Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework
-
Upload
daphnie-monteverde -
Category
Education
-
view
201 -
download
1
Transcript of Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework
![Page 1: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Research Paper and the
Theoretical Framework
Presenter: Mrs. Daphnie S. Monteverde
![Page 2: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
HYPOTHESES
![Page 3: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hypotheses 3
- A temporary answer to a research problem
-serves as guide as to what process are needed in answering the research questions and what research design is to be undertaken in the study
![Page 4: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
REMEMBER
In qualitative research, hypotheses may not be needed or may emerge as the study progresses, depending on the purpose of the study.
![Page 5: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS5
1. Scientific Hypothesis- Provides an answer to a research
question based on the review of related literature
- If conflicting results exist in the RL, the researcher may consider those results from researches conducted in similar context as that of the present study
![Page 6: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS6
2. Statistical Hypothesis- Presents the standard hypothesis for
the statistical procedure to be employed in the study
2 TYPES:a. NULLb. ALTERNATIVE
![Page 7: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
a. NULL HYPOTHESES7
- Suggests a negative relation between variables.
- It negates the existences of a characteristic, or a difference in effect of the variables
![Page 8: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
b. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES8
- Suggests a positive relation between variables.
- The existence of a characteristics, or a difference in effect of the variables
![Page 9: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
THEORETICAL VS.CONCEPTUAL
![Page 10: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FRAMEWORK 10
- Described as the abstract , logical structure of meaning that guides the development of the study
-all frameworks are based on the identification of and relationships among key concepts
![Page 11: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
-adopted when a particular theory is enough to provide theoretical basis for the conduct of the study
![Page 12: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
-used when the concepts from the different theory are borrowed to provide bases for an investigation, because one theory does not cover all the concerns of the study
![Page 13: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
-adopted when a particular theory is enough to provide theoretical basis for the conduct of the study
![Page 14: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
-used when the concepts from different theories are borrowed to provide bases for an investigation, because one theory does not cover all the concerns of the study
![Page 15: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
RESEARCH PARADIGM
-a graphical representation of the concepts
-encapsulates the entire research idea
![Page 16: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Significance Of the Study
![Page 17: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY17
DEDUCTIVEGeneral to Specific
INDUCTIVESpecific to General
![Page 18: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY18
-explains how the study will be beneficial to the different stakeholders of the society
-identifies target beneficiaries or target users of the current study
![Page 19: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Scope and Limitations
![Page 20: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Scope and DELimitations20
SCOPE-determined by major variables
DELIMITATION-identified by the sub-variables and their characteristics, and attributes or the indicators
![Page 21: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Scope and DELimitations21
-beneficial to mention the locale or setting of the research and when the data will be gathered
![Page 22: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scope and Limitations22
-presents the variables or subjects of the study, the extent to which the research will cover, the possible factors or nuances that will be given focus on the course of the study
![Page 23: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
▸ SCOPE
Covers the explanation as to up to what extent the researcher would want to explore or interpret in his/her research
▸ LIMITATIONS/ DELIMITATIONS
Which is a justification as to the ‘limits’ or boundaries of the research
23
![Page 24: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
▸ LIMITATIONS
-are conditions beyond the control of the researcher that may cause restrictions and make the conclusions to be generalizable only to the conditions set by the researcher
▸ DELIMITATIONS
-are the conditions that the researcher purposely controlled. These are limits beyond the control of the study
24
![Page 25: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EXAMPLE (Cristobal, 2003)
The study assessed the intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies of the school managers in the Division of City Schools in Balanga, Bataan, school year 2001-2002. The school managers that were included in the study were the secondary school principals and head teachers of national high schools in the division, Moreover, teacher respondents included only the teachers who are teaching Teknolohiya, Edukasyong Pangkalusugan, at Pantahanan subject.
25
![Page 26: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
VARIABLE-any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates.
![Page 27: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
VARIABLE
▸ CONCEPTCan be defined by a dictionary and is commonly used by an educator (e.g. age, degree, weight, height, civil status, etc.)
▸ CONTRUCT
Usually combines 2 concepts(e.g. level of performance, nature of environment, rate of recovery, educational attainment, etc.)
27
![Page 28: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
KINDS OF VARIABLES
1. VARIABLES ACCDG. TO THE NUMBER OF CATEGORIESa. Categorical Variables -represent unordered categories, groups, or classesEX: multiple intelligences, learning styles
b. Dichotomous – represent only 2 categories EX: sex, side, diabetes
28
![Page 29: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
KINDS OF VARIABLES
1. VARIABLES ACCDG. TO THE NUMBER OF CATEGORIESc. Polychotomous Variables –have more than 2 categoriesEX: educational attainment, economic status
d. Continuous Variables– take on any of a range of value EX: weight, height, speed, blood glucose level
29
![Page 30: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
KINDS OF VARIABLES
2. VARIABLES USED IN AN EXPERIMENTa. Independent Variables –are the cause variables, the reasons of changes in the dependent variables
b. Dependent Variables– refer to those that are effected by the cause variables
30
![Page 31: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
KINDS OF VARIABLES
3. VARIABLES ACCDG. TO THEIR NATUREa. Concrete Variables –are variables that can be perceived through the sensesEX: height, skin color, taste
b. Abstract Variables– are variables of quality EX: knowledge level, perception level
31
![Page 32: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
KINDS OF VARIABLES
3. VARIABLES ACCDG. TO THE NUMBER BEING STUDIES
a. Univariate study –one variable being studied
b. Bivariate study– 2 variablesc. Polyvariate study – more than 2
variables being studied
32
![Page 33: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Assumptions-are accepted cause-and-effect relationships, or estimates the existence of a fact from the known existence of other facts.
![Page 34: Research Paper and the Theoretical Framework](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062503/58b87c691a28ab44078b500f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Definition of Terms
1. Conceptual2. Operational