Research Scholar Chandrashekara J

Under the Guidens

Dr. Adithyakumari HAsst. Prof. ,University of Mysore

Introduction• In research, surveys are most commonly used

and most abused means of collecting primary data. These methods are mostly used as these are less time consuming, economic and extremely flexible methods of obtaining information about attitudes and actions of people. These are most abused in the sense that the questions framed in the investigation are biased or poorly structured, the interviewers are poorly trained or the sample of respondents in not true representative of the universe.

Types of Survey Research

Interview Method

Questionnaire and

Schedule.

Characteristics of Interviewing Method Needs Proper Introduction: the

participants-the interviewer and the respondent are strangers.

• Incorporates Transitory Relationships• Caters to a specific purpose• Verbal interaction

Role of Interviewing• Generate insights and concepts not generalize about

them.

• Expand the understanding

• To search for exceptions to the rule by charting extreme cases.

• Results can be validated elsewhere with several other interviews.

Types of Interview1. Personal interview

2. Telephone Interview The telephone interview is used when

the information to be collected is limited. The telephone interview is used in lieu of personal interviews. It is most frequently used when the information has to be collected quickly and inexpensively.

3. Mail InterviewThe mail interview places a great deal of importance on the construction of the questionnaire, because there is no interviewer in mail surveys to ask questions and record answers.

4. Self-Administered Interview: The self-administered and mail survey methods have one thing in common.

5. Panel interview: A panel interview may be composed of either individuals or corporate units.

6. Electronic Interviewa.Faxb.Internet Surveys

Questionnaire Method The questionnaire is a list of questions

to be asked from the respondents. It also contains a suitable space where the answers can be recorded.

Questionnaire is a self-administered process where by the respondent himself reads the question and records his answers without the assistance of an interviewer.

Preparation of Questionnaire

Most of what is known about making questionnaires is the result of general experience. Neither a basic theory nor even a fully systematized approach to the problem has been developed.

Major Steps For The Questionnaire Determine What Information is Wanted Determine the Type of Questionnaire to

Use Determine the Content of Individual

Questions Determine the Type of Question to Use: Deciding on wording of Questions Decide on Question Sequence Decide on Length of Questionnaire Decide on Layout and Reproduction

Types of Questions

Open-Ended Questions

Close-ended Questions

Qualities of a Good QuestionnaireQuestionnaire should be BriefSimple, Clear QuestionsNature of QuestionsUse of appropriate Words in the

QuestionsQuestions Capable of Objective AnswersSome kind of Questions should be

AvoidedSequence of QuestionsInstructions for filling in QuestionnaireSetting of Questionnaire

Advantages of Questionnaire Methods

a. Economical b. Time Savingc. Accessibility to Diverse

Respondentsd. Free from Biase. Respondent’s Conveniencef. Standardized Wordings

Disadvantages of Questionnaire Methods

Unwillingness of respondent to provide information

Inability of Respondent to Provide Information

Influence of Questioning Process

Schedule Schedule is a device in social

research, which is most frequently used in collecting field data especially where the survey method is employed.

Schedule is used in indirect interview. It contains questions and blank tables, which are to be filled in by the investigators themselves after getting information from the respondents.

Types of Schedule Enquiry Schedules

Observation Schedule

Rating Schedules

Documentary Schedules

Interview Schedules

Advantages of Schedule Method

Higher Response Saving of Time Personal Contact Human Touch Deeper Probe Defects in Sampling are

detected

Limitations of the Schedule Method Costly and Time-Consuming

Need of Trained Field Workers

Adverse Effect of Personal Presence

Organization Difficulties

Thank You