Research Paper Part 2

What to Cite• Any information that is not common

knowledge– Examples of Common Knowledge

• Benjamin Franklin used the pen name Silence Dogood.

• Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac.

– Examples of Non Common Knowledge• To increase efficiency in mail delivery, he devised

an odometer that attached to his carriage. By counting the rotations of the wheels, it calculated the distance the carriage traveled.

WHAT TO CITE

Direct Quotes: Use “to separate the exact words” that you use. “You may use an entire sentence or two.” You may “choose” to use one or two “specific words” because you like the cadence. Either way, if they are not your own words you must quote them.

“From the common cold to ocean currents, from medicine to music, and from agriculture to the aurora borealis, he believed that human logic could unlock the mysteries of the natural world.” (http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l2_inquiringmind.html)

What to Cite

Paraphrase: If you reword the information from a source, you must still give credit. However, you do not need to use the “quote marks”.

• Benjamin Franklin thought human reason could decipher many of the mysteries of the world. (http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l2_inquiringmind.html)

Note: cutting a pasting a paragraph and changing each word is not a legitimate way to create a paper.

CITINGS

“Direct Quotes should look like this” (www.americanauthors.com/hemingway par 1). If you use the same website again with no other citings in between you skip the name of the website and just put the “paragraph number” (par 4).

A citing from a book should look like this (LastNameofAuthor 4).

WORKS CITED

• Create a separate sheet at end of paper• Label it Works Cited – Centered - no underline – no italics – nothing fancy• List entries alphabetically by last name•Use easybib.com to create your works cited page

WORKS CITED: BOOKS

Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

WORKS CITED : POEMS/SHORT STORIES

Whitman, Walt. "I Sing the Body Electric." Selected Poems. New York: Dover, 1991. 12-19.

Carter, Angela. "The Tiger's Bride." Burning Your Boats: The Collected Stories. New York: Penguin, 1995. 154-169.

WORKS CITED: WEB SITES

Name of Site. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sometimes found in copyright statements). Date you accessed the site [electronic address].

The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. 26 Aug. 2005. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2006 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu>.

Paper Format: 1st PageCyr 1

Stephanie Cyr

Ms. Cyr

English Honors III

November 21, 2008

Norman Mailer Cyr’s Hero

Norman Mailer was born……………………………………….

PAGE FORMAT: PAGE 2+Cyr 2

Each paragraph should be indented. The entire paper should

be double spaced. You do not need to hit enter more than once

when starting a new paragraph. Use a 12 point font. Use 1”

margins.

PAPER CONSIDERATIONS

Homonyms: •Apart, a part•know, no •to, too•There, their, they’re

Redundancy: •Use a thesaurus to find new words that mean the same thing.

PAPER CONSIDERATIONS CONTINUED

Editorializing is when you add your opinion to your paper. For a research paper, you do not want to add your opinion. If you feel you must include your opinion, do it at the very end of your paper in the conclusion.

Paper considerations continued

• Do Not Use “I” “we” “you”– The only exception is the conclusion

• Spell out contractions• Avoid slang• Avoid the word “it”

PAPER CONSIDERATIONS CONTINUED

Do not use phrases such as:

“In this paper I will”“This is a quote”“Here is a quote”“By this he means”

Review Miss Cyr’s Grammar Rules

Assistance Please

• http://www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/SCyr/• http://

owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/