Residence time: T ave = C/R
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Residence time: Tave = C/R
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• 1 resident of the United States. • 2.3 residents of Europe.• 7.6 residents of Mexico.• 7.4 residents of South America. • 26.3 residents of Africa.• 12.35 residents of the Far East.
1000 kilowatt-hours of electricity is equivalent to the average amount of electricity consumed per month by:
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• 574 fast-food meals. • 34 pieces of firewood. • 28.5 gallons of gasoline. • 274 pounds of coal. • 34 therms of natural gas. • lead-acid battery weighing
61,110 pounds.
1000 kilowatt-hours of electricity is equivalent to the energy stored in each of the following:
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1000 kilowatt-hours of electricity production emits the following pollutants:
Pounds Ping pong balls (eq. vol. @STP)
CO2 1,725 14,960,000
SO2 4.12 35,900
NOX 3.48 30,530
And require 422 gallons of cooling water
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Oil consumption per capita
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Major oil trade movements
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Coal production - Coal consumption
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Natural gas consumption per capita
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Major natural gas trade movements
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*
* C3 refers to 3-phosphoglycerate, C4 to a 4-carbon analogue
(3.2 x 1010 GJ/year)
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Note:
Approximate surface area of the earth is 4πr2, or4π(6.378 106 m)2. This comes to ~5.112 1014 m2,and a hemisphere is ~2.556 1014 m2.
Approximate average insolation is 343 W/m2.
So the total power falling on one hemisphere is:
343 W/m2 2.556 1014 m2 = 8.78 1016 W
U.S. energy consumption is ~100 quad/yr, or1.05 1020 J/yr.
World energy consumption is ~4.71 1020 J/yr.
SO:
and
min9.19s196,1W1078.8J1005.1 s60min/1
16
20
min4.89s364,5W1078.8J1071.4 s60min/1
16
20
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In other words, the average insolation
in: is enough to satisfy the energy needs of: For:
20 min The United States 1 year
1 hour The United States 3 years
1.5 hours The world 1 year
3 hours The world 2 years
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