RESEARCH TO APPLY CLEANER PRODUCTION FOR PIG FARMING IN VIETNAM

WEPA ACTION PLAN 2015

Mrs. Nguyen Thi Thanh TramVietnam Environment Administration

THE CONTENT

1. Introduction to Vietnam

2. Background

3. Outline

4. Rationale

5. Location

6. Summary of activities

INTRODUCTION TO VIETNAM- Location: the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

- Area: 331.698 km2

- Population: 90,5 million inhabitants

- Capital: Hanoi

- Economy: Vietnam has been a agricultural civilization formuch of its history. However, the economic developmenttowards industrialization, agriculture still accounts for a highproportion.

- GDP/person: 2.028 USD

21%

41%

38%

The economic structure of Vietnam

AgricultureIndustryService

BACKGROUND

70%

30%

The gross value of agriculture output

Cultivate

Livestock

Pig farming has a high proportion of thelivestock industry. The number of pigs inVietnam ranks the fourth in 10 countries whichhave the most number of pigs in the world.There were 26.39 millions pigs in Vietnam(1/4/2014).The provinces that have the largest number ofpig farming: Hanoi, Dong Nai, Bac Giang, ThaiBinh, Nghe An.There’re 2 forms of pig raising are: householdfarming with the scale of 100 pigs approximatelyand centralized with the scale is more than 100pigsThere’re approximately 8.5 millionshouseholds with household-scaled-farming;18,000 centralized farms.

In Vietnam:

BACKGROUNDLivestock

Economic achievements

Problems of Pollution

The centralizedfarms:67% havewastewatertreatment systembut the effect isn’tfully processed. 2,8% isreported for EIA.

Householdfarms:Use biogasin householdbut most areoverloaded.Dischargedirectly intothe drain.

-There is no general guidelines forconstruction of pig breeding wastewatertreatment systems using biogas in Vietnam.- The requirements n’ standards for smallbiogas constructions aren’s suitable for themediun ones in farming.-Can’t separate dry manure andwastewater.-The cost is quite high.-Awareness of farmers n’ farm owner inenvironment protection is still low-The technical level isn’t high enough,mainly learn experiences from another farm

BACKGROUND

Parameter Unit Value

QCVN24-2009/BTNMTNational standards for industrial wastewater

Maximum limit

A BpH 4,5 - 8 6 -9 5,5 – 9

Color Pt - Co 350 - 870 -

Turbidity Mg/l 420 - 550 -

BOD5 Mg/l 3.500 - 8.900 30 50

COD Mg/l 5.000 - 12.000 50 100

TSS Mg/l 680 - 1.200 50 100

Total Photphorus(TP) Mg/l 36 - 72

46

Total Nitrogen (TN) Mg/l 220 - 46015

30

Table 3. The pollutant load of pig farm wastewater

OUTLINE• Strengthening the capacity of water environmental management in Vietnam and other Asian countries.

Overall goalz

• To evaluate current situation and propose solutions for cleanerproduction to enhance management efficiency and pig breeding wastetreatment in Tam Thai pig farm.

• To offer the solutions to enhance management efficiency and pigbreeding waste treatment for pig farms in Nghe An province andVietnam.

• To raise the awareness of managerial agencies, owners of pig farmsand local authorities in terms of cleaner production to controlwastewater from pig breeding.

• To support WEPA in sharing experience

Program Purpose

• Wastewater from Tam Thai centralized pig farm is better controlled, theeffectiveness of wastewater treatment by using biogas system here isimproved.

• Wastewater from centralized pig farms in Nghe An province and in VietNam is better controlled.

• Capacity on environmental management and pig breeding wastewatercontrolling of enterprises, local environmentally staff and otherstakeholders would be ameliorated.

• The experience of applying CP for pig farming to controlling wastewaterin Vietnam

Outputs

RATIONALENghe An province has the5th largest number of pigs inthe country.

The number of cattle in thehousehold decreases and thenumber of breeding pigs incentralized farms areincreasing.

There’re 6 pig farms withscale over 1000 pigs; 60farms breeding scales from100 to 1000 pigs

Farms with scale over1000 pigs:There is no technical guidanceon biogas systems andwastewater treatment systems.

Be required to have EIA beforegoing into action

Orientation for livestock industrydevelopment according to theDecision of the Prime Minister:the target for pig farming industryuntil 2020 is developing rapidlythe scale of foreign pig farms inthe direction of farms, industry.

LOCATION

Time for pig care: 6months/farrowFeed: 2,4 kg/pig/dayUsed water: 25 l/pig/dayWastewater: 1-2 l/day

Pig breeding BiogasStabilization pond

(wastewater, biological products)

Receiving source (Rivers,

lakes,fields,…)

Figure 1. Sewage treatment system in pig farms in Nghe An province

LOCATIONTam Thai pig farm:-Using area: 35.000 m2

Breeding facilities area: 2.400 m2

Waste treatment zone area: 3.000 m2

-The scale of pig farm:

500 reproductive sows -> 3.500-4000 porkers/farrow

Average weight: 55kg/pig

Amount of food: 2000kg/day; 1kg/pig/day

Water source: natural water from the mountain streams.

The farm also combines with perennial fruit growing and

young fished breeding to take full advantage of pigs’

leftover food and excrement when cleaning pig houses.

The cost of pig farm construction: 560.000 USD.Waste water discharge to the dam which is the

source of water for all commune residents

LOCATION

Site map of pig farming sewage treatment system in Tam Thai pig farm

Biogas tank 1st Stabilization Pond

Final Stabilization Pond

SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIESDocument overview of the current status of pollution and

breeding sewage treatment in Vietnam and in Nghe An province

To survey, collect data to evaluate the current situation of waste treatment by using biogas system at Tam Thai farm

To propose CP solutions for wastewater management in Tam Thai Centralized Pig Farm and all the centralized pig farm in

Nghe An, Vietnam

To organize conferences, training courses on solutions for enhancing effectiveness of management and treatment of pig

breeding wastewater in centralized farms.

Document overview of the current status of pollution and breeding sewage treatment

Document overview of current status of pig farming and waste

pollution in Vietnam

Document overviwe of the current situation of pig farming

waste treatment in Nghe An- Gathering reports, data fromagencies under MARD, MONRE, GSOand the available researches toanalyze, overall assess the currentstatus of waste pollution in the pig farmindustry.

- Reviewing te evaluation of the legaldocuments system defining wastemanagement in pig farming in Vietnam.

- Collecting the report, monitoring datafrom DONRE, DARD on the currentstatus of pig farming and its wastetreatment in the farms with scale over1000 pigs in the locality and the currentenvironmental situation of areasaround the farm.

- Investigation, survey on the currentstatus of pig farming, pollution and pihbreeding sewage treatmentteachnologies in 2 farms with scaleover 1000 pigs in Nghe an province.

To survey, collect data to evaluate the current situation of waste treatment by using biogas system at Tam Thai farm

1. General informations:

- Interviewing households living around Tam Thai farm to collect theirreflections on the farm’s impacts to their lives.

- Farm location; farming scale, breeding method, housing systems,investment funds, pig breeds, sizes, water source and feed used.

2. Indentify pig breeding processes and material line (material andwaste)

3. Collect data, take sample to evaluate wastewater quality

To survey, gather data, sampleGather, define

input dataTotal number of porkers, sows

Average weight per pig

Amount of food/pig/day, type of food

Amount of using water, quality of water

Amount of dry excrement of sows

Carrying capacity of waste from farming system to biogas system

The pasty excrement of porker after washing the housing

The wastewater quality before treatment at biogas system

Biogas system Technical parameter of 02 biogas tanks

Collected to measure and analyze the gas

Technical parameter of 1st stabilization pond

Soil components at biogas system construction zone

Wastewater after using biogas

Quality of water after using biogas treatment system

Quality of water at the receiving water source

Parameters need to be gathered and defined:

TO SURVEY, ASSESSMENT

Technical parameters:

1. Water- Sampling locations: Water supply for pig farming (01 sample) Input wastewater of the biogas system (01 sample) Stabilization pond (2 samples) The receiving water source (02 samples)- Parameters: pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP, Amoni, Coliform.

2. Gas Sampling locations: Biogas tank (01 sample) Parameters: Gas Flow, CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2

3. Soil Sampling locations: Biogas system construction zone (01 sample) Parameters: pH, the humus, TC, TN, TP

Proposals1. To propose CP solution for wastewater management in TT farmSolutions for enhancing effectiveness of waste collection, waste classification andstream separation from farming area to treatment system.

Solutions for enhancing effectiveness of biogas system: operation process, thecalculation of amount of input and output waste from biogas tank, biogas collection andutilization.

Solutions for water economical and effective utilization and reuse of water fromtreatment system.

Solutions for technology improvement and change of wastewater collecting systemdesign, biogas tank and conditioning tank improvement.

Solutions of environmental sanitation, breeding facilities cleaning, living emissioncollecting.

Solutions of management, supervision, periodic environmental observation.

Proposals

2. To propose CP solutions in pig breeding wastewater management in centralized farm in Nghe An, Vietnam. To propose solutions for pig breeding wastewater management incentralized farms.

To propose solutions for improving suitable biogas system in farmscoped pig breeding.

To propose choosing pig breeding wastewater treatment technologyin farm scoped pig breeding.

To organize conferences, training courses1. The conference consult professors’ idea and related sites on

solutions for enhancing effectiveness of management and treatmentof pig breeding wastewater in centralized farms.

Target: advising the cleaner production solutions to better controlwastewater from pig farming

Participants (50 people): Owners of centralized pig farms in Nghe An,cleaner production professors, pig farming wastewater managementprofessors, environmental staff of concerned units under MONRE, MARD,DONRE, DARD

2. Training course of CP solutions for pig farming

The goal is training of cleaner production solutions to better controlwastewater from pig farming.

Participants (50 people): Farm owners in Nghe An province, technicalstaffs in pig farming, environmental experts, husbandry experts from

Share experience with WEPA memberships

To present reports in annual meetings of WEPA on outcomes ofthe project and to share experience lessons learned fromimplementing this program.

To share guiding documents of cleaner production for pig farmingwith other WEPA members.

Provide materials and information to WEPA secretariat for makinga chapter in WEPA Action Program Report summarizing the result ofthe program in order to disseminate it to other region through WEPAdatabase.

IMPLEMENTING AGENCY AND STAKEHOLDERS

Implementing Agency:

Environmental Science Institute under Vietnam Environment Administration

Stakeholders:

Nghe An Department of Natural resources and Environment

Nghe An Department of Agriculture and Rural development

Owner of Tam Thai farm pig farm

Owners of more than 1000 pigs farms in Nghe An (07 farms)

Some communities living around the farms

Some units under VEA, MONRE

Center of Vietnam Cleaner production

THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION