IPMIPM 11

The Research ProcessThe Research Process

Source Book - CooperSource Book - Cooper

From-From- Jayant Jayant PratyushPratyush

SatishSatish AshishAshish

NikhilNikhil

IPMIPM 22

Research ProcessResearch Process

Research originates in the decision Research originates in the decision process. A manager needs specific process. A manager needs specific information for setting objectives defining information for setting objectives defining tasks, finding the best strategy to carry out tasks, finding the best strategy to carry out the task , or judging how well the strategy the task , or judging how well the strategy is being implemented.is being implemented.

IPMIPM 33

Define the research question

exploration

Define management question

exploration

Discover the management dilemma

explorationRefine the research question

Budget and value assessment

Research proposal

Budget Approval

Value exceeds cost

Stopcost exceeds value

stop

rejected

Approved

Que

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IPMIPM 44

Approved

Research design

Design Strategy

(type, purpose, time frame, scope, environment)

Data collection Design Sampling design

Investigative Question

Measurement Question

Instrument Design

Sample Unit Selection

Sample Type Selection

Draw Sample

Pilot testing

Instrument

Revision

Data Collection Que

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IPMIPM 55

Data Preparation

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Research Reporting

Legends for research phase

Research planning

Data Gathering

Analysis, interpretation

& Reporting

Que

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IPMIPM 66

Discover the Management Discover the Management DilemmaDilemma

Identify the problem.Identify the problem.Symptom of an actual problem.Symptom of an actual problem.For ex: rising cost , decreasing sales.For ex: rising cost , decreasing sales. Identifying the problem is rarely difficult.Identifying the problem is rarely difficult. Its need a correct decision-making.Its need a correct decision-making.

IPMIPM 77

Management

Dilemma

Management

Questions

Research Questions

Investigative Questions

Measurement Questions

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5

What should be asked or observed to obtain the information the manager needs?

What does the manager need to know to choose the best alternative from the available courses of action?

What are the plausible courses of action available to management to correct the problem or take advantage of the opportunity, and which should be considered?

How can management eliminate negative symptoms? How can management fully capitalize on an opportunity?

What symptoms cause management concern?

What environmental stimuli raise management interest?

MANAGEMENT- RESEARCH QUESTION HIERARCHY

IPMIPM 88

1. Discover the management

dilemma

An increasing number of letters and phone complaints about post-purchase service.

2. Exploration

Stage 1:Before Austin

1. PC magazines: Annual survey of “service, repair, and tech support”

2. Published customer satisfaction comparisons.

Stage 2 : Austin Meeting

1. Production : 5000/mo.

2. Distribution through computer superstores and independent mail-order company.

3. Complete Care process

Stage 3 : After Austin

Brainstorming and company letters

1. Possible problems

a) Employee shortage

b) Tech-line operator training

c) Uneven courier performance

d) Parts shortages

e) Inconsistent repair servicing

f) Product damage during repair

g) Product damage during shipping

h) Packaging and handling problems

RESEARCH PROCESS FOR RESEARCH PROCESS FOR MINDWRITERMINDWRITER

IPMIPM 99

5. Define the Research Question

4. Exploration3. Define the Management

QuestionInterviews with :Service managerCall centre managersIndependent packageCompany account executive

What should be done to improve the

CompleteCare program for MindWriter product repairs and servicing?

• Should the technical representative be given more intensive training, or not?

• Should ABC Courier Service be replaced by an overnight air transport service, or not?

• Should the repair diagnostic and repair sequencing operations be modified, or not?

• Should the return packaging be modified to include pre-molded rigid foam inserts, conforming-expandable foam protection, or neither?

• Should metropolitan repair centers be established to complement or replace in-factory repair facilities, or not?

IPMIPM 1010

Define The Management QuestionDefine The Management Question

Choice of purpose or objectives.Choice of purpose or objectives.Ex: what do we want to achieve?Ex: what do we want to achieve?Generation and evaluation of solutions.Generation and evaluation of solutions.Ex: how we can achieve our goal?Ex: how we can achieve our goal?Control the situation.Control the situation.Ex: how well is our program meeting its Ex: how well is our program meeting its

goals?goals?

IPMIPM 1111

The Research QuestionThe Research Question

Once the researcher has a clear statement Once the researcher has a clear statement of the management question, he and of the management question, he and manager must translate into research manager must translate into research question.question.

It should be a fact-oriented , information It should be a fact-oriented , information gathering.gathering.

Only reasonable alternatives should be Only reasonable alternatives should be considered.considered.

IPMIPM 1212

Refining Research QuestionRefining Research Question

It needs a skillful researcher .It needs a skillful researcher .At this point, a clearer picture of the At this point, a clearer picture of the

management and research questions management and research questions begins to emerge.begins to emerge.

It is apparent the question has been It is apparent the question has been answered and the process is finished.answered and the process is finished.

A question different from the original.A question different from the original.

IPMIPM 1313

Budget and Value AssessmentBudget and Value Assessment

Management has to play a great role Management has to play a great role between budgeting and value assessment.between budgeting and value assessment.

Budget required for data gathering, project Budget required for data gathering, project planning and analysis, interpretation and planning and analysis, interpretation and reporting.reporting.

Appropriate research study can help Appropriate research study can help managers to avoid losses and increase managers to avoid losses and increase profits.profits.

IPMIPM 1414

Research ProposalResearch Proposal

Where all aspects of the research are Where all aspects of the research are discussed.discussed.

It should be in written form or in oral.It should be in written form or in oral.

IPMIPM 1515

Budget approvalBudget approval

In absence of it many research are In absence of it many research are terminated. terminated.

Types of budget :Types of budget :Rule of thumb budgetingRule of thumb budgetingDepartmental or functional area budgetingDepartmental or functional area budgetingTask budgeting.Task budgeting.

IPMIPM 1616

Research design & strategyResearch design & strategy

It is a blueprint for fulfilling objectives and It is a blueprint for fulfilling objectives and answering questions.answering questions.

It may be complicated by the availability of It may be complicated by the availability of a large variety of methods, techniques, a large variety of methods, techniques, procedures.procedures.

IPMIPM 1717

Data collection designData collection design

1. Investigative question: to formulate 1. Investigative question: to formulate them , the researcher takes a general them , the researcher takes a general search question and breaks it into more search question and breaks it into more specific questions.specific questions.

2. Measurement question: These question 2. Measurement question: These question is generally asked by respondents.is generally asked by respondents.

In it, researcher records each In it, researcher records each observations and subject studied.observations and subject studied.

IPMIPM 1818

Sampling designSampling design

A sample is a part of target population.A sample is a part of target population.

Researcher must determine how many Researcher must determine how many people to interview and who they will be, people to interview and who they will be, what and how many events to observe or what and how many events to observe or how many records to inspect.how many records to inspect.

IPMIPM 1919

Pilot testingPilot testing

It is conducted to detect weaknesses in It is conducted to detect weaknesses in design and instrumentation and provide design and instrumentation and provide proxy data for selection of a sample.proxy data for selection of a sample.

If the study is a survey to be executed by If the study is a survey to be executed by mail, the pilot questionnaire should be mail, the pilot questionnaire should be mailed.mailed.

IPMIPM 2020

DataDataCollection and PreparationCollection and Preparation

Data should be presented to the Data should be presented to the researcher from the study environment .researcher from the study environment .

It is characterized by abstractness, It is characterized by abstractness, verifiability, elusiveness, and closeness to verifiability, elusiveness, and closeness to the phenomenon.the phenomenon.

IPMIPM 2121

Data Analysis and InterpretationData Analysis and Interpretation

It usually involves reducing accumulated data to It usually involves reducing accumulated data to a manageable size developing summaries a manageable size developing summaries looking for patterns and applying statistical looking for patterns and applying statistical techniques.techniques.

Scaled responses on questionnaires and Scaled responses on questionnaires and experimental instruments often require the experimental instruments often require the analyst to derive various functions, and analyst to derive various functions, and relationships among variables are frequently relationships among variables are frequently explored after that.explored after that.

IPMIPM 2222

Reporting The ResultsReporting The Results

It is necessary to prepare a report and It is necessary to prepare a report and transmit the findings and recommendations transmit the findings and recommendations to the manager for the intended purpose of to the manager for the intended purpose of decision- making.decision- making.

Reports should be developed from client’s Reports should be developed from client’s perspective.perspective.

IPMIPM 2323