RESEARCH PROPOSAL STABILIZING GROUNDWATER LEVEL USING

MODIFIED BIOPORE STORAGE SYSTEM

Benito Agus Putranto, Rose Tirtalistyani, Bonifacius Rhyan Parahita

HANZE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

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Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 2

General Background ................................................................................................................................... 3

Statement of Problem ................................................................................................................................ 3

Research Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 5

Research Questions .................................................................................................................................... 6

Definition of Terms ..................................................................................................................................... 6

Delimitations............................................................................................................................................... 8

Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 8

Quantitative Approach............................................................................................................................ 8

Qualitative Approach .............................................................................................................................. 9

Time Frame ................................................................................................................................................. 9

Expected Results ....................................................................................................................................... 10

References ................................................................................................................................................ 11

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Abstract

Biopore-storage system is one of solution to maintain the ground water recharge in the climate

change situation. A long period of dry season and high intensity of rainfall in wet season, make the

ground water level is unstable. The modification of biopore and rain water storage system is expected to

improve the quality and the quatity of ground water level. The objective of this biopore-storage

modification system is to stabilize the ground water level in the climate change situation. This

modification is applicable and can be modified to make a artistic form of citizen back yard.

The place that is chosen to be the place of the research is in Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta.

Indonesia as a tropical country only have two kind of season, which are dry season and wet season.

Prambanan, as the place near the city of Yogyakarta is the place with the most rapid changes of land use

in Yogyakarta. Prambanan is a place with high groundwater level in Yogyakarta. Because the soil in this

place is a sandy soil, then the fluctuative of ground water level is also really high. This the perfect place

where this research can be implemented.

To approach the results of this research, there are 2 methodologies that being used. That are

quantitative approach and qualitative approach. This two methodology is used to complete the

objectives of this research. The quantitative approach is use to analyze the effectivity of the

implemented biopore-storage system. In this research qualitative approach being done by interview

with citizen around Prambanan, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta.

There are some results that we expect from this research. The main result that we expect is this

modified bio-pores system is balancing the groundwater level along the year. It is because this system

will work as a storage in rainy season and will raising the water level during dry season. But, to achieve

that main result, we also expect to achieve some results. The modified bio-pores system is also very

effective to infiltrate water to the soil. Because this system will increase the catchment area so a larger

amount of water can easily infiltrate to the soil.

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General Background

In the future, the world will be challenged to be able to face the occurrence of climate change.

High intensity of rainfall, rising of the sea level, and the long dry season are the circumstances that must

be faced. All the circumstances have a tremendous effect on the water quantity and quality in urban

area. The main issue, that being popular nowadays, is the water crisis issue.

Water crisis phenomenon must be followed up immediately to prevent more damage on the

environment. One of the solutions that more likely be implemented is to develop a cool city.

Therefore, a new solution and a good spatial planning must be developed to build a cool city and also

increase the effective use of land in urban areas.

Statement of Problem

Human population is increasing all over the world, and thus the land-use is also increased. The

change of land-use is also one of the problems that occur in the middle of urban areas. Change of the

natural land conditions, which can absorb water, into a pavement that increase water runoff, makes the

rainfall water difficult to get into the ground and turned into a ground water. The increasing population

of the city will make the area for rain water infiltration be more narrow.

Water crisis is one of the impacts of drastic climate change in the world. Water quantity in the

ground and the quality of fresh water is decreasing because of long period of dry season and very high

rain intensity during rainy season. Water crisis is a major issue and it must be addressed soon. Many

factors are being considered in the way to make a good decision, because the solution should be given

in accordance with the development of the world economy.

During rainy season, the high intensity of rain will make ground water level raised up high. There

is too much water in this season. Natural water storage in the environment will not be enough to keep

the water, and there will be a lot of runoff water. In other way, the ground water will be very low during

long period of dry season. There is lack of water in this season. This fluctuation of water level will be a

problem for water using issues. A way to reduce water level fluctuation is needed so that the water can

be used effectively.

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Figure 1. Precipitation Data in Yogyakarta Area

Source: Dinas Perhubungan D. I. Yogyakarta

The place that is chosen to be the place of the research is in Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta.

Indonesia as a tropical country only have two kind of season, which are dry season and wet season.

Prambanan, as the place near the city of Yogyakarta is the place with the most rapid changes of land use

in Yogyakarta. The development of new real estate and new urban area in Prambanan can be used to

support the application of this research project.

Prambanan is a place with high groundwater level in Yogyakarta. Because the soil in this place is

a sandy soil, then the fluctuative of ground water level is also really high. This the perfect place where

this research can be implemented.

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Picture 1. Location of Prambanan

Source: Google Maps

The above situations must be followed to deal with the impacts of climate change. One of the

solutions to be discussed in this research is the modified biopores-storage system as a pool of rainwater.

Reduced land uptake of rainwater can be expanded using an absorption wells and rain water harvesting

basins as storage system. By creating and providing this biopores-storage system, we hope this water

level fluctuation can be reduced, in other words there will be more balanced water level. Hence, the

quality and the quantity of the water during all seasons will be sustainable.

Research Objectives

This research is aimed to obtain some objectives. One of the most important objective is to

stabilize the ground water balance in Prambanan, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, Indonesia in relation with the

incoming situation of climate change. On this research there are also some objetives that have to be

gained to support the result of this research.

1. To know the impact of biopores-storage system to stabilize the ground water table in

Prambanan, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

2. To know the performance of biopores-storage system as a drainage system in backyard of

citizen in Prambanan, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

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3. To know the impact of biopores-storage system as an alternative option of expanding the rain

catchment area in Prambanan,Sleman, Yogyakarta.

4. To know the response and feedback of urban citizen about the application of biopores-storage

system in their backyard.

Research Questions

In this research project, there are some questions that raised in relation with the accomplisment of this

research. The main question which is tried to be solved with this research is, how the modified biopore-

storage system impact to stabilize the ground water balance in Prambanan, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta,

Indonesia. Some research questions in support to obtain the expected result of this research are:

1. Is the modified biopores-storage system is applicable in life of urban citizen?

2. Is the Modified biopores-storage system is an effective solutions to support the ground water

balance?

3. Do the citizens of urban areas accept the changes that have to be made for the modified

biopores-storage system?

Definition of Terms

Biopore was found by an Indonesian academics from Institut Pertanian Bogor who saw the holes

that occur in the land. The holes are the caused by insects that enter the soil and that holes can drain

water from surface runoff. The holes are often referred to by the name biopores.

Biopore further developed to be an option for flood prevention. Because biopore can be used

anywhere and easily applied. Nowadays bio-pore is known as a kind of eco drainage technology. Biopore

is a system which used of leach pit that serves to trap the water flowing so it can be a source of ground

water reserves. Alternative biopore utilization has been widely applied, this is because in addition to its

benefits in the drainage system also does not require the expensive costs and maximize community

participation .Artificial biopore is made by making holes in diameter 10-15 cm and fill the hole with

organic garbage to fertilize the soil around it. But now biopore can be made anywhere with different

kind of concept.

In relation with the performance of climate change in netherland, biopore can be modified with

form of storage to stabilize the height of ground water level. As it explained above, the existance of

climate change, make the possible huge gap of period between the high intensity of rain in wet season

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and long dry season. It will cause a matter of water recharge to the ground because water in the dry

seson will be a few, and the water will be uncontrolable in wet season ,(it will cause flood). Then to

make a cool city , the solution must be applicable and can solve the problems about ground water

recharge. One of solution that will be discuss is a modified biopore-storage system in the citizen

backyard. In some situation, biopore-storage system can be easily modified to make a convinient shape

for artistic back yard.

Picture 2. Example of Artistic Back Yard

Source: Personal documentation

Picture 3. Modified Biopore Storage

Source: Personal archive

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Based on the above considerations, it is necessary to research that aims to develop technologies

biopore in urban areas. This objectives can be obtain by identify the characteristic of the drainage

system and evaluate how effective the bio-pore can be implemented in study area and the last the

recommendations related to the implementation of this eco-drainage technology to support sustainable

urban drainage.

Delimitations

During this research, we made boundaries to keep focusing on the topic, which is the effectivity

of biopores-storage system to balance the water level. These boundaries will also make sure that the

research can be conducted well.

1. We will only observe biopores that are implemented in back yard, in order to allow more depth

of understanding of the effectivity of the biopores-storage system and whether it is applicable in

urban areas or not.

2. We will only use one type of biopore-storage systems profile (storage profile of 0.5 m depth

and 1.5 m width, and bipore profile is 10 cm diameter and 100 cm depth) because we just want

to know whether it is effective or not. We are not looking for the most effective biopores

profile and layout.

Methodology

To approach the results of this research, there are 2 methodologies that are being used. They

are quantitative approach and qualitative approach. These two methodologies are used to complete the

objectives of this research. They are explained in this explanation below:

Quantitative Approach

1. Conduct a literature review about biopores, water quality, and water quantity.

To complete the research, there have to be some review related to the literature study

to support the hypotheses.

2. Collect data of existing water quality and water quantity in areas where the biopores-storage

system will be implemented.

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Before the research is implemented in the real situation of Prambanan, Sleman, D.I.

Yogyakarta, there are some site investigation related to the existing situation about

water quality and quantity in the research area.

Qualitative Approach

1. Interview citizens about the biopores-storage system to clarify whether they have an interest in

the system and whether they want to do the changes that have to be made if the system is

developed.

The interview with the citizen is conducted to know more about the feedback from the

citizen about the application of Biopore-storage system in the backyard of every house.

The interview will be conducted by door to door interview with systematic questions.

This interview will be involve 20 people lived around Prambanan, sleman,

D.I.Yogyakarta.

2. Make biopores-storage system in a few house yards in each Prambanan urban areas.

For this research, the effectiveness of this system being judge by the performance of

this system. After the biopore-storage system is implemented in the house yard, the

ground water table being observe every six week.

3. Collect the observation data.

The data that is collected from the observation being recorded for the analysis of the

ground water table.

4. Analyse the result of the observation.

The data being analyzed to know the effectiveness of this biopore-storage system.

Combine and compare the result with the relevant theory, provided data, and previous research.

Time Frame

To make sure that this research can be conducted well, we made a plan and schedule. Below is the plan

and schedule of this research.

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Table 1. Research Time Frame

No Activity Due Date

1 Research Preparation May 18th

2 Literature Review May 20th

3 Collecting Secondary Data of the Research Area May 24th

4 Citizen Interview May 29th

5 Preparations and Building the Modified Biopores May 31st

6 Observing and Collecting Data July 14th

7 Analyze the Collected Data July 21st

8 Combining and Comparing the Results July 28th

9 Making a Conclusion August 5th

Project Finished August 2014

Expected Results

There are some results that we expect from this research. The main result that we expect is this

modified bio-pores system is Stabilizing the groundwater level along the year. It is because this system

will work as a storage in rainy season and will raising the water level during dry season. But, to achieve

that main result, we also expect to achieve some results. Which are :

1. The modified bio-pores system is very effective to infiltrate water to the soil. Because this

system will increase the catchment area so a larger amount of water can easily infiltrate to the

soil.

2. Lowering the runoff water on the surface during rainy season. Logically, because of a larger

amount of water that entering this system, the runoff water will reduce gradually.

3. Raising the ground water level during dry season. Because there is a storage in this sytem which

can be used on dry season.

4. Reducing problem that are caused by long period of dry season. Because there is a storage in

this system which works as an input to the water balance throughout the year.

These results will become a proof that the modified bio-pores system can become a solution in

the future.

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References

Baarda, B. 2010. Research: This is it!. Groningen: Noordhoff Uitgevers

Baron, M.A. Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals and Dissertations. Retrieved from

http://lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/docs/119/845404/Dissertation_Guide.pdf

Anggraeni, M. The Effectiveness of Bio-pore as an Alternative Eco-Drainage Technology to Control Flood

in Malang City. Retrieved from

http://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.Appl.Environ.Biol.Sci.,3(2)23-28,2013.pdf

Lets Save The Water with Bio-pore Absorbing Hole. Retrieved from

http://wctngcmfng.canalblog.com/archives/2010/03/25/17352930.html