RESEARCHING THE DESIGN THINKINGBEHIND THE DESIGN APPROACHES OFYUSUF BILYARTA MANGUNWIJAYA

Understanding of Research Methods Through

Classification of Knowledge Paradigms

HAFIZ AMIRROL 25209022

RESEARCHING ROMO MANGUN

YUSUF BILYARTA MANGUNWIJAYA

(Ambarawa, Central Java, 6 May 1929 - Jakarta,Indonesia, 10 February 1999)

Technical/Mechanical

Non-Technical/Humanistic

PHILOSOPHICALTHOUGHT

IMPLEMENTATIONPROCESS

CREATIVEPROCESS

COMMUNICATIONPROCESS

Keywords: Research Methods, Knowledge Paradigms, Systematic Philosophy, YB Mangunwijaya

ROMO MANGUN’S ARCHITECTURAL PHILOSOPHY

WASTU=

vasthuvidya

Understanding of Existence

Reflexive and Responsive

Meaning and Spirit

Cosmological and Spiritual Relationships

Transformative Value

Komplek Ziarah Sendang Sono (1972-1991)

ROMO MANGUN’S CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPALS

WASTUCITRA

VernacularismLocal Architecture Reflecting the Assimilation of Function and Appearance

Architecture for the PoorArchitecture as a Tool to Empower the Marginalized Poor Community

Beauty is TruthDesign in Beauty, Built in Truth - at the Right Time and the Right Place

Wisma Kuwera, Yogyakarta (1986-1999)

ROMO MANGUN’S CREATIVE PROCESS

ORGANIZATIONSPROJECTSOURCE INDIVIDUALS OWN INITIATIVES

SELF-REFLECTIONDESIGNSTAGE

USERS’ PARTICIPATION

INITIAL CONCEPT

ARCHITECT’SAUTHORIZATION

IMPLEMENTATIONUSERS’

PARTICIPATIONCOLLABORATIONWITH WORKERS

CHANGES AMENDMENTS

PROJECTSOURCE END PRODUCT

INITIATION OF CONCEPT

2 MAIN METHODS

IntuitiveReflection of Philosophical Thoughts and Spiritual Beliefs

RationalResponding to Contextual Needs and Demands

SUMMARY

DESIGN METHODS

PHILOSOPHICALAPPROACH

Unification of VariousContextual Needs and Demands

Guna & Citra(Function & Appearance)

Reflectionof Beliefsand Thoughtstowards theBuilt Environment

}

CLASSIFICATION OF KNOWLEDGE PARADIGMS

DESIGN THINKING = PHILOSOPHICAL THINKING

Method of Thoughts1. Radical2. Holistic

Way of Life1. Intellectual2. Emotional3. Practical

As Sciences1. Wisdom

ROMO MANGUN’S DESIGN AND SYSTEMATIC PHILOSOPHY CLASSIFICATION AND APPROACHES

KNOWLEDGE

EXISTENCE

VALUE

EPISTEMOLOGY, METHODOLOGYWISDOM, LOGICAL STRUCTURE

ONTOLOGICAL, METAPHYSICS

ETHICS, BEAUTY

} MAIN CONSTRUCT*

*Romo Mangun beliefs in knowledge as something that is socially constructed shows similarity to Michel Foucault’s The Archeology of Knowledge thesis

KNOWLEDGE PARADIGMS USED IN RESEARCHING ROMO MANGUN

KNOWLEDGE PARADIGMS SOURCES AND MEANINGS ONTOLOGICAL ESENTIALS FUNCTION IN RESEARCH

POSITIVISTICHEURISTIC REASONING

AND OBSERVATIONCLASSIFICATION OF REALITY

OR SPECIFIC SUBJECTSELECTION OF METHODS

AND EMPIRICAL STATISTICS

ONGOING REALITY OBSERVATION

REFLECTIVE INTUITIONFORMALISTIC/

STRUCTURALISTICCLASSIFICATION OF METHODSAND EMPIRICAL STATISTICS

(Perumahan Kali Code & Komplek Ziarah Sendang Sono)

(Bentara Budaya Jakarta & Perumahan Kali Code)

SEPARATEDREALITY

HEURISTIC REASONINGAND DATA COLLECTION

PARTICIPATORYOBSERVATION

SOSIAL OBSERVATIONAND FACT FINDING

(Perumahan Kali Code & Proyek Air Bersih Gunung Kidul)

ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH METHODS USED (PARTICIPATORY OBSERVATION)

KNOWLEDGE PARADIGMS SOURCES AND MEANINGS ONTOLOGICAL ESENTIALS FUNCTION IN RESEARCH

SEPARATEDREALITY

HEURISTIC REASONINGAND DATA COLLECTION

PARTICIPATORYOBSERVATION

SOSIAL OBSERVATIONAND FACT FINDING

(Case Study: Perumahan Kali Code, Yogyakarta)

Observation of dwellersand end-users’ behavior

within its context

Using samples (end-users)and data collected

from various sources

Cultural, social, economicaland religious practice of

the community

Classification andprioritizing data through

tacit knowledge

(Action Strategy by the Designer)

(Epistemology Strategy by the Researcher)

Re-interview the end-usersand

Literature reviews

Investigation by conducting post-occupancy evaluation

Self-assimilationinto the daily practice of

the community

Classification andprioritizing data through

deductive knowledge

Research Object

Designer

Researcher

CONCLUSION

(Epistemology Strategy by the Researcher)

Re-interview the end-usersand

Literature reviews

Investigation by conducting post-occupancy evaluation

Self-assimilationinto the daily practice of

the community

Classification andprioritizing data through

deductive knowledge

Strengths

First hand information,Reliable data source,Experienced-based

knowledge and data

Phenomenal and contextualinformation gathered,

Critical observation basedon conditions and situations

Observer - objects arebeing treated as a

unified research entityand process

Reasoning and logicalanalysis of available facts

are reliable and can be systematically organized

Weaknesses

Data collection may beinfluenced with personal

biases and otherresearch ethics concerns

Time consuming,Increased cost,

Complication in datagathering will occur

Observer/ researchermight develop personal

relation which will causeconflict of interests in research

Reduction of data through the process of classification

will not do justice to the research

REFERENCES

1. Sunaryo, R.G., Mengikuti Langkah Pikir Romo Mangun: Sebuah Tinjauan Mengenai Metode Perancangan ArsitekturYusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya, Dimensi Teknik Arsitektur, Vol. 35, No. 1 pp. 41 -45, Surabaya (2007)

2. Khudori, D., Menuju Kampung Pemerdekaan, Yayasan Pondok Rakyat, Jakarta (2002)

3. Indratno, F. (ed.), Negara Minus Nurani: Esai-Esai Kritis Kebijakan Publik, Forum Mangunwijaya III, Penerbit Buku Kompas,Jakarta (2008)

4. Suharsaputra, U., Filsafat Ilmu, PhD Thesis, Universitas Kuningan, Jawa Barat (2004)

5. Stangroom, J. Little Book of Big Ideas: Philosophy, A&C Black Publishers Ltd, London (2006)

6. Groat, L. & Wang, D., Architectural Research Methods, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York (2002)

7. Foucault, M., The Archeology of Knowledge, Trans. A.M Sheridan Smith, Routledge, London (2002)

Perumahan Kali Code, Yogyakarta (1983-1987)

END