results of Hurricane Sandy? • Hospital Evacuation and Shelter-in-Place: Who is Responsible for Decision-Making? • Study Design and Results of a Population-Based Study on Perceived Stress Following Hurricane Sandy • Prehospital Indicators for Disaster Preparedness and Response: New York City Emergency Medical Services in

Hurricane Sandy • Geographic Distribution of Disaster-Specific Emergency Department Use After Hurricane Sandy in New York

City • Vulnerable, But Why? Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Older Adults Exposed to Hurricane Sandy • Examining Public Health Workers’ Perceptions Toward Participating in Disaster Recovery After Hurricane

Sandy: A Quantitative Assessment • Observation Services Linked With an Urgent Care Center in the Absence of an Emergency Department: An

Innovative Mechanism to Initiate Efficient Health Care Delivery in the Aftermath of a Natural Disaster • Spatial Shift in the Utilization of Mental Health Services After Hurricane Sandy Among New York City Residents

Enrolled in Medicaid • Perceived Service Needed After Hurricane Sandy in a Representative Sample of Survivors: The Roles of

Community-Level Damage and Individual-Level Stressors • Crisis Decision-Making During Hurricane Sandy: An Analysis of Established and Emergent Disaster Response

Behaviors in the New York Metro Area • New York State Public Health System Response to Hurricane Sandy: Lessons From the Field • Impact on Primary Care Access Post-Disaster: A Case Study From the Rockaway Peninsula • Freestanding Emergency Critical Care During the Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy: Implications for Disaster

Preparedness and Response • Food and Waterborne Disease in the Greater New York City Area Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012 • Effectiveness of Using Cellular Phones to Transmit Real-Time Shelter Morbidity Surveillance Data After

Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey, October to November, 2012

DATA PUBLICATIONS, PORTALS, AND INTERACTIVES

Displacement Tracking Matrix Data Portal. Displacement Tracking Matrix. International Organization for Migration. https://displacement.iom.int. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12840 This data portal from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) tracks and displays the migration incidents occurring around the world. The interactive map allows users to select countries and track internal migration events caused by natural hazards, conflicts, or other political and economic reasons. Thus far, the IOM has tracked nearly 24 million displaced persons globally, and the number continues to rise. Alongside the interactive map are links to reports, data sets, and information about the IOM and its work.

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Social Vulnerability Index Data Portal. Social Vulnerability Index. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://svi.cdc.gov. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12716 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index uses data from the U.S. Census to describe the extent to which communities are prepared to recover from environmental hazards or natural or human-caused disasters. Social vulnerability is defined by 15 social factors found to weaken a community's resilience to health-related stresses, including social and economic resources, household composition, housing, and transportation. The data is frequently used to assess the vulnerability of specific U.S. communities to climate change or environmental events. Raw Census tract data is available for download, and also presented in the form of maps that can be used to assist public health departments, government officials, and emergency personnel prepare for and respond to emergency events.

Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters Data Portal. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters. National Centers for Environmental Information 2019. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/overview. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12264 This data portal from the National Centers for Environmental Information tracks severe weather and climate events that have had the largest economic impact on the United States over the past four decades. Since 1980, 254 disasters costing over $1 billion dollars have occurred on U.S. soil, with total costs reaching over $1.7 trillion. Yearly data on disaster frequency and estimates of disaster costs are provided in this portal, both overall and by state using information from the National Weather Service, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Interagency Fire Center, U.S. Army Corps, individual state emergency management agencies, state and regional climate centers, media reports, and insurance estimates.

National Health Security Preparedness Index Data Interactive. National Health Security Preparedness Index. National Health Security Preparedness Index 2019. https://nhspi.org. The National Health Security Preparedness Index uses data from various sources to provide a comprehensive summary of health protections in the United States, both overall and by state. Yearly data is provided since 2013 and includes information on numerous preparedness domains, including health security surveillance, community planning and engagement, incident and information management, healthcare delivery, countermeasure management, and environmental and occupational health.

INFORM: Index for Risk Management Data Portal. INFORM: Index for Risk Management. Inter-Agency Standing Committee, European Commission 2018. http://www.inform-index.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12774 INFORM (Index for Risk Management) is an open source risk assessment data portal for humanitarian crises and disasters, designed to aid conversations about prevention, preparedness and response. INFORM’s Global Risk Index (GRI)s identifies where and why a crisis may occur using 50 different indicators including natural hazards, vulnerability, socio-economic factors, and infrastructure. Risk components factored into the GRI analysis include natural disasters, socioeconomic factors such as inequality and aid dependency, and institutional and infrastructural capacity such as built environment and access to health care. In addition to exploring the 2018 update report, Shared Evidence for Managing Crises and Disasters, the data portal allows users to navigate additional INFORM publications, interactive maps, and country risk profiles for 191 countries. Each profile includes an analysis from 5 different lenses—risk dimensions and components, risk indicators, trends, global peers, and region and income group context. Individuals can also view the organization’s methodology and subnational models, which detail risks and their contributing underlying factors across a single world region or country.

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World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018 Data Publication. World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2018. http://interactive.unocha.org/publication/datatrends2018. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12831 This data publication from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) focuses on global and national trends in humanitarian crises and assistance. According to the report, humanitarian crises are increasing in both number and in length. The trends and appeals for aid in humanitarian crises are displayed, along with case studies on the evolution of protracted crises, attacks on education, and attacks on healthcare. Also included with this data publication is the full report, highlights, global trends, data, visuals, and past reports.

Global Disaster Displacement Risk: A Baseline for Future Work Data Publication. Global Disaster Displacement Risk: A Baseline for Future Work. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre 2017. http://www.internal-displacement.org/library/publications/2017/global-disaster-displacement-risk-a-baseline-for-future-work. This report from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre was issued to help decision-makers take actions to prevent populations' risk of displacement before major disasters take place, rather than relying solely on traditional response efforts. Using data from 204 countries and territories, the IDMC estimates that disaster events will displace an average of 13.9 million people per year, with most displacement expected to be due to flooding. In addition to providing projections on the risk of displacement related to sudden-onset disasters, relevant policy implications are discussed and recommendations for action are proposed.

Infrastructure Super Map Data Interactive. Infrastructure Super Map. American Society of Civil Engineers 2018. https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/infrastructure-super-map. This interactive map from the American Society of Civil Engineers graphically describes state-level infrastructure in the U.S. in relation to 18 domains: aviation, bridges, bridge funding, dams, dams with eaps, drinking water, energy, hazardous waste, inland waterways, levees, ports, public parks, rail, roads, road costs, schools, transit, and wastewater. Within each domain, a grade is provided to indicate whether the nation's existing infrastructure within each domain is fit for the future, adequate for current needs, mediocre and requiring more attention, or poor and at risk of failure. For more information on specific domains and grades, see the full 2017 Infrastructure Report Card.

2017 Infrastructure Report Card Data Portal. 2017 Infrastructure Report Card. American Society of Civil Engineers 2018. https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12270 The Infrastructure Report Card is a publication produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers every four years to rate the quality of the infrastructure in America, including roads, public parks, transportation (e.g. aviation, rail, ground transit), schools, water, energy, and sanitation. A letter grade is assigned to the U.S. overall and state by state taking into account various criteria: the physical condition of the nation's existing infrastructure, the extent to which it meets the population's demands, government funding in relation to current and future needs, operation and management, public safety, the use of innovative approaches to improvements, and the degree to which the nation's current systems are able to prevent and respond to large-scale threats. In 2017, the U.S. received a grade of D+ indicating that the infrastructure is in poor condition with many areas of the system deteriorating and facing a risk of failure.

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FACT SHEETS AND PROFILES

Health System Scorecards State Profiles. Health System Scorecards. The Commonwealth Fund 2019. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2019/jun/2019-scorecard-state-health-system-performance-deaths-suicide. This profile from The Commonwealth Fund provides a series of annual scorecards on local health system performance in United States communities. It explores performance benchmarks through 40 measures in health care access, quality, avoidable hospital use and costs, health outcomes, and health care equity. This data explores trends in variation within communities and across states to provide recommendations in improving the overall health of the nation.

Country Profiles: INFORM Index for Risk Management 2018 Data Portal. INFORM: Index for Risk Management. Inter-Agency Standing Committee, European Commission 2018. http://www.inform-index.org. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12775 These downloadable country profiles from INFORM (Index for Risk Management) contain in-depth information on risk of humanitarian crises in a country across three dimensions: hazard and exposure to natural and human disasters, socioeconomic vulnerability, and lack of institutional and infrastructural coping capacity. The profiles also provide trends in risk over time, highlight the most pressing risk indicators for each country, and compare each country to its “global peers” which share a similar risk value. Individuals can additionally see how each country’s risk value compares with the risk value of the region and of other countries in the same income group.

Country Profiles: Environmental Performance Index 2018 Country Profiles. Country Profiles: Environmental Performance Index 2018. Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy 2018. https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-countries. These country profiles from the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) rank 180 countries on 24 indicators across ten issue categories on environmental health and ecosystem vitality. Issues categories include air quality, water and sanitation, heavy metals, biodiversity and habitat, forests, fisheries, climate and energy, and climate and energy. Each country profile provides a demographic overview of the country, as well as a visual representation of the country’s environmental action. The country profiles are also available for download, and accompany the 2018 EPI Report. The EPI is produced jointly by Yale University and Columbia University in collaboration with the World Economic Forum.

TOPIC PORTALS

Emergency Preparedness and Response Topic Portal. Emergency Preparedness and Response. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://emergency.cdc.gov. This portal from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) helps individuals as well as emergency health professionals prepare themselves for potential disaster situations. It includes guidelines for sheltering in place, calling for help in the case of a traumatic event, and helping children cope. There are also resources for specific types of disasters including disease outbreaks, natural disasters and sever weather, and bioterrorism.

Natural Disasters and Severe Weather Topic Portal. Natural Disasters and Severe Weather. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/index.html. This portal from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides resources for preparedness in natural disaster or sever weather events. It includes guidelines for staying safe in earthquakes, extreme heat, floods, hurricanes, landslides and mudslides, lightning, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanic events, wildfires, and winter weather. Information for specific groups of the population including older adults, children, and people with disabilities are also available.

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Risk and Resilience Topic Portal. Risk and Resilience. Overseas Development Institute. https://www.odi.org/our-work/programmes/risk-and-resilience.

This portal from the Overseas Development Institute provides access to publications, projects, and events related to policy-driven research on reducing vulnerability to emerging risks and achieving a sustainable future. Publications cover a very broad range of topics, including everything from disaster insurance to food insecurity to forced migration. Ongoing and completed projects largely focus on resilience and recovery after disaster events.

PreventionWeb PreventionWeb. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.preventionweb.net. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12843 PreventionWeb is a platform for curating and sharing data, resources, and other information on disaster risk reduction (DRR)—the policy objective of anticipating and reducing risk. The platform, managed by the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), provides a comprehensive introduction to understanding concepts and trends in DRR, organizing them by theme and by hazard. Types of resources available for users include data and statistics, resource guides, research briefs, reports, and more.

Climate Change Adaptation Topic Portal. Programme Climate Change Adaptation. United Nations Development. http://www.adaptation-undp.org. This portal from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) shares information about climate change adaptation projects happening around the world, especially six signature programs. These programs relate to agriculture and food security, water access and safety, disaster risk reduction, and more. The portal also provides access to training resources, toolkits, and reports related to climate change adaptation.

U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit Topic Portal. U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. https://toolkit.climate.gov. This toolkit provides a number of resources for individuals and communities to achieve climate security. It features a step by step procedure with the following five components: explore hazards, assess vulnerability and risks, investigate options, prioritize and plan, and take action. Each step is accompanied by a short video explanation and elaborated written instructions.

ORGANIZATIONS

Federal Emergency Management Agency Organization. Federal Emergency Management Agency. https://www.fema.gov. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, tasked with coordinating the response to disasters that have occurred in the U.S. and have overwhelmed local and state authorities. The agency provides on-the-ground support for disaster recovery, as well as funding for rebuilding efforts, relief funds for infrastructure, and preparedness training for future disasters.

National Hurricane Center Organization. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov. The National Hurricane Center—a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—aims to save lives, reduce property loss, and improve economic efficiency through high-equality warnings, forecasts, and analyses of hazardous tropical weather. In addition to timely data and forecasting, the National Hurricane Center also shares hurricane-related educational resources for the public and students.

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100 Resilient Cities Organization. 100 Resilient Cities. https://www.100resilientcities.org. 100 Resilient Cities, pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation, helps cities worldwide become more resilient to emerging physical, social, and economic challenges. The organization focuses on resilience related to not only to natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes, but also the stresses that impact city wellbeing, from unemployment and poor public transit, to endemic violence or chronic food shortages. The organization helps member cities with financial and logistical guidance for establishing a

Platform on Disaster Displacement Organization. Platform on Disaster Displacement. https://disasterdisplacement.org. The Platform on Disaster Displacement is a state-led institution charged with the protection needs of people displaced in the context of disasters and climate change. The Platform offers states a toolbox to prevent and prepare for displacement before a disaster, as well as better approaches to navigate and respond to situations when disaster displacement does occur. The Platform on Disaster Displacement’s strategic priorities include addressing knowledge and data gaps, expanding use of effective practices, mainstreaming human mobility challenges, and promote policy in gap areas.

ReliefWeb Organization. ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://reliefweb.int. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12117 This portal of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) provides the latest information on disasters and global crises to help humanitarian workers plan effective, informed responses. The portal includes reports, maps, infographics, and is also a resource for training programs and job listings in the humanitarian field. Information can be searched by individual country, type of disaster, organizations, or related topics. Focused topics include health; safety and security; humanitarian financing; gender; refugees/migrant emergencies in Europe and Southeast Asia; humanitarian crises in Southern, Central, and Eastern Africa; and famine. The portal also hosts ReliefWeb Labs, with projects about emerging opportunities to improve humanitarian information delivery, the ReliefWeb Blog, with short stories on specific ideas and projects, and headline news from around the world.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Organization. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://www.unocha.org. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11320 The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is the part of the United Nations Secretariat responsible for bringing together humanitarian actors to ensure a coherent response to emergencies. OCHA's mission is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors in order to alleviate suffering in disasters and emergencies; advocate the rights of people in need; promote preparedness and prevention; facilitate sustainable solutions. OCHA’s Strategic Plan presents their overarching goals and strategic objectives. You can find additional information in the media resources, including statements, speeches, key messages, and reports.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme Organization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. http://unhabitat.org. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/11369 The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) was mandated by the U.N. General Assembly in 1978 to address the issues of urban growth and is currently active in over 70 countries around the world. It is the United Nations program to promote socially and environmentally sustainable human settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for all, and has been working in human settlements throughout the world, including villages, towns, and cities of all sizes. UN-Habitat manages its work through its headquarters (the UN-Habitat Secretariat) in Nairobi, Kenya, four regional offices, one for Latin America and the Caribbean in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, one for Asia and the Pacific in Fukuoka, Japan, one for the Arab States in Cairo, Egypt, and one for Africa also based in Nairobi, Kenya. UN-Habitat also has several liaison and information offices around the world (New York, Geneva,

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Brussels, Beijing) whose task is to create and maintain links with key governments and other multilateral organizations or development agencies.

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Organization. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.unisdr.org. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) is the central point in the United Nations system for coordinating disaster reduction activities. It is the dedicated secretariat that facilitates=-0987implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Disaster risk reduction aims to reduce disaster risks through efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters, like reducing hazard exposure, decreasing vulnerability of people and land, managing the environment wisely, and improving preparedness. UNISDR coordinates global and regional platforms for risk reduction, campaigns for resilient and safe communities, advocates for climate change adaptation and gender-sensitive programming, and expands the evidence base associated with disaster risk reduction and resilience.

MULTIMEDIA AND NEWS

CityLab News. CityLab. https://www.citylab.com. CityLab explores current issues in major cities through analyses, reporting, and visual storytelling. It focuses on five areas: design, transportation, environment, equity, and life. The site also includes a repository of resources on best ideas and stories in urbanization. Overall, this site aims to share ideas on how to collaboratively combat pressing issues in urban areas.

5 Lessons We Learned From the California Wildfires News. Arango T et al. 5 Lessons We Learned From the California Wildfires. The New York Times 2019; Nov 11. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/us/fires-california.html. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13090 This article from The New York Times describes lessons from the October 2019 wildfires in California. The article highlights that this year’s fires have been less destructive and deadly compared with the 2017 and 2018 fires, a product of preparation and luck. This fire season, three power companies used intentional blackouts to prevent wildfires from their equipment—however, this did not completely prevent equipment from starting wildfires and left as many as three million people without power. Finally, the article underscores the role of climate change in exacerbating the fires, through the combination of drier vegetation, more severe winds, and California’s failing power infrastructure.

The U.S. Won’t Be Prepared for the Next Natural Disaster News. Canon G. The U.S. Won’t Be Prepared for the Next Natural Disaster. The Guardian 2019; Jan 18. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/18/natural-disaster-preparation-fema-hurricanes. This article from The Guardian describes the consequences of failing to invest in disaster mitigation. According to a recent study, every dollar spent on disaster mitigation saves the country $6 in future disaster costs. In the U.S., however, the federal government has been forced to spend billions on disaster recovery costs. Some experts share that too much pressure is placed on the federal government, when most disaster preparation should happen at state and local levels. The article describes the challenges cash-strapped localities face in drafting, maintaining, and even following their proposed disaster mitigation plans in the context of other priorities.

‘Exodus’ from Puerto Rico: A Visual Guide News. Sutter JD, Hernandez S. ‘Exodus’ from Puerto Rico: A Visual Guide. CNN 2018; Feb 21. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/puerto-rico-migration-data-invs/index.html. This news article from CNN illustrates where Puerto Ricans migrated after Hurricane Maria. In an attempt to quantify the number of people that left Puerto Rico after Maria, the authors examined reports showing that 179,000 airline passengers left Puerto Rico for the United States; that 10,600 applications for FEMA aid were filed; that there were 11,500 new Puerto Rican enrollments in Florida schools; and that 6,600 address changes had been made to U.S.

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locations. This news article also notes that while Florida was the top destination, migrants have moved to every state in the U.S. Through infographics and visuals, this article aims to quantify the exodus of migrants from Puerto Rico.

After Andrew, Florida Changed Its Approach to Hurricanes News. Alvarez L, Santora M. After Andrew, Florida Changed Its Approach to Hurricanes. The New York Times 2017; Sep 6. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/us/hurricane-andrew-miami.html. This news article explores changes in storm response after Hurricane Andrew. These changes included passing laws that required many public spaces to have generators, and approving building codes to create buildings better able to withstand high winds. Beyond this, individual residents bought hurricane-impactwindows, hurricane shutters, and hurricane resistant roofs. Hurricane Andrew also catalyzed changes in the emergency response system, such as expanding resources in rescue vehicles and team trainings. These public health emergency response changes have helped to prepare Floridians for hurricanes such as Hurricane Irma.

From Katrina to Wildfires: Leveraging Technology in Disaster Response Blog. DeSalvo K, Petrin C. From Katrina to Wildfires: Leveraging Technology in Disaster Response. Health Affairs Blog 2017; Nov 17. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171113.545312/full. This blog post in Health Affairs explores how data and technology can be used to help vulnerable populations during natural disasters. The authors highlight the role of the 2015 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in spurring use of electronic data use and access. These technological advancements include patient portals, health information exchanges, and geomapping technology. One technology, emPOWER, was piloted in New Orleans in 2013 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and designed to use Medicare claims data to respond to people with electricity-dependent medical equipment during emergency. While there has been significant progress in data and information technology to disaster response, this blog explores five recommendations to strengthen preparedness and response: protecting consumers, supporting consumer access to data, expanding emPOWER, incorporating patient values into digital supports, and supporting local public health infrastructure.

Rethinking the ‘Infrastructure’ Discussion Amid a Blitz of Hurricanes News. Revkin A. Rethinking the ‘Infrastructure’ Discussion Amid a Blitz of Hurricanes. ProPublica 2017; Sep 13. https://www.propublica.org/article/rethinking-the-infrastructure-discussion-amid-a-blitz-of-hurricanes. This news article in ProPublica explores the role of the government in preventing hurricane damage and promoting resilience. This involves investing in infrastructure and redesigning institutions. While acknowledging the challenges of federal guidance, this article highlights the importance of government intervention in decision-making for disaster preparation.

6 Rules for Rebuilding Infrastructure in an Era of ‘Unprecedented’ Weather Events. News. Miller TR, Chester M. 6 Rules for Rebuilding Infrastructure in an Era of ‘Unprecedented’ Weather Events. The Conversation 2017; Sep 7. https://theconversation.com/6-rules-for-rebuilding-infrastructure-in-an-era-of-unprecedented-weather-events-83129. This news article, published in The Conversation, conveys six rules for to rebuilding after a natural disaster: proactive maintenance, investment in institutions, designing for climate change, managing infrastructure and interconnected and interdependent, creating flexible infrastructure, and designing infrastructure for everyone. These guidelines can aid policy makers in meeting the needs of communities by changing the perspective on how infrastructure is operated and designed.

Building Regulation for Resilience Video. Building Regulation for Resilience. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2016. https://youtu.be/cFEJJFsDpvI. This video shares methods for improving building regulation implementation and compliance in countries that are vulnerable to natural disasters. It suggests that building codes and last use planning can help to improve health and safety.

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Whose Lives Should Be Saved? Researches Ask the Public News. Fink S. Whose Lives Should Be Saved? Researches Ask the Public. The New York Times 2016; Aug 21. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/22/us/whose-lives-should-be-saved-to-help-shape-policy-researchers-in-maryland-ask-the-public.html. This news article from The New York Times explores important topics in public health response during natural disasters. With the overarching theme of decision-making during difficult times, these topics include who should be saved first and how rations should be shared. Overall, this article explores the ethical dilemmas that become reality during natural disasters.

Playing God Podcast. Playing God. Radiolab 2016. http://www.radiolab.org/story/playing-god. This podcast by Radiolab discusses public health decisions that happen during natural disasters. New York Times reporter, Sheri Fink, explores the ethical dilemmas that occur when humans must play god during both wars and natural disasters.

TEACHING MATERIAL

The Forum – Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change Online Learning. Unprecedented Natural Disasters in a Time of Climate Change. The Forum. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 2019. https://theforum.sph.harvard.edu/events/unprecedented-natural-disasters-in-a-time-of-climate-change. GHELI repository link: https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/13091 This webcast seminar from The Forum at the T.H. Chan School of Public Health explored how climate change has introduced new risks and exacerbated problems associated with natural disasters in the U.S. This Forum examined the role policymakers at local and state levels play in preparing for, responding to, and rebuilding after natural disasters. This Forum was presented jointly with Reuters.

Also see:

• Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience, Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University

The Forum at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is a live webcasting series that provides decision-makers with a global platform to discuss policy choices and scientific controversies across the world. Through collaboration with major media outlets, The Forum facilitates discussion with expert panelists, and aims to bridge the gap between science and policy decision-making for the pressing health issues that affect populations worldwide.

Case Studies: U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit Case Studies. Case Studies. U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit. https://toolkit.climate.gov/#case-studies. This portal from the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit gives users access to over 100 case studies on building climate resilience in the United States. Users can view the geographic distribution of cases on an interactive map, get more information about each case in a pop-up display, and access the full text of each case. The topics of the cases span everything from water and built environment to energy and transportation and relate to schools, farmers, wildlife conservation efforts, and many more areas.

Stop Disasters! Game. Stop Disasters! United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. https://www.stopdisastersgame.org. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12276 This game, produced by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, aims to teach children how to build safer villages and cities against disaster. Children have to “prepare” a virtual community from an impending natural disaster by experimenting with the location and construction of buildings in this virtual world. Through the game, children will see how house materials make a difference during disaster, learn about the role of early warning

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systems, and understand the importance of evacuation plans. Several resources accompany the game, including fact sheets and teacher guides focused on specific types of natural hazards.

Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health Resource Pack. Resource Pack: Climate, Migration, and Health. Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University 2018. http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-climate-migration-and-health. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-climate-migration-and-health This resource pack on climate, migration, and health was curated by the Global Health Education and Learning Incubator. Materials cover key concepts about the complex nexus of climate change, migration, and health, as well as information about populations disproportionately affected by climate change and migration, like women, children, and the poor. This pack also includes resources that describe how climate and environmental changes exacerbate geopolitical tensions, food insecurity and undernutrition, internal displacement, and the spread of infectious disease.

Extreme Event Game Game. Extreme Event Game. Koshland Science Museum. National Academy of Science 2018. https://www.koshland-science-museum.org/extreme-event. This in-person role-playing game from the National Academy of Science helps simulate what is needed to build community resilience in the face of disaster. In the collaborative game, which is made for 12 to 48 players, participants will make quick decisions and solve problems associated with natural disasters. Groups can play the earthquake, flood, or hurricane game kits; across all games, players will need to work together to keep their neighbors safe, find shelter, and respond to time-sensitive challenges. The game draws on evidence from a seminal National Research Council Report on disaster resilience, and has been tested with diverse communities over a 2-year period.

Archived Webinar: Business and Health Security: The Bottom Line on Preparedness Online Learning. Archived Webinar: Business and Health Security: The Bottom Line on Preparedness. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2017. https://nhspi.org/business-health-security-webinar. This one-hour webinar from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation features multiple speakers from a variety of sectors who discuss how health security issues impact the American economy and can relate to important business strategy and decisions. Speakers in this webinar addressed questions related to natural disasters, the health security index, and why businesses should be concerned about health security.

Extreme Hurricanes: The Challenges for Puerto Rico and Beyond Online Learning. Extreme Hurricanes: The Challenges for Puerto Rico and Beyond. The Forum. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 2018; Mar 9. https://theforum.sph.harvard.edu/events/extreme-hurricanes. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12280 This webcast seminar from The Forum at the T.H. Chan School of Public Health examines the persistent public health challenges that continue to affect Puerto Rico in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, and the outlook for long-term recovery. Expert panelists discuss power restoration, health care coordination, medical services delivery, and more. They also explore the threats posed by extreme hurricanes more broadly, asking what can be done to better prepare and respond to such storms, how to build resiliency within affected communities, and how to apply the lessons learned from past hurricanes to meet the challenges ahead. This event was presented jointly with PRI’s The World and WGBH as part the Forum’s “Policy Controversies” series. Also see:

• Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience, Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University

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Island in Crisis: Teaching About Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria Lessons. Gonchar M. Island in Crisis: Teaching About Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria. The New York Times 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/04/learning/lesson-plans/island-in-crisis-teaching-about-puerto-rico-after-hurricane-maria.html. This compilation of lessons from The New York Times examines the situation of Puerto Rico after being devastated by Hurricanes Irma and Maria, not only focusing on the consequences of the disaster, but also giving attention to Puerto Rico’s economic climate from before the disasters. The lesson begins with a warm-up activity and short quiz to familiarize students with the situation at hand. It then provides a number of possible activities through which students can learn about more specific aspects of the situation, including humanitarian aid, political responses in disaster situations, and Puerto Rico’s economic debt.

Lesson Plan: Climate Change and the 2017 Hurricane Season Lesson. Lesson Plan: Climate Change and the 2017 Hurricane Season. PBS NewsHour Extra 2017. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/lessons-plans/lesson-plan-climate-change-and-the-2017-hurricane-season. This lesson plan from PBS NewsHour Extra explores the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season and delves into how climate change may be affecting the storms. It asks students to address the question: “What might extreme storms during the 2017 hurricane season tell scientists about the role of climate change?” After providing a quick overview and warm-up activity, the lesson calls for students to collaboratively read and interpret an article on hurricanes hitting the United States and watch a video about the relationship between global warming and extreme weather across the world.

Puerto Rico’s Recovery After Hurricane Maria: Who is Responsible? Lesson. Puerto Rico’s Recovery After Hurricane Maria: Who is Responsible? The Choices Program. Brown University 2017. http://www.choices.edu/teaching-news-lesson/puerto-ricos-recovery-hurricane-maria-responsible. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/12268 This lesson plan from The Choices Program teaches students about the status of Puerto Rico after being hit by hurricanes in 2017, relations between the United States and Puerto Rico as they pertain to disaster response, and the perspectives of multiple actors on the entire situation. After discussing background information, students are exposed to eight different sources of information about post-hurricane Puerto Rico. They then compare the information from these sources using a detailed worksheet.

Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: A Discussion Toolkit Toolkit. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: A Discussion Toolkit. National Academy of Sciences 2015. https://www.nap.edu/resource/18996/PDRtoolkit.pdf. This toolkit from the National Academy of Sciences includes a number of resources that can be used for facilitating discussions or even more complex events related to disaster recovery planning and community health. Its resources include meeting agendas, detailed instructions, checklists, and meeting planning instructions to help a community recover from a disaster and become more resilient in case of another. These materials are divided into modules that apply to planning for, executing, and following up after a community meeting.

Hospitals Don’t Burn: Caribbean Island Regional Hospital Teaching Case. Lippmann J, Janzen Le Ber M. Hospitals Don’t Burn: Caribbean Island Regional Hospital. Western Public Health Casebook. Public Health Casebook Publishing 2015. https://www.schulich.uwo.ca/publichealth/cases/Casebook2015.html. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10746 This case study explores the fire evacuation procedures at the Caribbean Island Regional Hospital in Barbados as well as the recommendations by the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) to improve the hospital’s disaster management plan. The case describes PAHO’s Safe Hospitals Initiative, developed to help health care centers in Latin America and the Eastern Caribbean function effectively during emergencies, and in particular discusses the importance of comprehensive disaster response plans. This case includes guidance for instructors, including learning objectives and discussion questions. This case is part of a 13-case collection written by students in the inaugural MPH class of the Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health at Western University, Canada. The cases may be copied and used free of charge without permission for any educational uses by an accredited educational institution.

Page 28: Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience · roadblocks to disaster preparedness and resilience, contextualized in a broader global landscape of climate adaptation and disaster

Resource Pack: Disaster Preparedness and Resilience

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Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (B) Teaching Case. Giles D. Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (B). HKS Case No. 1961.0. Harvard Kennedy School Case Program 2012. http://case.hks.harvard.edu/moving-people-out-of-danger-special-needs-evacuations-from-gulf-coast-hurricanes-b. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10776 This case study from the Harvard Kennedy School examines how leaders and officials in Louisiana and Texas implemented an evacuation process for citizens with special needs following catastrophic natural disasters. It considers evacuation shortcomings that affected those with disabilities and medical conditions, the elderly, the institutionalized, the homebound, and people without direct access to their own means of transportation. Part A describes the planning and implementation of evacuation, sheltering, and repatriation efforts during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005; Part B explores how states revisited their plans to respond to Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008. This case may be purchased for a nominal fee; registered educators may obtain a free review copy. Online supplemental resources include short free documents and videos on how to teach with the case method, as well as downloadable related tip sheets and questions for class discussion.

Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (A) Teaching Case. Giles D. Moving People Out of Danger: Special Needs Evacuations From Gulf Coast Hurricanes (A). HKS Case No. 1943.0. Harvard Kennedy School Case Program 2011. http://case.hks.harvard.edu/moving-people-out-of-danger-special-needs-evacuations-from-gulf-coast-hurricanes-a. GHELI repository link: http://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/10775 This case study from the Harvard Kennedy School examines how leaders and officials in Louisiana and Texas implemented an evacuation process for citizens with special needs following catastrophic natural disasters. It considers evacuation shortcomings that affected those with disabilities and medical conditions, the elderly, the institutionalized, the homebound, and people without direct access to their own means of transportation. Part A describes the planning and implementation of evacuation, sheltering, and repatriation efforts during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005; Part B explores how states revisited their plans to respond to Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008. This case may be purchased for a nominal fee; registered educators may obtain a free review copy. Online supplemental resources include short free documents and videos on how to teach with the case method, as well as downloadable related tip sheets and questions for class discussion.