Resource Extraction Waste ENVS 001 Presentation October 28, 2002 Dr. Saleem H. Ali
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Transcript of Resource Extraction Waste ENVS 001 Presentation October 28, 2002 Dr. Saleem H. Ali
Questions of Renewability
• How long does it take to naturally replenish a resource?
• How substitutable is the resource and what is the relative impact of substitutes?
• What is our “need” for the resource versus our “want” for it?
• Are there ways of overcoming the natural renewability of the resource?
Geological Mineral Resources
• Metallic Mineral Resources– Elemental material
• Nonmetallic Mineral Resources– Construction materials– Gems– Food and water
• Energy Mineral Resources– Coal, Gas, Oil, Uranium (also a metal)
Global Impact of MineralsMining in the Global Economy, 2000.
Indicator Mining’s Share(percent)
Value(number)
World GDP 0.9 $361 billion 1
Global employment 0.5 15 million workers 2
World energy use 7.2 – 10 4,900 – 6600 terawatt hours
World sulfur dioxide emissions 13 142 million tons 3
World’s frontier forests threatened 4 39 5.3 million square kilometers
World Mineral Production
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
million metric tons
Source: USGS
Construction and Industrial Minerals
Metals
World Mineral Prices
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
1990=100
Source: World Bank
Waste GenerationWastes Produced by Mining, Selected Metals, 2000
Metal Amount ofWaste Produced
(million tons)
Amount ofMetal Produced
(million tons)
Share ofOre that is Usable
Metal(percent)
Iron Ore 2,113 845 40Copper 1, 648 15 0.91Gold 745 0.0025 0.00033Lead 260 7 2.5
Aluminum 104 24 19
Primary Versus Recycling
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
Copper Aluminum Steel
kilowatt hours
Primary
Recycled
Global Gold Reserves
UNMINED RESERVES50,000 tons
JEWELRY65,000 tons
PRIVATE INVESTORS24,000 tonsSource: Lehman Brothers, USGS
FABRICATION31,000 tons
BANKS AND INSTITUTIONS31,000 tons
Importance of Minerals
Wants and Needs:Are Diamonds Forever?
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976)
• The solid waste program, Subtitle D, encourages states to develop comprehensive plans to manage nonhazardous industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste, sets criteria for municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs) and other solid waste disposal facilities, and prohibits the open dumping of solid waste.
• The hazardous waste program, Subtitle C, establishes a system for controlling hazardous waste from the time it is generated until its ultimate disposal– in effect, from cradle to grave.
• The underground storage tank (UST) program, RCRA Subtitle I, regulates underground tanks storing hazardous substances and petroleum products