Resonances

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _______ and ________ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _____________.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _________ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons:

Ganymede _______ orbitEuropa _______ orbitsIo _______ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune:Pluto _______ orbitsNeptune _______ orbits

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _regular_ and _periodic_ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _small integers_.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _________ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons:

Ganymede _______ orbitEuropa _______ orbitsIo _______ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune:Pluto _______ orbitsNeptune _______ orbits

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _regular_ and _periodic_ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _small integers_.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _enhanced_ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons:

Ganymede _______ orbitEuropa _______ orbitsIo _______ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune:Pluto _______ orbitsNeptune _______ orbits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guWRfG-0zzA

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _regular_ and _periodic_ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _small integers_.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _enhanced_ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons:

Ganymede _______ orbitEuropa _______ orbitsIo _______ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune:Pluto _______ orbitsNeptune _______ orbits

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _regular_ and _periodic_ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _small integers_.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _enhanced_ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons: 1:2:4

Ganymede ___1___ orbitEuropa ___2___ orbitsIo ___4___ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune:Pluto _______ orbitsNeptune _______ orbits

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _regular_ and _periodic_ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _small integers_.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _enhanced_ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons: 1:2:4

Ganymede ___1___ orbitEuropa ___2___ orbitsIo ___4___ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune:Pluto _______ orbitsNeptune _______ orbits

Resonances

I. Orbital ResonancesA. Definition: An orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting

bodies exert a _regular_ and _periodic_ gravitational influence on each other. This usually means that their orbital periods (i.e. the time it takes to make one orbit) are related by a ratio of two _small integers_.

B. Orbital resonances result in greatly _enhanced_ effects.

C. Examples:1. Jupiter’s Moons: 1:2:4

Ganymede ___1___ orbitEuropa ___2___ orbitsIo ___4___ orbits

2. Pluto and Neptune: 2:3Pluto ___2___ orbitsNeptune ___3___ orbits

3. Saturn’s Rings:The Cassini Division, the ___________ in Saturn’s rings, between the inner B Ring and the outer A Ring, has been cleared by a _____ resonance with the moon ______.

3. Saturn’s Rings:The Cassini Division, the _largest gap_ in Saturn’s rings, between the inner B Ring and the outer A Ring, has been cleared by a _2:1_ resonance with the moon _Mimas_.

4. Asteroid Belt:Gaps exist in the Asteroid Belt, known as the _____________. These are due to resonances with the massive planet ________. Some of the largest gaps occur at the 3:1, 5:2, 7:3 and 2:1 resonances. Asteroids have been ejected ___________________________ of Jupiter such that there are lanes almost empty of asteroids.

4. Asteroid Belt:Gaps exist in the Asteroid Belt, known as the _Kirkwood Gaps_. These are due to resonances with the massive planet _Jupiter_. Some of the largest gaps occur at the 3:1, 5:2, 7:3 and 2:1 resonances. Asteroids have been ejected _due the repeated gravitational tug _ of Jupiter such that there are lanes almost empty of asteroids.

II. Spin-Orbit Resonances

A. Definition: When sufficient _________ are exerted on a smaller body in

orbit around a larger body, a spin-orbit resonance can exist with the smaller body. This is when the number of _________ and the number of _______ are related by a _______________________.

B. Examples:

1. Moon: The Moon makes ___ rotation for every ___ orbit it makes. It is said to be in a ____ spin-orbit resonance. ________________ in the solar system are in a 1:1 spin-orbit resonance.

2. Mercury: Mercury is in a _____ spin-orbit resonance in its orbit around the Sun. This means it makes ___ rotations for every ___ orbits.

II. Spin-Orbit Resonances

A. Definition: When sufficient _tidal forces_ are exerted on a smaller body

in orbit around a larger body, a spin-orbit resonance can exist with the smaller body. This is when the number of _rotations_ and the number of _orbits_ are related by a _ratio of two small integers_.

B. Examples:

1. Moon: The Moon makes ___ rotation for every ___ orbit it makes. It is said to be in a ____ spin-orbit resonance. ________________ in the solar system are in a 1:1 spin-orbit resonance.

2. Mercury: Mercury is in a _____ spin-orbit resonance in its orbit around the Sun. This means it makes ___ rotations for every ___ orbits.

II. Spin-Orbit Resonances

A. Definition: When sufficient _tidal forces_ are exerted on a smaller body

in orbit around a larger body, a spin-orbit resonance can exist with the smaller body. This is when the number of _rotations_ and the number of _orbits_ are related by a _ratio of two small integers_.

B. Examples:

1. Moon: The Moon makes _1_ rotation for every _1_ orbit it makes. It is said to be in a _1:1_ spin-orbit resonance. _Most major moons_ in the solar system are in a 1:1 spin-orbit resonance.

2. Mercury: Mercury is in a _____ spin-orbit resonance in its orbit around the Sun. This means it makes ___ rotations for every ___ orbits.

II. Spin-Orbit Resonances

A. Definition: When sufficient _tidal forces_ are exerted on a smaller body

in orbit around a larger body, a spin-orbit resonance can exist with the smaller body. This is when the number of _rotations_ and the number of _orbits_ are related by a _ratio of two small integers_.

B. Examples:

1. Moon: The Moon makes _1_ rotation for every _1_ orbit it makes. It is said to be in a _1:1_ spin-orbit resonance. _Most major moons_ in the solar system are in a 1:1 spin-orbit resonance.

2. Mercury: Mercury is in a _3:2_ spin-orbit resonance in its orbit around the Sun. This means it makes _3_ rotations for every _2_ orbits.

Resonances