Research of the biodiversity of Tovacov lakes (Czech Republic)

Main researcher: Jan Ševčík Research group: Vladislav Holec

Ondřej Machač Jan Ševčík Bohumil Trávníček Filip Trnka

March – September 2014

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Abstract We performed biological surveys of different taxonomical groups of organisms in the area of Tovacov lakes.

Many species were found: 554 plant species, 107 spider species, 27 dragonflies, 111 butterfly species, 282 beetle species, orthopterans 17 and 7 amphibian species. Especially humid and dry open habitats and coastal lake zones were inhabited by many rare species. These biotopes were found mainly at the places where mining residuals were deposited or at the places which were appropriately prepared for mining by removing the soil to the sandy gravel base (on conditions that the biotope was still in contact with water level and the biotope mosaic can be created at the slopes with low inclination and with different stages of ecological succession). Field study of biotope preferences of the individual species from different places created during mining was performed using phytosociological mapping and capture traps. Gained data were analyzed by using ordinate analyses (DCA, CCA). Results of these analyses were interpreted as follows: Technically recultivated sites are quickly getting species – homogenous. Sites created by ecological succession are species-richer during their development. Final ecological succession stage (forest) can be achieved in the same time during ecological succession as during technical recultivation.

According to all our research results most biologically valuable places were selected. Appropriate management was suggested for these places in order to achieve not lowering of their biological diversity. To even improve their biological diversity some principles and particular procedures were formulated. Also principles and procedures ensuring attractive environment for plant and animal species were formulated.

Introduction High capacity mining of sandy gravels by floating excavators usually means very strong and distinct

intervention to the landscape. There are many points of view on this activity. Biological point of view is one of the most important ones. Biodiversity is really important landscape-creative element because landscape character is very strongly connected also with life quality of people. The question consequently is if mining in certain area is able to support biodiversity of landscape and which interventions and technological processes are crucial. Other important question is if supported and raised biodiversity is possible to manage although mining is finished. Then we need to decide which type of recultivation is the best to support the goal of raised biodiversity. Biological parameters of specific mining locality need to be known first.

Objectives Our study area is still changing due to continual mining. There is a possibility to create biological interesting

biotopes in places where active mining and material manipulation take place. Already mined places can be gradually enhanced for occurrence of rare species and for recreation. This high potential of such localities was and is not utilized yet. Provision of information to improve current situation is our main objective.

This study is focused on biodiversity research and support in the area influenced by mining. We used following methods: (1) inventory surveys of chosen taxonomical groups of organisms and (2) field study of biotope preferences of individual species. On the basis of obtained data it will be possible to identify (3) rare species occurring in our study area and (4) rare biotopes. For that biotopes appropriate management ensuring not lowering of their biological values will be suggested. (5) Adjustments of some technological processes will be proposed according to our findings.

Background information The region between municipalities Tovačov and Troubky lies in the river Morava basin. This area is called

“Haná” and it is located in the Middle Moravia in the east part of the Czech Republic. The region is typical by quite warm climate, optimal precipitation amounts and high-quality soils. Natural and semi-natural habitats rich in biological diversity of plant and animal species existed here in the past till now. Consequently local high-quality soils were used for intensive agriculture and the amount of natural habitats decreased a lot. Remains of riparian forests can be still found here but subsequent meadows and wetlands were strongly reduced during last decades. All these changes caused decline and reduction of many populations belonging to different groups of organisms.

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In the area of Tovačov lakes sandy gravel have been mined largely since the fifties of the 20th

century. The system of four lakes was created varying in age and depth. The majority of lakes have already firmed banks which were technologically recultivated in the past (by evening the terrain out and its afforestation or grassing over). However some places (especially majority area of the island among lakes I, III and IV) were left for ecological succession.

Generally, our study area is part of vast wetland region (obr. 1). Tovačov region (357 ha) and Troubky region (149 ha) comprise mostly of the area of lakes (70 %). Local relief is quite plane ranging between 191 – 210 metres above sea level.

This region is biologically valuable which is also supported with categorization of the lakes I, III and IV into Special Protection Area (SPA Morava – Chropyňský luh – EVL CZ 0714085). Although the only subject of official protection according to Natura 2000 is the European beaver (Castor fiber). The locality is also rich in birds but the diversity of other organisms is not very well known yet.

Social importance of this locality should not be neglected. Lake III is favourite fishing and diving territory and is also used for recreation by local people. Lakes I and II are drinking water reservoirs.

Methods Inventory surveys Fieldwork took place from 26

th of March to 23

rd of September 2014 and consisted of 25 botanical visits and

33 zoological visits. Detailed inventory surveys of main taxonomical groups of bioindicating organisms were performed (vascular plants, beetles, spiders, amphibians, reptiles, daily butterflies, dragonflies). Other organism groups were not systematically mapped because of sufficient knowledge about it and because of other ongoing projects (for example birds). These organisms were just written down if they were spotted.

To exactly describe the environmental variability and to specify floristic and faunistic records our study area was divided into partial sites. These partial sites were created by combining different site ages, succession types, the way of site origins and different vegetation cover. Partial sites for particular taxonomical groups were consequently adjusted (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

Programs Janitor (2.6.4.) [65] and QGis 2.4. [70] were used to process GPS data gained during the field work by GPS machine Garmin eTrex 30. Map sources are from Geoportal Cenia [64]. GPS coordinates are given in WGS 84 format.

All biotope mapping was done according to the Habitat Catalogue of the Czech Republic [1] and Manual evaluation of habitat [2]. Borders among specific biotopes at the actual orto-photo picture were defined straightly in the field. To identify biologically valuable places standard deviations of their approximate values were established [3]. Floristic inventory survey was done according to standard floristic methods placing emphasis on recommendations in Methodology inventory survey of specially protected areas [4]. Documentary plant material was collected, prepared and preserved by standard methods [5] and is located in herbarium of the Department of Botany of Palacky University in Olomouc (OL, [6]). Literary survey of available floristic databases was done [7, 8, 9, 10, 11].

Bryophytes were studied just briefly at the uncovered sites to compare it with natural bryophyte communities at the eroded river Morava banks nearby.

Animals were studied by using individual collecting, beating the vegetation, sweeping, sieving, light trapping, bait trapping and pitfall traps (plastic cap filled with saturated solution of salt and vinegar buried in the ground with its rim at surface level). All collected animals and animal material is deposited in the private collections of the researchers – F. Trnka (Coleoptera), O. Machač (Arachnida) and V. Holec (Lepidoptera and Odonata).

Dragonflies were studied by recording of exuvia, mature individuals (M for males, F for females), immature individuals (Imm for new-born individuals) and epigamic behavior (T for tandem, O for oviposition). If exuvia were found the population was considered to be indigenous. If immature individuals were found and if epigamic behavior was observed the population was considered to be likely indigenous [12].

Concerning butterflies daily ones were recorded in the first place (Papilionoidea group, Hesperioidea group and the family Zygaenidae). Also some big nocturnal butterflies were recorded (Cossoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombicoidea, Drepanoidea, Geometroidae and Noctuoidae group) at the locality “island”.

Amphibians were studied during night and day time visits by voice recordings, capturing to the nets and into the bait traps. Sites used as places for amphibian reproduction were systematically searched.

The categorization of threat (further just RL as Red list) were used: for vascular plants from the Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic [13], for bryophytes from last version of the Bryophyte flora of the Czech

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Republic [14], for animals from the Red list of threatened species in the Czech Republic – Invertebrates [15] and Red list of threatened species in the Czech Republic – Vertebrates [16]. For vascular plants categorization by indigenous or invasive status was done [17]. All species protected officially by Czech law (§) were recorded [36].

Sources of the taxonomic references Plant species nomenclature is given according to the Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic [13],

Charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) of the Czech Republic [18] and Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic [13].

Animal species nomenclature is given according to the actual version of the World spider catalog [19], Checklist of harvestmen of the Czech Republic [20], Molluscs of the Czech and Slovak Republics [21] and Checklist of Lepidoptera of the Czech and Slovak Republics [22]. Nomenclature for the orders Orthoptera, Dermaptera and Dictyoptera is given according to Kočárek et al. [23, 24]. Beetle species nomenclature is given according to Check-list of Czechoslovak Insects IV (Coleoptera) with updated taxonomical changes according to current literature [26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33]. Nomenclature for the order Odonata is given according to actual version of the World Odonata List [34].

Field studies For the field studies the area of the island (Fig. 4) was chosen because of exclusion of different organism

immigration from the neighborhood. The island was created by depositing of spoil. History of individual partial sites was reconstructed on the basis of information gained from the mining company and comparison of actual orto-photo pictures with historical ones from the years 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003, 1990 [63, 66-69].

Technical recultivation included terrain stratification, evening the terrain out or afforestation. Spontaneous succession included succession taking place in sites which were created by depositing the spoil. For both types of succession absence or presence of recent disturbances was recorded in comparison with orto-photo pictures from 2009 and 2012.

Study sites were categorized into 2 groups according to humidity. Category “wet” included sites which were influenced by stagnant or running water just for some part of the year. Category “dry” included sites with the absence of surface water. The site height above water level was set approximately to the height of the water level of the nearest lake.

Standard sites for phytosociological plots had proportions 7x7 m. In biotopes located in water and narrower than 7 m proportions of the site was adjusted to have approximate total area about 50 m

2. To express quantity

and abundance of plant species at the site 9-point Braun-Blanquet scale was used. Finally 36 phytosociological plots were analysed.

To study invertebrate diversity pitfall traps were used. These traps were collected once a month (4 times at all).

Vegetation structure was determined on all sites (levels E0 – bryophytes, E1 – herbs, E2 – shrubs, E3 – trees) together with percentage of the substrate not-covered by plant vegetation and percentage of the substrate not-covered with plant litter. Also type of the substrate was recorded (sand – fine substrate without clayish parts, in dry conditions falling into pieces, clayish sand – oligotrophic sandy substrate with clayish parts, clay – clay soil originating from the overburdens rich in nutrients), (Tab. 11).

Ordinate analyses were used to analyze our data using CANOCO 4.5 [35]. Regarding discovered gradient length (6 SD) unimodal DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) analysis was used. For further analyses vegetation cover data were root extracted and weight of rare species was lowered. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to reveal the importance of specific factors of the environment to floristic composition of studied sites. It was also performed to reveal the group of factors that are the best to explain the species composition (forward analysis, Monte Carlo permutational test).

Results Bryophytes (Bryophyta) All of the found bryophytes (Tab. 1) belong to the species with short life cycle with big reproduction

potential. Usually it reproduces by gems. Following species were frequently found: Bryum dichotomum, Barbula unguiculata, Funaria hygrometrica, Leptobryum pyriforme and Ceratodon purpureus. Bryum gemmiferum is one of the most interesting found moss species. It belongs to least concern species (LC-att). Majority of the found bryophyte species also grows at the banks of the Morava River. But other bryophyte species growing at the banks of the Morava River were not found in the study area.

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Vascular plants (Plantae) In total 554 vascular plant species were found in our study site during the field survey (Tab. 2, Fig. 9, 10).

Out of this total number 47 species belong to the Red list. Almost half of the species can be found in the central part of the study site (at the island). Disturbed anthropogenic biotopes were inhabited by following species: Kickxia elatine (C2 t), Dipsacus laciniatus (C3), Filago arvensis (C3), Vulpia myuros (C3) and Dysphania botrys (C3). Periodically not-covered substrates at the lake edges and pools are frequently populated by Cyperus fuscus (C3), Limosella aquatica (C4a) and rarely by Centaurium pulchellum (C3) and Carex bohemica (C4a). Water plants are very important group in our study site. We can found them especially in the lake III creating rich water vegetation consisted mainly of Potamogeton nodosus (C3) and rarely of Batrachium circinatum (C3) and Najas marina (C3). Rich population of Epilobium parviflorum (C3) was found in humid reeds. In our study site which is quite large only 30 plant species considered to be invasive were found (just 5 % out of the total number of all our found species). Then 57 plant species can be regarded as neophytes. All not indigenous plant species (including naturalized) cover 25 % of the whole study site. According to the literature survey other 132 plant species are noted from Tovačov lakes (25 other plant species belonging to the Red list, 8 invasive species, 24 neophytes).

Spiders (Araneae) In total 107 spider species belonging to 15 families were found in our study area (Tab. 4, Fig. 12). Sheet

weavers from the Linyphiidae family (16 species) and wolf spiders from the Lycosidae family belonged to the most frequent species. Majority of recorded spiders is considered to be common species living mainly in forest and open habitats. We found 4 species from the Red list – Ozyptila brevipes and Myrmarachne formicaria as vulnerable species (VU) and Tmarus stellio and Arctosa cinerea as endangered species (EN). The findings of following spider species can be evaluated as regionally important: Synema globosum, Larinioides patagiatus, Donacochara speciosa or Heliophanus auratus.

Harvestmen (Opiliones) In total 7 harvestman species belonging to 3 different families were found in our study area (Tab. 4). They

belonged to the common forest and open habitat species. Phalangium opilio was the most frequent species at the locality.

Dragonflies (Odonata) In total 27 Odonata species (11 of the Zygoptera suborder and 16 of the Anisoptera suborder) were

recorded during our survey. It is more than one third of the dragonfly species occurring in the Czech Republic. We found 8 species from the Red list – Erythromma viridulum, Ischnura pumilio, Sympecma fusca and Sympetrum striolatum as nearly threatened species (NT), Anax parthenope and Aeshna affinis as vulnerable species (VU) and Orthetrum brunneum and Ophiogomphus cecilia as endangered species (EN).

Indigenous population was confirmed for 6 species and likely indigenous one for 11 species (Tab. 5). The banks of the oldest lake with rich water vegetation was the most favorite biotope for in total 18 species of the dragonflies. Aeshna mixta and Erythromma viridulumwere the most typical species there. Younger lakes with minimum of water vegetation were inhabited by dragonflies less. Shallow warm lagoons were inhabited by Orthetrum albystilum and Sympetrum striolatum. Small water sites (puddles and small pools with minimum water vegetation at strongly anthropogenic sites) were inhabited by Ischnura pumilio, Sympetrum striolatum and threatened Orthetrum brunneum. Nevertheless indigenous population of this species was not recorded.

Orthopterans (Orthoptera), Earwigs (Dermaptera) and Mantids (Dictyoptera) In total 17 species of the Orthoptera order and 3 species of the Dermaptera order were found in our study area (Tab. 8, Fig. 12). Majority of the species found belong to the common and frequently occurring species. We found two rare species – pacvrček písečný (Xya variegata) as vulnerable and škvor velký (Labirura riparia) as endangered species. Both species are connected with wet sandy banks of rivers and sandpits. Also the only mantis of the Czech Republic – Mantis religiosa considered to be vulnerable was found.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) In total 112 butterfly species of the 16 families were recorded (Tab. 6). Common and frequent species from

the forest and open habitats and from the humid forest edges or prevailed. We found 3 species from the Red list [15] – Cupido decoloratus as nearly threatened species (NT) and Mormo maura and Iphiclides podalirius as vulnerable species (VU). The findings of following butterfly species can be evaluated as regionally important – Archanara geminipuncta and Macrochilo cribrumalis which are connected with humid reeds. Also one of the Czech biggest butterflies was found – Saturnia cf. pavoniella.

Daily butterfly community of Tovačov sandpit can be labeled as poor. Majority of species was recorded at the mowed coastal sites in the part 2b. Soumračník máčkový (Erynnis tages) is the most common species of the non-forested anthropogenic sites of the Tovačov sandpit. More numerous Nymphalidae populations were recorded in the summer at the part 3a during sucking of ripened Prunus cerasifera.

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Beetles (Coleoptera) In the Tovačov sandpit 282 beetle species of 43 families (Tab. 7, Fig. 11) were found during our survey.

Superfamily Curculinoidea (Anthribidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Nanophyidae and Rhynchitidae) with 81 species and ground beetles (Carabidae) with 70 species were the most numerous groups. Most of the species found there are common frequent species but the site is so unique that it allows to survive to some rare threatened species of the Czech Republic. Majority of the rare species is typical for open habitats with minimum vegetation (see Discussion). In total 7 species in the category endangered were found according to the Czech law. Also 21 species from the Red list were recorded. Harmonia axyridis was the only invasive species found.

Amphibians (Amphibia) In total 7 amphibian species were recorded (Tab. 9). Six of them are listed in the Red list as nearly

threatened (NT). All of these species are protected by law in the Czech Republic. Successfully reproducing, strong and interbreeding populations of the „zelených skokanů” Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax esculentus complex are present in all big water sites at the locality despite of high levels of kept fish. Green toad (Bufotes viridis) is the typical inhabitant of the Tovačov sandpit using water sites just in the time of reproduction. Tadpoles and eggs were found in all small sunny water sites with minimum of vegetation and without fish predators at the open anthropogenic sites.

Reptiles (Reptilia) Just 2 reptile species were recorded (Tab. 9). Common lizard (Lacerta agilis) is the species present in Red list

as nearly threatened (NT). It is also protected by Czech law as the endangered species. Užovka obojková (Natrix natrix) is the second reptile species found and it is also protected by Czech law as the endangered species. Both species populations are strong and frequent at the study site and reproduce here successfully and regularly. They inhabited sunny sand walls at the lake banks where they find food and shelters. They also inhabited technically recultivated banks. They are not negatively influenced by recreation at the study site.

Biotopes We found 21 biotopes from the Habitat Catalogue of the Czech Republic (Fig. 5, 6, 7; Tab. 3) in our study

area. Natural biotopes include 8 biotopes and cover 28 % of our study area. The rest of the percents include biotopes strongly affected or created by human (category X). Biotopes important for nature conservation (V1F, M1.1, M1.3, M2.1, L1, X6, X7A a X12A) cover the area of 70 ha (13 % of the whole study area). These biotopes (anthropogenic influenced) are located mainly at the sites prepared for mining or at the sites created during working with mined material. All naturally rich and valuable places are connected to coastal zones of the lakes and humid sites (Fig. 8).

Field studies The main variability gradient was connected with the humidity conditions of the site (dry versus humid). Dry

type is correlated with nutrient rich type of substrate. This type of substrate is usually delivered to the site during technical recultivation. These two factors are changing succession very much. The second gradient is correlated with succession age and disturbances (Fig. 13). Technical recultivation has very deep impact for following succession. Differences in the species composition variability between younger and older sites is lower at the technically recultivated sites than at the ecological succession created ones. Technically recultivated sites are going almost just in one direction and these sites become homogenous quite quickly. The sites created by ecological succession have bigger heterogeneity of microhabitats and species exchange is higher. Final succession stage (forest) can be achieved by ecological succession almost in the same time as by the technical recultivation. Sites that are younger in succession have bigger diversity of the species composition (Fig. 14). Not disturbed sites gets different from the disturb ones during time significantly (Fig. 15). More disturbances can stop the succession (especially in coastal zone vegetation).

Most variability of species composition in studied set (rough influence) can be explained by influence of the nutrient rich substrate (Tab. 12, 13). Other important factors are (in descending order, rough influence): succession age, humidity conditions and the occurrence of disturbance.

According to partial DCA analysis of the species composition with removing the influence of the humidity conditions main variability direction can be interpreted as the gradient of disturbance and time (from disturbed mainly young sites to non-disturbed mainly older sites). Younger sites are typical by species of not-covered disturbed substrates, for example Bolboschoenus, Typha latifolia, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Alisma lanceolata, Cyperus fuscus or Eleocharis acicularis. Technically (by afforestation) recultivated sites are typical by species of mid- and eutrophic habitats, for example Urtica dioica, Sambucus nigra, Galium aparine and Glechoma hederacea (Fig. 16).

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During the survey community composition of spiders (Fig. 17) and bugs (Fig. 18) was also assessed by analyzing samples of soil traps by DCA. In the case of spiders first two DCA ordination axes explain 65 % of the variability in species data. Main variability direction of the species composition of spiders along the first ordination axis is associated with a humidity gradient, which is combined with a gradient of disturbance and succession age. In the left side of the ordination diagram we can find communities of spiders occuring in older sites, mostly forest or shrub vegetation on relatively drier sites, with high abundances of litter on the soil surface. For these habitats Centromerus sylvaticus, Diplostyla concolor or Trochosa terricola are typical species. In the right side of the ordination diagram, there are communities of spiders typical rather for wetter habitats. The second most significant gradient (along the second axis) is connected with the type of the substrate and the ratio of the uncovered surface. At the bottom of the ordination diagram species Arctosa cinerea, Pardosa agrestis, Robertus arundineti and Xerolycosa miniata are found, which indicate the uncovered sites with little vegetation, thus early successional stages. Oedothorax retusus and Arctosa cinerea also prefer areas with higher humidity, therefore the banks of the water. At the top of the ordination diagram Pirata latitans, Pardosa amentata and Trochosa spinipalpis are found – typical for more developed herbaceous vegetation on sand with soils.

In the case of beetles first two DCA ordination axes explain the smaller proportion of the total variability in the species data set (45 %). Like for plants and spiders the main gradient is associated with habitat moisture (dry vs. wet), which correlates with a gradient of disturbance. The left side of the ordination diagram indicates the species with connection to older successional stages with developed vegetation (often in technically recultivated sites). Technically recultivated sites are mainly inhabited by eurytopic rather common species, often linked to the forest environment, such as Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Abax parallelepipedus and Phosphuga atrata. The right side of the ordination diagram indicates the species typical for disturbed sites. Similarly to the spiders the second most important gradient (along the second axis) is connected with the nature of the substrate and the ratio of the uncovered surface. Disturbed moister habitats created by spontaneous ecological succession are inhabited by species typical for river sediments such as Chlaenius nitidulus, Cylindera arenaria or Omophron limbatum. Sandy habitats with little vegetation are inhabited by species such as Barypeithes mollicomus, Cicindela hybrida, Cicindela campestris or Cylindera germanica.

Discussion Inventory surveys were conducted only for one season and so the the number of taxa is not certainly finite.

Plants were compared with the literature [7, 8, 9, 10, 11] found 132 species more. But it is probably caused by setting the solutions of our study site. Most of our study site did not agree with the outlined boundaries from the literature. Many species are found only in the vicinity of Tovačov lakes (eg. Arum or Allium scorodoprasum) and some species are only grown in nearby gardens. Apparently cultivated species were not recorded in this survey. Some of determination difficult species may also be a confusion (eg. Festuca brevipila vs. F. psammophila) and confusion may occur even in the field thanks to lax approach to determining the well recognizable species (Ailanthus altissima vs. Juglans nigra). Number of species found this year in comparison with botanical surveys in size similar area (protected reserves) [37, 38, 39, 40] shows that it is a botanically very rich territory despite the fact that it is largely composed of water surface without vegetation . Regarding spiders and beetles the number of species found is also relatively high.

Most of the Tovacov lakes have no larger littoral areas. Despite this fact several rare aquatic macrophyte species were found. For this group the most important littoral zone is located at the lake III. Its rich coastal population of Najas marina and Potamogeton nodosus probably developed as a result of a combination of water purity and lower stocking of large herbivorous fish in the past (eg. carp and grass carp). Although there is not ideal lake littoral zone, the purity of the water allows the development of rich macrophyte vegetation communities. In some places there are continuous vegetation units at a depth of over 2 meters. Thanks to the considerable gains, these plants are able to compensate for grazing, and therefore the current fish stock is likely to not have a negative impact. Smaller populations of macrophytes are also located in other lakes. The lake IV development of these communities is hindered by high turbidity of water and artificial waves caused by sand mining. The lake I and II development of any aquatic plants is likely prevented by grazing of large herbivorous fish. The same situation is at the site 7f. Riding a jet ski or speedboats might be another threat. More frequent waves disrupt the growth of plants with floating leaves and shallower littoral zones and it is certainly one of the limiting factors in the development of wetland communities [41].

Littoral zones of the lake III (in parts with rich submerged aquatic vegetation) host also the most varied dragonfly communities. In comparison with the number of recorded species of dragonflies in anthropogenic

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water sites created by mining of the hard coal in Karvinsko region [42] can be our study site at the Tovacov lake III identify as the poor one. This can be explained by increased fish stocking, which negatively affects the development of aquatic vegetation and thus the dragonfly communities in all lakes in the area of our interest. Still lake III hosts a strong population of Erythromma viridulum. This species is bound to the water surface with developed floating water vegetation [42, 43]. Findings of following species can be considered as regionally important: Anax parthenope, Aeshna affinis and Crocothemis erythrea. However, the indigenous population of these species could not be proved.

Surprisingly, very small number of species of water beetles was found (Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae and Haliplidae). It seems deep littoral zones are not suitable for aquatic beetles. Most species inhabit mainly sunny pools and small lakes at the site 4b. For water bugs smaller pools around large lakes should be created (similar as for amphibians) or to modify littoral zones to be gradual and shallow.

Humid reeds at the lake edges are biologically valuable. In the surrounding ponds this biotope slowly disappears due to intensive fish farming, or it was not developed at all there. Moreover, the presence of littoral vegetation positively influences the character of the aquatic ecosystem and water quality [44, 45]. There are not so many rare species of plants occuring in the reeds at the Tovačov lakes (for example just Epilobium parviflorum – C3), but the potential of the reeds is much higher. There was also detected quite a diverse community of wetland species of spiders with several prominent representatives such as Myrmarachne formicaria, Donacochara speciosa or Heliophanus auratus. In the reeds biotope specialists from Lepidoptera group occur, too, for example Archanara geminipuncta or Macrochilo cribrumalis. These are hygrophilous species of the family Noctuidae with a narrow food-bound to the humid reeds [46].

Willow shrubs often develop at the edges of lakes. They serve as a food for beavers. Beaver damaged trees are specific habitat for rare longhorn beetles as Aromia moschata and Lamia textor. Both species are now disappearing from the landscape like the old willows and willows grown on the head [47]. At appropriate places rich wet alder forests are connected to the humid reeds. Riparian water vegetation is also inhabited by Mormo maura, which in the open landscape is threatened especially by insensitive technical modification of water flows and excessive felling of riparian vegetation.

Most rare and endangered plant species were found at the sites not-covered with vegetation or at the wet sites (Fig. 20). Relatively large fluctuations of water level during the year can raise species diversity during the restoration from the seeds [48, 49]. In the Tovačov lakes these fluctuations enable the development of communities of species connected with uncovered bottoms. These biotopes are developed mainly in a gradual descent shores caused by storing historical mining residuals or at the edges of shallow pools and not-shaded sites on the exposed surfaces ready for mining. Artificial biotopes of uncovered bottoms are not-covered wet sites created by the movement of heavy machinery or by disruption of humid reeds by a movement of holidaymakers and fishermen.

One of the most valuable sites in the area of our study were created by actual mining, respectively by creating of mining residuals and storing them at the edges of lakes. The recently abandoned mining residual site (7f) is now inhabited by many interesting species of spiders. Most important one is relatively large population of Arctosa cinerea. At the shrubby edges of this site relatively rare Ozyptila brevipes was found in reed debris. It can be assumed that in appropriate places (such as vertical walls in the banks of the nearby lakes) very rare Sitticus dzieduszyckii and Caviphantes saxetorum could occur. These species typically occur on sandy gravel sediments of the Morava River in the nearby Zástudánčí NPR [50]. Critically endangered click beetles Negastrius sabulicola and Zorochros meridionalis inhabit sandy gravel sediments of rivers and use the young minig residual sites without vegetation as a secondary habitat. These two species are typical for sand and gravel sediments of rivers with little vegetation [32]. Another click beetle (Z. meridionalis) is known for using quarries, sand pits and railway embankments as secondary habitat [51, 52]. The genus Bembidion belongs to the other species typical for wet sand and gravel river sediments, including rare Xya variegata, Labidura riparia, endangered species Bembidion testaceum and vulnerable species Bembidion modestum. These two ground beetles are typical for not-shadowed river banks without vegetation, just like rare Nebria livida, Perileptus areolatus, Dyschirius nitidus or Cylindera arenaria [5]. Related Cylindera germanica prefers drier sites because it is typical species of grasslands and field margins [53]. Drier sites with no vegetation are used by Meloe proscarabaeus whose larvae parasitize in the nests of Hymenoptera. Sites with little amount of the vegetation on wet sands with decaying vegetation [54] are inhabited by Anthicus sellatus. In contrast, vegetated banks are prefered by vulnerable species Pterostichus gracilis, Tetartopeus rufonitidus and endangered species Phaedon laevigatus (that lives at Galeopsis spp.). The occurence of most of these rare beetle species is known also from the nearby Zástudánčí NPR [55, 56]. Unregulated river stream with sandy gravel deposits is protected there. It seems many rare species can use mining residual sites without vegetation

8

as a secondary habitat (Fig. 19). Also bryophytes found at the sites not-covered with vegetation grow in Zástudánčí at the banks of the Morava River [57, 58].

The above-mentioned communities are very rare in the central Moravia and they should be the main objective of nature protection of this area. Littoral sites as well as other field depressions are often a place where the soil created during mining preparations, spoil or mining residuals are stored. Thus a large number of rare species can disappear from the site very quickly. In the past the lake with the occurrence of Myriophyllum verticillatum and Potamogeton trichoides was filled – both C3 species. This year the site with the occurence of Carex bohemica – C4a species – was destroyed. Any technical recultivation is fatal for most of the rare species living in these exposed habitats – especially the portion of topsoil and subsoil or subsequent planting of trees or grass. Gradual creation of shallower water in places with steep banks is definitely much better use of the topsoil or subsoil. The disappearance of these rare species is also happening at the final stages of ecological succession, but some other rare species may discover – for example at the sunny edge of a young forest formed by natural seeding very rare Tmarus stellio was catched.

Not all technically not recultivated site with mining residuals is able to maintain its biodiversity. The most valuable ones are those where a slow gradient from the shallows in the lake to xerotherm habitats was created. In areas that have lost contact with the littoral zone of lakes, the species composition is much poorer. The oldest site sedimentation took place right on the edge of the lake VI. After completion of storage in the 80s a continuous gradient of environmental conditions was created with different subsequent communities of uncovered bottoms, reeds, humid willow shrubs and forests along with dry not-covered substrates. Other storage sites for mining residuals are bounded by high banks and filled to their surface. During the period of their service they can serve to many rare species (eg. Equisetum ramosissimum known from the site 7e [10]). After completion of storing mining residuals however, the area is quickly drying and virtually all species present disappear, with the exception of those with high ecological valence (eg. reed and cane). The only ones rare species present at such locations are beetles that are tied to the sunny bare substrates. It would be much better to stop storing mining residuals in a time when it creates sandy islands and shallow water sites. The current, up to 3 m tall banks could thus be very low and after stopping storing mining residuals they could serve as littoral zone.

Neither the sites prepared for mining may not always offer suitable conditions for the creation of ephemeral communities. Wavy terrain with many different heights and substrates is not always created. Such environment is dependent not only on the properties of the mining site, but also on a method of removing the soil by excavators. It can be seen especially at the borders of the various stages of the mining. During some periods wavy terrain with many different heights and substrates is created during mining preparations. In other times monotonously stripped substrate is created at the same bedrock. Although these are sites prepared for early excavation, specific communities are developed there, which, thanks to the continuity of habitat (sites prepared for mining are connected with each other all the time mining follow) provide permanent existence of ephemeral plants and rare animals (eg. the successful reproduction of green toads is possible there at one of two locations in the area of interest).

Small water sites created by mining equipment movements or by mining of material on the exposed sites of the studied area were settled by Ischnura pumilio or Orthetrum brunneum. They are considered to be rare, pioneer species of dragonflies, which are often the first colonizers of newly created water sites. They disappear later in connection with the ongoing ecological succession [42]. Small water sites are also important for the lives of amphibians in anthropogenic habitats of our study area. They are used for egg laying and larval development of green toads (Bufotes viridis) and green tree frogs (Hyla arborea). These species prefer the sunny shallows of the new, small water sites, often in sand pits [59].

These water sites are characterized by little vegetation, the absence of fish predators, warm water and susceptibility to extinction by vegetation overgrowing and drying. Their presence clearly increases species richness of the area and it is necessary for the existence of a series of species protected by law.

Scarce ruderal vegetation is the last interesting habitat. It may be a secondary habitat for rare weeds such as Kickxia elatine found at the disturbed sites. Furthermore, vulnerable weevil species Cyphocleonus dealbatus live at these biotopes, although it has been slowly disappearing from the Czech countryside for a long time [60]. Thistles from these biotopes are necessary for the development of Larinus sturnus. Endangered Cassida rufovirens live at the Matricaria spp. growing in these biotopes. In sites with scarce ruderal vegetation we can also observe the occurence of Cupido decoloratus, which is currently spreading and colonizing anthropogenic habitats of ruderal character [61].

These sites are soon overgrown with cane or reed and the other competitively strong species. It is therefore necessary to mechanically disrupt them regularly, as well as all other habitats exposed to the bare substrate-bound species.

9

Conclusions and recommendations Coastal lake zones and disturbed open habitats hosted most biologically valuable biotopes. Coastal lake

zones are recovered periodically by fluctuation of the unstable water level. Disturbed open habitats are strongly transitory and under the influence of ecological succession. These habitats are quickly vanishing that is why it is necessary to recover them by periodical management. These open habitats were created during the mining so mining is very important process for their creation. To improve the functionality and quality of these valuable biotopes we suggest following set of measures.

1. Sites which are prepared for mining (4a) should be created in several different heights to set up new small water sites and substrates with different granularity (Fig. 21).

2. Sites which are used as deposit places for mining residuals should be not filled up to the top of the banks (usually 3 meters above water level – 7e, 7c). It is better to stop depositing when sandy island is created and shallow water sites are half of the whole area (Fig. 22).

3. The banks dividing smaller parts of the lakes should be low to allow willow shrubs and reeds to develop in the future.

4. By mining and depositing the residuals heterogeneous coastal line should be created (Fig. 23). 5. Under plough-layer material and other not used materials should not be deposited at the slag

heaps but used to create different coastal zones. 6. Field depressions, coastal zones and small lakes and pools should be not filled with mining

residuals. These residuals should be placed to direct and steep parts of the banks in order to create shallower water. Coastal zones should be 30 cm to 1,5 m deep with maximum of 4° inclination. Low inclination is appropriate in connection with fluctuating heights of the mater levels. Watering the mined material or uneven terrain are advantageous.

To keep and increase the current biological values of most valuable sites we suggest following management.

7. Site 8b (alternatively 7e and dry part with birches at the site 7a) should be kept non-forested and open (primarily the place with occurrence of Labidura riparia). This can be done by occasional crossing of mining mechanization and removing dense vegetation. Recreation can be good management too, especially bathing or a formation of motorcycle track.

8. Site 7f should be kept non-forested with occasional surface disturbances. 9. With a periodicity of several years new pools should be created. At resent, suitable sites are 7b, 7f,

8b and 7a (and possibly other sites at the edges of lakes during creation of littoral zones). The pools can be periodic. In selected pools endangered species of fish (such as Leucaspius delineatus and Carassius carassius) can be raised in cooperation with Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic. Interventions such as disruption of littoral vegetation and small pools should be carried out in the autumn and winter months.

10. Management like coastal zone disturbances and small lake disturbances should be done during autumn or winter.

11. Large species of herbivorous fish species (like grass carp) should be not bred in any water site. In small water sites no fish at all should be bred (with the exception of point 9).

12. In the neighborhood of train sidetrack shrubs should be reduced continuously to provide intense lightening of the site.

13. Grasslands near the railway track (and also all the other ones) should be mowed not at once but by the form of mosaic.

In the future we recommend to do the following management.

14. Separately standing indigenous oak trees should be planted or cleared from the shrub formations and natural seeding forests.

15. Material from 7e site should be spread into the lake I site and material from 7c site (alternatively 8b site) to the lake IV site.

16. Garbage from whole area of the Tovačov sandpit should be removed in order to clear the locality. 17. During forest sorting out of the forests created by non-indigenous tree species (1a, 2c, 3c, 6b a 6d)

indigenous and naturally appropriate tree species should be favored. All forest sites should be kept open.

Acknowledgements: Blanka Brandová, Martin Duchoslav, Zbyněk Hradílek, Tomáš Vávra

10

List of Appendix:

LIST OF PICTURES AND TABLES: ...................................................................................................................... 11

APPENDIX 1: MAPS ........................................................................................................................................ 12

APPENDIX 2: LIST OF TAXA FOUND................................................................................................................. 24

APPENDIX 3: DATA AND RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES. ..................................................................................... 41

APPENDIX 4: COMMENTS ON SELECTED FINDS .............................................................................................. 46

Bryophytes (Bryophyta) ................................................................................................................................ 46 Vascular plants (Tracheophyta) .................................................................................................................... 46 Spiders (Araneae) ......................................................................................................................................... 47 Dragonflies (Odonata) .................................................................................................................................. 47 Orthopterans (Orthoptera) and Earwigs (Dermaptera) ............................................................................... 48 Butterflies (Lepidoptera) ............................................................................................................................... 48 Beetles (Coleoptera) ..................................................................................................................................... 48

APPENDIX 5: BIOLOGICALLY VALUABLE SITES. ................................................................................................ 50

APPENDIX 6: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................... 52

REFERENCES: .................................................................................................................................................. 53

11

List of Pictures and Tables: Figure 1: Specification of studied area and sub-area. ........................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: Specification of sub-sites – zoological part. ........................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Specification of sub-sites – botanical part. ............................................................................................ 14 Figure 4: Specification of sub-area for field studies. ............................................................................................. 15 Figure 5: Habitats – part Tovačov. ........................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 6: Habitats – part Troubky.......................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 7: Habitats – part Island. ............................................................................................................................ 18 Figure 8: Visualization of the standard deviations of the values of habitats. ....................................................... 19 Figure 9: Interesting findings – plants from Red list in category C2 and C3. ........................................................ 20 Figure 10: Interesting findings – some rare, interesting and selected non-native species. .................................. 21 Figure 11: Interesting findings – Beetles. .............................................................................................................. 22 Figure 12: Interesting findings – Spiders and species from others insect groups. ................................................ 23 Figure 13: DCA ordination diagram analysis without covariates. ......................................................................... 42 Figure 14: Ordination diagram of samples with projected classification into categories of disturbances (S = 0 – without disturbance, S = 1 – with disturbance) with site age shown. .................................................................. 43 Figure 15: Ordination diagram of samples with projected classification into categories of disturbances (S = 0 – without disturbance, S = 1 – with disturbance) with site age shown. .................................................................. 43 Figure 16: Partial DCA analysis of species composition with removing moisture regime of the site. .................. 44 Figure 17: DCA analysis of species composition of spiders. Values were extracted, displaying only species with a higher weight in the analysis................................................................................................................................. 45 Figure 18: DCA analysis of species composition of beetles. Values were extracted, displaying only species with a higher weight in the analysis................................................................................................................................. 45 Figure 19: Fauna at the mining residual site during first stage of succesion. From the left top: Nebria livida, Labidura riparia, Meloe proscarabaeus, Cicindela hybrida, Arctosa cinerea, Cylindera arenaria. ....................... 50 Figure 20: Important plants of uncovered bottoms. Vegetation of Cyperus fuscus in front of reed vegetation. From top left – Alisma lanceolatum, Ranunculus sceleratus, Carex bohemica, Limosella aquatica, Centaurium pulchellum. ............................................................................................................................................................ 51 Figure 21: The appearance of the area prepared for mining. (source: mapy.cz a googlemaps.com). ................. 52 Figure 22: Depositing of mining residuals and its appearance at the end of storage. (source: mapy.cz) ............ 52 Figure 23: The appearance of the coastline. (source: mapy.cz) ............................................................................ 52

Table 1: List of Charophyta, Liverworts and Mosses. ............................................................................................ 24 Table 2: List of Vascular plants. ............................................................................................................................. 24 Table 3: List of habitats in the studied area. ......................................................................................................... 31 Table 4: List of Spiders and Harvestmen. .............................................................................................................. 32 Table 5: List of Dragonflies. ................................................................................................................................... 33 Table 6: List of Butterflies. .................................................................................................................................... 34 Table 7: List of Beetles. ......................................................................................................................................... 36 Table 8: List of other insect groups. ...................................................................................................................... 40 Table 9: List of Amphibians and Reptiles. ............................................................................................................. 40 Table 10: List of Molluscs and Mammals. ............................................................................................................. 40 Table 11: Environmental factors in places of phytosociological plots. ................................................................. 41 Table 12: The marginal effect of each variable on the species composition of the studied areas. Sorted by variables that best explains for the largest percentage of variability to the variable that explains it worse. ...... 42 Table 13: The selection of variables that explains the floristic composition of the plots in the best way and most significantly (forward analysis). ............................................................................................................................. 42

12

Appendix 1: Maps

Figure 1: Specification of studied area and sub-area.

13

Figure 2: Specification of sub-sites – zoological part.

14

Figure 3: Specification of sub-sites – botanical part.

15

Figure 4: Specification of sub-area for field studies.

16

Figure 5: Habitats – part Tovačov.

17

Figure 6: Habitats – part Troubky.

18

Figure 7: Habitats – part Island.

19

Figure 8: Visualization of the standard deviations of the values of habitats.

20

Figure 9: Interesting findings – plants from Red list in category C2 and C3.

21

Figure 10: Interesting findings – some rare, interesting and selected non-native species.

22

Figure 11: Interesting findings – Beetles.

23

Figure 12: Interesting findings – Spiders and species from others insect groups.

24

Appendix 2: List of taxa found Table 1: List of Charophyta, Liverworts and Mosses.

RS taxa

1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

Charophyta

Chara globularis J.L.Thuiller

Chara vulgaris L. * *

Liverworts

Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier

*

Moss

Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp.

*

Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv.

*

Barbula convoluta Hedw.

Barbula unguiculata Hedw.

* *

Bryum argenteum Hedw.

*

* *

Bryum dichotomum Hedw.

* *

* *

DD Bryum gemmiferum R. Wilczek & Demaret

*

Bryum sp.

*

*

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid

*

Dicranella schreberiana (Hedw.) Dixon

*

Dicranella staphylina H. Whitehouse

*

Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp.

*

*

Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.

*

Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.

*

*

Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson

*

*

Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.

*

Table 2: List of Vascular plants.

Inv – Invasive status for alien species: cas = casual, nat = naturalized, inv = invasive, cult = cultivated species never recorded as escaped; Res – Residence time status: no entry = native, ar = archaeophyte, neo = neophyte. RS – Red list classification – C1 = critically endangered species, C2 = endangered species, C3 = vulnerable species, C4a = lower risk – near threatened, C4b = lower risk – data deficient; for categories C1 and C2: t = declining trend, b = combination of declining trend and rarity; aut = only autochthonous populations evaluated. (*) species found only near close to the studied area; Lit – species known from literature: × = species confirmed, + = species unconfirmed; T = species known in the Tovačov part, Tr = taxa known in the Troubky part; herb. = taxa documented in herbarium sheet.

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

Acer campestre L. * *

* *

* *

* *

* * *

× [12]; T [10]

inv neo

Acer negundo L. *

* *

* * *

* *

* * *

× [12]; T [10]

Acer platanoides L. *

* *

* * * *

* *

* *

* *

× [12]; T [10]

Acer pseudoplatanus L. * * * *

* * * * * * *

*

* * *

* *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

cas neo

Acer tataricum L.

*

herb. nat neo

Acorus calamus L.

+ T [10]

Adoxa moschatellina L.

*

Aegopodium podagraria L.

*

* *

*

× [12]; T [10] nat neo

Aesculus hippocastanum L. *

*

× [12]; T [10]

Aethusa cynapium L.

+ [12]; T [10]

C4a

Aethusa cynapium ssp. elata (Friedl. ex Fisch.) Schübl. et G. Martens

*

(*)

*

*

*

Agrimonia eupatoria L. *

* * *

* * * *

*

* *

* × [12]; T [10]

Agrostis capillaris L.

*

× T [10]; herb.

nat neo

Agrostis gigantea Roth * *

* * * * * *

*

*

× T [8]; herb.

Agrostis stolonifera L. * * *

*

* * * * * * * *

* *

*

* *

* * × T [10]; herb.

Achillea collina (Becker ex Wirtg.) Heimerl

*

herb.

Achillea millefolium agg. * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

*

×

T [10]; The majority of the population likely belong to A. collina

inv neo

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle

+ T [10]

Ajuga reptans L. *

*

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Alchemilla vulgaris L. s. l.

+ T [10]

Alisma lanceolatum With.

*

*

× T [8]; T [10]; herb.

Alisma plantago-aquatica L. * *

*

*

* * * *

* *

* * × T, Tr [8]; T [9]; T [10]; herb.

Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara et Grande *

*

* *

* * *

× [12]; T [10]

Allium scorodoprasum L.

+ T [10]

C3 aut Allium schoenoprasum L.

+ T [10]

C4a Allium ursinum L. *

*

*

× T [10]

Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. * * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * × [12]; T [10]

Alnus incana (L.) Moench *

*

× [12]

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. * *

*

* * * * *

*

*

* * × T, Tr [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Alopecurus pratensis L. *

× T [10]

Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L.

*

nat neo

Amaranthus albus L.

+ T [8]; T [10]

inv neo

Amaranthus powellii S. Watson

*

* *

× T [10] inv neo

Amaranthus retroflexus L.

* * * *

*

*

× T [10]

nat neo

Amorpha fruticosa L.

*

nat ar

Anagallis arvensis L. *

* * * * * * *

*

× T [10]

Anemone nemorosa L. *

*

× T [10]

Anemone ranunculoides L.

*

× T [10]

Angelica sylvestris L.

* *

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Anchusa officinalis L.

+ T [10]

Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

+ T [10]

Anthriscus nitida (Wahlenb.) Hazsl.

*

(*)

× [12]; T [8]

Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. * *

*

* * * *

*

*

* *

× T [9]

nat ar

Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.

*

× T [10]

Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée

+ T [10]

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

*

* *

nat ar

Arctium lappa L. *

* *

* *

* * *

* *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Arctium tomentosum Mill. * *

*

* * *

* *

*

*

× [12]; T [10] cas ar

Arctium x ambiguum (Čelak.) Nyman

*

× T [10]

Arenaria serpyllifolia L. *

* *

*

*

*

* × T [10]

25

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

nat ar

Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn. et al.

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10] inv ar

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. Presl et C. Presl * *

* *

* * * *

* * * * * * *

* * *

* * × T [10]

Artemisia vulgaris L. * *

*

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * * × [12]; T [10]

C4a Arum cylindraceum Gasp.

(*)

× [12]; T [9]; T [10]

Asarum europaeum L.

+ [12]; T [10]

Asparagus officinalis L.

*

*

cas neo

Astragalus glycyphyllos DC. * *

* *

* * *

* * * * * *

× T [10]

Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth

*

*

* *

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Atriplex patula L. *

* *

× T [10] inv ar

Atriplex sagittata Borkh.

* *

× T [10]

nat ar

Atriplex tatarica L.

+ T [10] nat ar

Avena fatua L.

* *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Ballota nigra L. *

* * *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton

* *

× T [10]

C3 Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach *

*

* *

*

*

*

* *

× T [7]; T [9]

Bellis perennis L.

*

× T [10]

cas

neo Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch

+ T [10]

nat ar

Berteroa incana (L.) DC.

+ T [10]

Betula pendula Roth * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * *

* * * × [12]; T [9]; T [10]

Betula pubescens Ehrh.

*

herb.

Bidens cernuus L.

*

herb.

inv neo

Bidens frondosus L. * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * * × T [9]; T [10]

Bidens tripartilus L. *

*

*

* *

* × T [10]

C4a

Bolboschoenus cf. planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova

*

*

herb.

C4a Bolboschoenus laticarpus Marhold et al.

* * * *

* *

× T [8]; herb.

Bolboschoenus sp. *

*

*

*

* × T [9]

Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv.

+ T [10]

Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. *

*

*

*

* * *

* * * * * *

× [12]; T [10]

cas ar

Brassica napus L.

*

*

* *

× T [10] cas ar

Brassica oleracea L.

*

Bromus inermis Leyss.

*

nat ar C4a Bromus japonicus Thunb.

*

*

nat ar

Bromus sterilis L. *

*

* * * *

*

*

*

× T [10] nat ar

Bromus tectorum L.

*

* *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Bromus hordeaceus L. * *

* *

* * * * * *

* *

*

× T [10] nat neo

Buddleya davidii Franch.

*

inv neo

Bunias orientalis L.

*

C4a Butomus umbellatus L.

(*)

Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth

+ T [10]

Calamagrostis canescens (F. H. Wigg.) Roth

*

herb.

Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth * * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * × [12]; T [10]

cas neo

Calendula officinalis L.

+ T [10]

Caltha palustris L.

+ T [10]

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. *

* * *

* * *

*

*

× [12]; T [8]; T [10]

Campanula patula L.

*

× T [10]

Campanula rapunculoides L.

*

Campanula trachelium L. *

*

*

*

* * *

* × [12]; T [10] nat ar

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. *

* * * * * * * * *

× T [10]

Cardamine impatiens L.

*

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Carduus acanthoides L.

*

* * * * * *

*

*

× T [10]

Carduus crispus L. *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

Carex acuta L. * * * *

*

* *

*

* *

*

Carex acutiformis Ehrh. *

*

*

× T [8]; herb.

C4a Carex bohemica Schreb.

*

× T [9]; herb.

Carex brizoides L.

*

× T [10]

C4a Carex buekii Wimm.

+ [12]; T [8]

Carex digitata L.

+ T [10]

Carex hirta L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* *

* *

*

* * * * × T [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Carex leporina L.

+ T [10]

C4a Carex otomana A. M. Molina et al.

*

*

*

× T [10]; herb.

C4a Carex pseudocyperus L.

*

*

* herb.

C4a Carex riparia Curtis

*

* × T [10]; herb.

Carex spicata Huds.

*

*

*

*

*

× T [10]

Carex sylvatica Huds.

*

(*)

× T [10]

Carex vesicaria L.

*

*

× T [8]; herb.

Carex vulpina L.

*

× T [8]

Carlina vulgaris agg. *

*

Carpinus betulus L.

* *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Centaurea jacea L.

* *

* *

* *

*

× T [10]

Centaurea stoebe L.

*

*

*

× T [10]

Centaurea ×fleischeri Hayek * *

*

* * *

* * * * * *

*

*

× population with charakteristic between C. jacea and C. ×fleischeri; herb.

C4a Centaurium erythraea Rafn *

*

*

* * *

*

* *

*

* × T, Tr [8]

C3 Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce

*

*

* × T [8]

Cerastium arvense L.

+ T [10]

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.

*

*

Cerastium glutinosum Fr. *

*

× T [10]

Cerastium holosteoides Fr. * *

* *

* * * * * * * *

* *

*

*

*

Cerastium lucorum

× T [10]

Ceratophyllum demersum L.

*

× T [7]

Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. *

*

* *

* *

*

× [12]; T [8]

Chaerophyllum hirsutum L.

+ T [10]

Chaerophyllum temulum L.

*

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Chelidonium majus L.

+ [12]; T [10]

Chenopodium album agg. * *

*

* *

* * * * *

× T [10]

Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.

*

× T [10]

Chenopodium hybridum L.

*

* *

Chenopodium polyspermum L. *

* * * * * *

*

*

× T [10]

Chenopodium rubrum L.

+ T [10]

nat neo

Chenopodium strictum Roth

+ T [10]

C3 Chondrilla juncea L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Cichorium intybus L. *

*

* * *

* *

*

* *

× T [10]

Circaea lutetiana L.

*

* *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

inv ar

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

Cirsium canum (L.) All.

*

*

× T [10]

Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop.

+ [12]; T [10]

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* *

* * × T [10]

cas neo

Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh.

*

26

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

Clematis vitalba L.

*

× [12]; T [10]

Clinopodium vulgare L.

*

Colchicum autumnale L.

+ T [8]; T [10]

Consolida regalis Gray

*

Convallaria majalis L.

*

× T [10] nat ar

Convolvulus arvensis L.

* * * *

* * *

* *

*

*

× T [10]

inv neo

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * * × T [10]

Cornus sanguinea L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * * * * * * * * *

*

* * * × [12]; T [10]

Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. et Körte *

*

× T [10]

Corylus avellana L.

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

C4a Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv.

+ T [10]

Crataegus levigata (Poir.) DC.

+ [12]; T [10]

Crataegus monogyna Jacq.

*

*

× T [10]

Crataegus sp.

* *

*

Crataegus ×macrocarpa Hegetschw. *

* *

* *

Crepis biennis L. * *

* *

* * * * * * * *

* *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr.

+ T [10] nat ar C4a Crepis foetida L. subsp. rhoeadifolia (M. Bieb.) Čelak.

*

herb.

nat ar C3 Crepis tectorum L.

+ T [10]

Cruciata laevipes Opiz

+ [12]; T [10]

Cuscuta europaea L.

+ T [10]

C3 Cyperus fuscus L. * *

*

*

* * * *

*

* *

* * × T, Tr [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link

*

Dactylis glomerata L. * * * *

* * * *

* *

*

* *

*

*

× T [10]

Dactylis polygama Horv. *

*

* * * *

* * *

* * * * * *

× T [9]; T [10]

nat neo

Datura stramonium ssp. stramonium

*

Daucus carota L. * *

*

* *

* * * * * *

* * *

* * × T [10]

nat ar

Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantl

* *

*

× T [10]

Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. *

*

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

C4a Dianthus armeria L.

+ T [10]

Dianthus deltoides L.

*

cas neo

Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

* × T [8]

inv ar

Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.

* *

*

× T [9]; herb. nat ar

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

* * * *

× T [10]; herb.

Dipsacus fullonum L. * * *

*

× T [10]

C3 Dipsacus laciniatus L.

*

C3 Dipsacus pilosus L.

*

herb.

Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs

*

*

Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray

*

*

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott

*

*

*

*

nat ar C3 Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin et Clemants

*

herb.

inv neo

Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. et A. Gray

+ T [10] inv ar

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. * *

* * * * * *

*

*

* * * * × T [10]

inv neo

Echinops sphaerocephalus L.

+ T [10]

Echium vulgare L. *

*

* * * * * * *

* * × T [10]

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. et Schult. *

*

*

* *

* * × T [8]

Eleocharis mamillata (H. Lindb.) H. Lindb. * *

* T [10]; herb.

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. et Schult. * *

*

* *

* × T, Tr [8]; T [9]; T [10]; herb.

nat neo

Elodea canadensis Michx.

*

× T [7]; herb.

Elymus caninus (L.) L.

* *

Elymus repens (L.) Gould *

*

* * *

* * *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10] nat neo

Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. *

* * *

* * *

* * * * * * * * *

*

* * * * × T [8]; T [10]

Epilobium angustifolium L.

*

* * *

*

× T [10]

Epilobium hirsutum L. * *

* *

* * * * * *

*

× T [8]; T [10]

C4b Epilobium lamyi F. W. Schultz

* * *

× T [8]; herb.

Epilobium montanum L. * *

× T [10]

C3 Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.

* *

*

*

herb.

Epilobium tetragonum L. * * * * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* × T [8]; T [10]; herb.

Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz

*

*

*

* *

* * *

* × T [8]

Equisetum arvense L. * *

*

* * * * * * * * * * * *

* * *

* × [10]T

Equisetum palustre L. *

*

*

*

* * * * * * × T [8]; T [9]

C2 b Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

+ [10]T

C4a Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.

*

*

herb.

cas neo

Eragrostis albensis H. Scholz * *

* *

*

* *

*

herb. inv ar

Eragrostis minor Host * *

* *

*

* * * * *

× T [10]

inv neo

Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * *

* * × T [10] nat ar

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér.

*

*

Erophilla verna (L.) DC. *

*

*

*

× T [10]

Erysimum durum J. Presl et C. Presl *

*

× T [10]

Erysimum cheiranthoides L.

* *

*

Euonymus europaeus L. *

*

* *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Eupatorium cannabinum L. * * * * *

* * *

* * *

*

* * *

* × T [9]

Euphorbia cyparissias L. *

*

× T [10]

Euphorbia esula L. * * * *

* *

* * *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Euphorbia helioscopia L.

* * *

*

*

× T [10] nat ar

Euphorbia peplus L.

+ T [10]

C3 Euphorbia stricta L. *

× [12]; T [8]

Euphorbia virgata Waldst. et Kit.

+ T [9]

cas neo

Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.

*

Fagus sylvatica L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve * *

*

*

* * * * * * * *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub *

*

* * *

× T [8]; T [10]

Festuca arundinacea Schreb.

* * *

*

Festuca brevipila R. Tracey

*

*

herb.

Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. *

* *

*

* *

* *

* * * * *

× [12]; T [10]

Festuca pratensis Huds. * *

*

* * *

*

*

* × T [10]

C1 t Festuca psammophila (Čelak.) Fritsch

+

T [10]; probably a confusion with F. brevipila

Festuca rubra L. *

* *

*

* *

* *

*

*

Festuca rupicola Heuffel

*

*

× T [10]; herb.

Ficaria verna Huds. ssp. verna *

*

*

× T [10]

C3 Filago arvensis L. *

*

*

*

*

* × T [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.

+ T [10]

cas neo

Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl

+ T [10]

Fragaria vesca L. * *

* * *

* * * * * * * * * *

* × T [10]

Fragaria viridis Weston

*

* *

Frangula alnus Mill.

* *

*

*

× T [10]

C4a aut Fraxinus cf. angustifolia Vahl *

× [12]; T [8]; T [10]; herb.

Fraxinus excelsior L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* * * * * *

× [12]; T [10]

inv neo

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall

*

27

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

Fumaria officinalis L.

*

× T [10]

Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. *

*

× T [10]

nat ar C4a Galega officinalis L.

*

nat neo

Galeobdolon argentatum Smejkal

*

Galeobdolon montanum (Pers.) Rchb.

*

× T [10]

Galeopsis bifida Boenn.

*

× T [10]

Galeopsis pernhofferi Wettst. *

*

*

*

*

× [12]; T [8]

Galeopsis pubescens Besser

(*)

× [12]; T [10]

Galeopsis speciosa Mill.

+ T [10]

Galeopsis tetrahit L.

*

inv neo

Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

(*)

× T [10]

inv neo

Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pav.

* *

× T [10]

Galium album Mill. *

* *

* * * *

* * *

* * * *

*

* * × T [10]

Galium aparine L. * *

*

* * * *

* * * *

* * *

* *

* * × [12]; T [10]

Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. *

*

*

*

herb.

Galium palustre L. *

* × T [8]

C4a Galium rivale (Sm.) Griseb. *

* *

* * *

*

*

* × [12]; T, Tr [8]

Galium sylvaticum L.

+ T [10]

Galium verum L.

+ T [10]

Genista tinctoria L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Geranium dissectum L.

*

* *

*

Geranium pratense L. * *

*

* * *

* *

* *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Geranium pusillum Burm. f. * *

* *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Geranium robertianum L. * *

*

* *

* * * * * *

× [12]; T [10]

Geum urbanum L. * *

*

* * * *

*

*

* * * * * *

Glechoma hederacea L. *

*

* *

* *

* * * * * *

× [12]; T [9]; T [10]

C3 Glechoma hirsuta Waldst. et Kit.

+ T [10]

Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br.

*

× T [10]

Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., T [11]

+ T [8]

Glyceria notata Chevall. *

Gnaphalium uliginosum L.

* * * *

* *

* × T [8]

Gypsophila muralis L.

*

× T [8]

Hedera helix L.

+ T [10]

cas neo

Helianthus annuus L.

* *

× T [10] inv neo

Helianthus tuberosus L.

*

*

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

cas neo

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.

+ T [10] inv neo

Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier et Levier

*

× T [8]; T [10]

Heracleum sphondylium L. * *

*

* * * *

*

*

× T [10]

Herniaria glabra L. *

Hieracium laevigatum Willd. *

*

*

*

*

herb.

Hieracium lachenalii Suter

*

Hieracium murorum L.

+ T [10]

Hieracium sabaudum L. * *

*

*

* *

× T [10]

Holcus lanatus L. * *

* *

* * *

* *

*

*

* * * × T [10]

nat ar

Hordeum murinum L. *

*

*

Hordeum vulgare L.

+ T [10]

Humulus lupulus L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

Hylotelephium jullianum (Boreau) Grulich

+ [12]; T [10]

Hypericum hirsutum L.

* *

*

*

*

Hypericum maculatum Crantz

+ T [10]

Hypericum perforatum L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * * * * * * * * *

*

*

* * × [12]; T [10]

Hypericum tetrapterum Fr.

*

× T [10]

Hypochaeris radicata L. * *

*

*

*

* × T [10]

inv neo

Impatiens glandulifera Royle *

*

* * *

* *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Impatiens noli-tangere L.

*

× T [10]

inv neo

Impatiens parviflora DC. *

*

*

* *

* * *

* *

* *

× [12]; T [10]

Inula britannica L. *

* *

* * *

* *

* × T [9]; T [10]

nat neo

Inula helenium L.

*

Iris pseudacorus L.

*

*

* *

*

*

× T [10]

C3 Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br.

+ T [10]

C3 Isopyrum thalictroides L.

+ T [10]

cas neo

Juglans nigra L. *

*

herb. nat ar

Juglans regia L. *

*

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Juncus articulatus L. * *

* *

*

* * * * *

*

* *

* * × T [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Juncus bufonius L. * *

*

*

* * * *

* *

* *

* * × T [10]

Juncus compressus Jacq. *

*

× T [9]

Juncus effusus L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * × T [8]; T [10]

Juncus inflexus L. * *

*

*

* × T [8]; T [10]

nat neo

Juncus tenuis Willd. * *

* * * *

*

* * * * * * × T [8]; T [9]; T [10] cult

Kerria japonica (L.) DC.

+ T [10]

nat ar C2 t Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort.

*

× T [8]

Knautia arvensis (L.) J. M. Coult. *

× T [10]

nat ar

Lactuca serriola L. *

* * *

* * * * * * *

* * * *

* *

*

nat ar

Lamium album L.

* * *

*

* *

*

× T [10] nat ar

Lamium amplexicaule L.

*

*

× T [10]

Lamium maculatum L. *

*

* *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Lamium purpureum L.

* *

*

× T [10] nat ar

Lapsana communis L. *

* * * * * * *

* *

*

* *

× [12]; T [10]

Larix decidua Mill.

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Lathyrus pratensis L.

* *

* *

*

*

* × T [10]

nat ar

Lathyrus tuberosus L.

* * * * * * * *

*

* × T [10]

Lemna gibba L.

(*)

Lemna minor L.

+ T [10]

Leontodon hispidus L.

*

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton

*

nat ar

Lepidium draba (L.) Desv

+ T [10] nat ar

Lepidium ruderale L.

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Leucanthemum ircutianum DC. * *

* * *

*

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.

+ T [10]

Ligustrum vulgare L.

* *

× T [10]

C4a Limosella aquatica L. *

* *

*

* *

* * × T, Tr [8]; T [9]; T [10]

nat ar

Linaria vulgaris Mill. * *

* * * *

* * * * * * *

*

× T [10] cas ar

Linum usitatissimum L.

*

*

* herb.

Lolium perenne L. * *

* *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* *

*

* *

× T [10]

C4a Loranthus europaeus Jacq. *

× T [10]

Lotus corniculatus L. * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* * * * * *

*

* * × T [10]

inv neo

Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.

*

× T [10]

Luzula campestris (L.) DC.

+ T [10]

Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy et Wilmott

+ T [10]

Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej.

*

28

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

inv neo

Lycium barbarum L.

+ T [10]

Lycopus europaeus L. * *

* *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* * *

* *

* * × T [9]; T [10]

Lychnis flos-cuculi L.

*

* × T [10]

Lysimachia nummularia L. * *

*

*

* *

* *

*

* * *

× [12]; T [10]

Lysimachia vulgaris L. * * * * *

*

* * * *

* * * * * * * *

* * × T [10]

Lythrum salicaria L. * * *

*

* * * * *

* * * * * *

* * × T [10]

nat neo

Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.

+ T [10] nat ar

Malus domestica Borkh. *

*

*

*

* * *

*

× T [10]

C3 Malus sylvestris Mill.

(*)

*

herb.

nat ar

Malva sylvestris L.

+ T [10] nat neo

Matricaria discoidea DC. *

* *

Medicago lupulina L. * *

*

* * * * * * * * * * *

*

* * × T [10] nat neo

Medicago sativa L.

*

× T [10]

Melica nutans L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Melilotus albus Medik. * * * * *

* * * * * * *

* *

* *

* * × T [10] nat ar

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.

*

*

× T [10]

Mentha arvensis L. *

* *

*

*

Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.

+ [12]; T [8]; T [10] nat neo

Mentha spicata L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Mercurialis annua L.

+ T [10]

Microrrhinum minus (L.) Fourr. *

*

*

*

*

herb.

Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F. K. Mey.

*

× T [10]

Milium effusum L.

*

*

*

Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. *

*

*

* *

× [12]; T [10] cas neo

Morus alba L.

*

Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.

*

nat ar

Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill * *

*

* * * * *

* * * * *

*

× T [10]

C4a Myosotis caespitosa Schultz * *

*

* * *

*

* *

* × T [8]; herb.

C4a Myosotis palustris (L.) L. ssp. palustris

*

herb.

Myosotis ramosissima Rochel

*

*

herb.

Myosotis stricta Roem. et Schult. (L.) Moench

*

*

Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm.

+ T [10]

Myosoton aquaticum * *

*

* * *

*

* *

× [12]; T [8]; T [10]

Myriophyllum spicatum L.

*

× T [7]

C3 Myriophyllum verticillatum L.

+ T [7]

C3 Najas marina L.

*

× T [7]

Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir.

+ T [8]

nat neo

Oenothera biennis L. * * * * *

* *

* * * * * * * *

*

*

× T [10]

Onobrychis viciifolia

× T [10]

Ononis spinosa L.

*

× T [10]; herb.

Oxalis acetosella

× T [10]

cas neo

Oxalis corniculata var. repens (Thunb.) Zucc.

*

× T [10] nat neo

Oxalis stricta L. * *

*

* *

* *

*

*

nat ar

Papaver rhoeas L.

*

* * *

*

× T [10]

cas ar

Papaver somniferum L.

*

nat neo

Parthenocissus quinquefolia agg.

* *

*

*

*

×

T [10]; in studied area were found individuals with characteristics between P. quinquefolia and P.inserta; herb.

Pastinaca sativa L. * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * *

* * *

* × T [10]

Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre *

* * *

* *

* * * *

*

* * *

* *

*

× T [10]

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre *

* * *

* *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [8]; T [10]

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre ssp. lapathifolia * *

*

*

* * * * * *

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. brittingeri (Opiz) Soják

*

*

× T [10]; herb.

Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. pallida (With.) Á. Löve

*

* * * *

*

*

Persicaria maculosa Gray *

*

* * * * * *

*

*

*

× T [10]

Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz

+ T [10]

Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov

*

*

× [12]; T [10]; herb.

Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn. et al.

+ [12]

cas neo

Phalaris arundinacea L. * * * * *

* *

* *

* *

* *

× [12]; T [8]; T [10]

Phleum pratense L.

* * *

*

herb.

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. * * * * * * * * * *

* * * *

* *

* *

* * * * * * × T, Tr [8]

Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

cult

Picea pungens Engelm.

*

Picris hieracioides L.

*

*

* * * * * *

*

× T [10]

Pilosella bauhini (Schult.) Arv.-Touv. *

× T [10]; herb.

Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) P. D. Sell et C. West

*

*

herb.

C4a Pilosella cymosa (L.) F. W. Schultz et Sch. Bip.

+ T [10]

C3

Pilosella erythrochrista (Nägeli et Peter) S. Bräut. et Greuter

*

herb.

Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják *

× [12]; T [10]; herb.

Pilosella sp. * *

*

*

* * * *

*

*

* × T [10]

Pimpinella major (L.) Huds.

* *

*

×

Pimpinella saxifraga L.

+ [12]; T [10] nat neo

Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold

*

*

× T [10]

Pinus sylvestris L. * * * *

*

* * *

*

*

*

* × T [10]

Plantago lanceolata L. * *

*

* * *

* * * * * *

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Plantago major L. * *

*

* * * *

* * *

* *

* *

*

* * × T, Tr [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Plantago media L. *

*

* *

×

Plantago uliginosa F. W. Schmidt * *

* *

* * *

* * * *

* *

*

* *

* * * × T [10]

Poa angustifolia L. * *

* *

* * *

* × T [10]; herb.

Poa annua L. * *

*

* * * * * * *

* *

*

* *

* * × [12]; T [10]

Poa compressa L. * * *

*

* *

* * * * * *

*

* * *

* * × T [9]; T [10]

Poa nemoralis L. *

*

*

* *

*

*

*

*

× T [10]

Poa palustris L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * *

* * *

* *

* * * * × herb.

Poa pratensis L.

*

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Poa trivialis L. *

*

* * * * *

*

*

× T [10]

Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.

(*)

×

Polygonum arenastrum Boreau

+ T [10]

Polygonum aviculare agg. *

*

* * * * * * * * * * *

*

Polygonum aviculare L.

+ T [10]

Polygonum rurivagum Boreau *

* * *

*

*

*

*

*

Populus alba L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * *

* * *

* * * * * * × [12]; T [9]; T [10]

C1 aut Populus nigra L. * *

* * * * * * *

* *

* * * * *

× T [10]; herb.

Populus tremula L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* *

* *

*

*

* × T [7]

inv neo

Populus ×canadensis Moench * *

*

* * *

* * * * * * *

* * *

* *

* × [12]; T [9]; T [10]

Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. * *

* *

* * * *

* * *

* *

* *

* * *

* * × [12]; T [10]; herb.

inv ar

Portulaca oleracea L.

* *

*

× [7]T; [10]T

Potamogeton crispus L.

*

× [7]T, Tr

Potamogeton natans L.

+ T [9]

29

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

C3 Potamogeton nodosus Poir. *

*

* * *

* × [7]T, Tr

Potamogeton pusillus L.

*

*

* * *

× T [10]; herb.

C3 Potamogeton trichoides Cham. et Schltdl.

+ T [9]; T [10]

Potentilla anserina L. * *

* *

* * *

* * *

* *

*

*

*

×

Potentilla argentea L. * *

*

* *

* * * * * * *

×

Potentilla inclinata Vill.

*

* * *

*

* × T [8]; T [9]; T [10]

Potentilla reptans L. * * * *

* * *

* * * * * * *

*

Potentilla supina L. *

* *

* * * *

* *

× T [10]

Potentilla verna L. *

× T [10]

Primula elatior (L.) Hill

+ T [10]

Prunella vulgaris L. * * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* * *

* *

* * ×

Prunus avium (L.) L. * * * * *

* * * *

* *

* * * * *

× T [10] inv ar

Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. *

*

*

* * * *

* * * *

* *

* * *

* *

× T [10]

nat ar

Prunus domestica L.

*

*

× [12]; T [10] nat ar

Prunus insititia L.

*

× [12]; T [10]

Prunus padus L. *

* *

* * * *

* * *

* *

* * *

×

Prunus spinosa L. * * * * *

* * *

* *

*

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

Pulmonaria obscura Dumort. *

*

*

× T [10]

Pulmonaria officinalis L.

+

nat ar

Pyrus communis L. *

*

* *

× [12]; T [10]

Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.

*

× [12]; T [10]

Quercus robur L. * * * * *

* * * *

* *

*

* * * * * *

* * × T [10]

inv neo

Quercus rubra L * *

* *

* *

*

* * * * *

× were also found individuals with some characteristics for Q. palustris; herb.

Ranunculus acris L. *

*

× T [10]

Ranunculus auricomus agg.

*

× T [10]

Ranunculus flammula L.

+ T [9]; T [10]

Ranunculus lanuginosus L.

*

× T [9]

Ranunculus repens L. * *

* * * *

* * *

* *

* * *

* × T [10]

Ranunculus sceleratus L. *

* *

*

* *

*

* *

* * × [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Reseda lutea L.

+

inv neo

Reynoutria japonica Houtt.

*

× T [10]

Rhamnus cathartica L. *

*

*

*

× T [10]

C1 aut Ribes nigrum L.

* *

*

× T [10]

Ribes rubrum

× [12]; T [10]

Ribes uva-crispa L.

*

*

× T [10]

inv neo

Robinia pseudoacacia L. *

* * * *

* *

*

*

*

×

Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser

+ T [9]; T [10]

Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser

*

× T [9]; T [10]; herb.

Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser * *

*

*

* *

*

*

× T [10]

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser *

*

* * * * *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

C4b Rosa agrestis Savi

+

Rosa canina L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* ×

Rosa dumalis Bechst.

*

*

herb.

cas neo

Rosa multiflora Thunb.

*

× T [10]

Rubus angustipaniculatus Holub

*

Rubus apricus Wimm.

+

Rubus austromoravicus Holub

*

× [12]; T [10]

Rubus bifrons Vest *

*

* *

*

Rubus caesius L. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * * * * *

* *

*

* × T [10]

Rubus dollnensis Sprib.

*

*

Rubus fasciculatus P. J. Müll.

+

Rubus flos-amygdalae Trávn. et Holub

*

× T [10]

Rubus grabowskii Weihe

*

Rubus idaeus L.

*

* *

* *

* *

× T [10]

Rubus nessensis Hall

*

Rubus plicatus Weihe et Nees

+ T [10]

Rubus ser. Glandulosi

*

× T [10]

Rudbeckia hirta

× T [10]

Rumex acetosa L.

+ T [10]

Rumex acetosella L. *

*

×

Rumex conglomeratus Murray *

× T [8]

Rumex crispus L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

Rumex maritimus L.

* *

×

Rumex obtusifolius L. *

* * *

*

*

× T [8]

Rumex sanguineus L.

(*)

*

× T [8]; T [10]

nat neo

Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. * *

* *

* * *

* *

* *

×

Sagina procumbens L. *

*

*

*

×

Sagittaria sagittifolia L.

*

Salix alba L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* * *

* * *

* * * × T [10]

Salix aurita L.

* *

* × T [10]; herb.

Salix caprea * *

*

* * * * * * * *

* *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Salix cinerea L. *

* * * * * * * *

*

* *

* * * * * × T [10]

Salix euxina L. V. Belyaeva *

* * *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* *

* * *

*

× T [9]; T [10]

cult

Salix matsudana Koidz.

+ T [10]

Salix purpurea L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * * * * *

* × T [10]

Salix triandra L. *

*

*

*

*

*

× T [10]

Salix viminalis L.

* *

* * * * * *

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Salix ×alopecuroides Tausch ex Opiz *

* *

*

*

herb.

Salix ×holosericea Willd.

*

*

*

*

*

* * * * *

× T [10]; herb.

Salix ×multinervis Döll

*

herb.

Salix ×pendulina Wender.

+ T [10]

Salix ×rubens Schrank * *

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

cas neo

Salix ×sepulcralis Simonk.

+

Salvia pratensis L.

*

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar

Sambucus ebulus L.

+ T [10]

Sambucus nigra L. *

*

* * * *

* * * *

* *

*

*

× T [10]

Sambucus racemosa L.

+ T [10]

Sanguisorba minor Scop.

*

*

× T [10]

Sanguisorba officinalis L.

*

*

×

nat ar

Saponaria officinalis L. * *

* *

* * *

* * * * * * * * *

× T [10]

C1 aut Saxifraga tridactylites L.

*

× T [10]

C3 Scirpus radicans Schkuhr

+

Scirpus sylvaticus L.

* *

* * *

* * ×

Scleranthus annuus L.

*

*

* × [12]; T [10]

Scorzoneroides autumnalis (L.) Moench

*

* × T [8]

Scrophularia nodosa L. *

*

* *

* * *

*

*

× T [10]

Scutellaria galericulata L.

* *

*

* × T [10]

Securigera varia (L.) Lassen *

* *

*

×

Sedum acre L.

+ T [10]

30

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

nat neo

Sedum hispanicum L. *

*

herb. nat neo

Sedum hybridum L.

+ T [10]

Sedum reflexum L.

*

× T [8]

Sedum sexangulare L.

*

Selinum carvifolia (L.) L.

+ [12]; T [10]

Senecio jacobaea L.

* *

* *

* * * *

* * *

× T [8]

Senecio ovatus (G. Gaertn. et al.) Willd.

*

*

×

C2 b Senecio sarracenicus L.

+

Senecio sylvaticus L.

*

nat neo

Senecio vernalis Waldst. et Kit.

*

× T [10]

Senecio viscosus L.

* * *

*

nat ar

Senecio vulgaris L.

*

*

*

*

*

×

nat ar

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et Schult.

*

*

* * * * *

* *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.

*

*

× T [8] nat ar

Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. *

*

*

× T [8]

C4a Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla

+ [12]; T [8]

C2 b Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmel.) Palla

+ T [10]

C3 Silene baccifera (L.) Durande

* *

*

×

nat ar

Silene latifolia ssp. alba (Mill.) Greuter et Burdet * *

* * *

*

*

×

nat ar C4a Silene noctiflora L.

*

* * *

*

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. vulgaris *

* *

*

× T [10] cas neo

Sinapis alba L.

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Sinapis arvensis L.

*

*

*

×

nat neo

Sisymbrium altissimum L.

+ T [10] nat ar

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. *

*

*

× T [10]

Solanum dulcamara L.

* *

* *

× T [10]

nat ar

Solanum nigrum L.

+ [12]; T [10] inv neo

Solidago canadensis L.

* * *

* * *

*

*

× T [8]; T [10]

inv neo

Solidago gigantea Aiton * * * * *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* * * * * * * * * * * ×

nat ar

Sonchus arvensis L.

*

* *

* * *

*

* × T [10] nat ar

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill * *

* * * * * *

× T [10]

nat ar

Sonchus oleraceus L. *

* *

* *

*

*

×

Sorbus aucuparia L.

*

* *

*

*

× T [10]

C4b Sparganium erectum ssp. oocarpum (Čelak.) Domin

(*)

× T, Tr [8]; T [10]

Spergula arvensis L.

+ T [10]

Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl et C. Presl *

*

* *

×

Spiraea sp.

× T [9]; T [10]

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

(*)

× [12]; T [10]

Stachys palustris L. *

*

* * * *

* * * * * * *

*

*

×

Stachys sylvatica L.

*

×

Stellaria neglecta Weihe

* *

× [12]; T [10]; herb.

Stellaria graminea L.

*

*

× T [10]

Stellaria holostea L.

+

Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

* * * * *

*

× T [10]; herb.

Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner

*

*

* *

× T [7]; herb.

inv neo

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S. F. Blake

+ T [10] inv neo

Symphyotrichum ×salignum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom

*

*

inv neo

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom

+ T [10]

inv neo

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom

+ T [10]

Symphytum officinale L. * * * *

* * * *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* * *

* * × [12]; T [10]

Symphytum tuberosum L.

+ T [10]

nat neo

Syringa vulgaris L.

+ T [10] cas neo

Tagetes patula L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.

*

nat ar

Tanacetum vulgare L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

* * × T [10]

Taraxacum acervatulum Rail.

*

Taraxacum adversilobum Trávn. ined.

*

herb.

Taraxacum alatoides Trávn. ined.

* *

herb.

Taraxacum alatum H. Lindb.

*

Taraxacum amplum Markl.

*

Taraxacum atrox Kirschner et Štěpánek

* *

Taraxacum baeckiiforme Sahlin

* *

Taraxacum clarum Kirschner et al.

* *

Taraxacum crassum H. Øllg. et Trávn.

* *

Taraxacum diastematicum Markl.

*

Taraxacum glossodon Sonck et H. Øllg.

* *

Taraxacum hepaticum Rail.

* *

Taraxacum interveniens G. E. Haglund

*

Taraxacum linearisquameum Soest

* *

Taraxacum macranthoides G. E. Haglund

* *

Taraxacum officinale agg. * *

*

* *

* * * * * * * *

*

*

*

× T [10]

Taraxacum praestabile Rail.

* *

Taraxacum pulchrifolium Markl.

*

Taraxacum sertatum Kirschner et al.

*

Taraxacum sordidatum Trávn. ined.

*

herb.

Taraxacum stridulum Trávn. ined.

*

herb.

Taraxacum urbicola Kirschner et al.

*

Taraxacum violaceifrons Trávn.

* *

C3 Thalictrum lucidum L.

*

nat ar

Thlaspi arvense L. *

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Thymus pulegioides ssp. chamaedrys (Fr.) Guşul. *

× T [10]

Tilia ×vulgaris Hayne

*

*

Tilia cordata Mill. * * * *

* *

*

*

*

× [12]; T [10]

Tilia platyphyllos Scop.

*

*

* *

× [12]; T [10]

Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. * * * * *

* * * *

* * * * * * * * * * *

* * × [12]; T [9]

nat ar

Tragopogon dubius Scop.

+ T [10]

Tragopogon orientalis L.

+ T [10]

Trifolium arvense L. * * * *

*

* * * *

× T [8]; T [10]

Trifolium campestre Schreb * * * * *

* * *

* * * * * * * *

* *

* *

Trifolium dubium Sibth. * *

*

* * * *

* *

nat neo

Trifolium hybridum L. * *

* *

* * * * * *

× T [10]

Trifolium pratense L. *

*

*

*

× T [10]

Trifolium repens L. * * * * *

* * * * * * * * * * * *

*

* * *

* * × T [10]

nat ar

Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. *

*

* * * * * * * * * *

*

* *

* *

× T [10]

Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. *

*

*

× T [10]

cas ar

Triticum aestivum L.

*

*

* *

* * *

× T [10]

Turritis glabra L.

+ [12]; T [10]

Tussilago farfara L. *

*

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* *

* * * * * * × T [10]

Typha angustifolia L., T [11]

* *

× T, Tr [8]; T [10]

Typha latifolia L. * *

* *

* * * * * * *

*

* * *

*

× T, Tr [8]; T [9]; herb.

31

Inv Res RS taxa 1a

2a

2b

2c

2d

3 3a

3b

3c

3d

4a

4b

4d

5a

5b

5c

5d

6a

6b

6c

6d

6e

7a

7b

7c

7d

7e

7f

8a

8b

lit note

nat neo

Typha laxmannii Lepech.

+ T, Tr [8]; T [9]

C4a Ulmus laevis Pall. * * * *

* * *

*

* *

* * × [12]; T [8]; T [10]

C4a Ulmus minor Mill. *

*

*

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Urtica dioica L. *

* *

* * * *

* * * * * * *

* *

*

× [12]; T [10]

nat ar C3 Urtica urens L.

+ T [10]

Valeriana officinalis L. * *

* *

* *

* * *

* *

* *

* × [12]; T [10]

Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.

*

Verbascum lychnitis L.

+ T [10]

Verbascum nigrum L. *

* *

*

*

× T [10]

Verbascum thapsus L. * * *

*

* * * * * * * * *

*

× T [10]

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. *

* *

*

* × T [10]

nat ar

Veronica arvensis L. *

*

* *

*

*

* × T [10]

Veronica beccabunga L.

+ T [10]

nat ar C4b Veronica hederifolia L.

+ T [10]

Veronica chamaedrys L. ssp. chamaedrys *

* * *

* *

*

*

*

* *

× [12]; T [10]

Veronica officinalis L.

*

*

nat neo

Veronica persica Poir.

* * * * *

* * *

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Veronica polita Fr.

* *

*

*

Veronica sublobata M. A. Fisch. *

*

* *

*

*

× T [10]

Veronica vindobonensis (M. A. Fisch.) M. A. Fisch.

*

× T [10]; herb.

Viburnum opulus L. *

*

*

*

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Vicia angustifolia L. *

* *

Vicia cracca L. *

* *

* *

*

* * *

*

*

* × T [10]

C4a Vicia dumetorum L.

*

herb.

Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray *

* *

* * * *

× T [10]

Vicia sepium L. *

*

*

* *

*

× T [10]

Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. * * * *

* *

* * * * * * *

*

*

*

× T [10]

Vinca minor L.

+ T [10]

nat ar

Viola ×scabra F. Braun

cas neo

Viola ×wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. et Buttler

+ T [10]

Viola arvensis Murray

* *

*

*

*

× T [10]

nat ar

Viola cf. odorata L. *

* *

*

nat ar

Viola odorata L.

*

× [12]; T [10]; herb.

Viola reichenbachiana Boreau

*

× [12]; T [10]

Viscum album L. ssp. album *

*

× T [10]

Vitis vinifera L.

+ T [10]

nat ar C3 Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel. *

* *

*

* * * * * *

* *

* * × T [8]; herb.

neo

Xanthium orientale agg.

*

Zannichellia palustris L. *

*

cas neo

Zea mays L.

+ T [10]

Table 3: List of habitats in the studied area.

habitat code area (ha)

Tall mesic and xeric scrub K3 5,15

Alder carrs L1 2,18

Harwood forests of lowland rivers L2.3 2,49

Reed beds of eutrophic still waters M1.1 2,91

Eutrophic vegetation of muddy substrata M1.3 0,07

Vegetation of exposed fishpond bottoms M2.1 10

Macrophyte vegetation of naturally eutrophic and mesotrophic still waters without species specific to V1A-V1E

V1F 6,87

Macrophyte vegetation of naturally eutrophic and mesotrophic still waters without macrophyte species valuable for nature conservation

V1G 111,4

Urbanized areas X1 22,09

Forest clearings X10 12,73

Stands of early successional woody species valuable for nature conservation X12A 35,44

Other stands of early successional woody species X12B 1,14

Woody vegetation outside forest and human settlements X13 0,77

Streams and water-bodies without vegetation valuable for nature conservation

X14 241,39

Intensively managed meadows X5 0,95

Anthropogenic areas with sparse vegetation outside human settlements X6 5,7

Herbaceous ruderale vegetation outside human settlements, stands valuable for nature conservation

X7A 7,2

Herbaceous ruderale vegetation outside human settlements, other stands X7B 34,97

mosaic X9A and L2.3 X9 9,62

Forest plantations of allochtonous coniferous trees X9A 3,99

Forest plantations of allochtonous deciduous trees X9B 2

32

Table 4: List of Spiders and Harvestmen. taxa family RL § 1

1a 2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a 5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e 7f

8b

note

Spiders (Araneae)

Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802)

Araneidae

* * very abundant

Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) Agelenidae

*

*

* *

*

*

* abundant

Agroeca brunnea (Blackwall, 1833) Liocranidae

*

* *

very abundant

Allagelena gracilens (C. L. Koch, 1841) Agelenidae

*

* abundant

Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 Araneidae

*

* *

*

*

*

*

* very abundant

Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757 Araneidae

*

very abundant

Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777) Lycosidae EN

*

vzácný

Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall, 1833) Lycosidae

*

* *

* * *

not abundant

Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) Araneidae

*

* abundant

Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805) Lycosidae

*

* very abundant

Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) Linyphiidae

*

* *

very abundant

Cercidia prominens (Westring, 1851) Araneidae

*

not abundant

Cicurina cicur (Fabricius, 1793) Dictynidae

*

*

very abundant

Clubiona phragmitis C. L. Koch, 1843 Clubionidae

*

*

not abundant

Clubiona stagnatilis Kulczyñski, 1897 Clubionidae

*

*

not abundant

Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772) Araneidae

*

very abundant

Dictyna arundinacea (Linné, 1758) Dictynidae

*

*

*

* * very abundant

Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856 Dictynidae

*

*

* *

*

* abundant

Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall, 1833) Linyphiidae

* very abundant

Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834) Linyphiidae

*

* *

* very abundant

Dipoena melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837) Theridiidae

*

not abundant

Donacochara speciosa (Thorell, 1875) Linyphiidae

*

not abundant

Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) Gnaphosidae

* very abundant

Drassyllus lutetianus (L. Koch, 1866) Gnaphosidae

*

* * very abundant

Drassyllus pusillus (C. L. Koch, 1833) Gnaphosidae

* very abundant

Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)

Thomisidae

*

*

*

*

* abundant

Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) Theridiidae

* *

*

* very abundant

Entelecara congenera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)

Linyphiidae

* * abundant

Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) Theridiidae

*

very abundant

Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833 Linyphiidae

*

*

*

*

very abundant

Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834) Linyphiidae

*

* * very abundant

Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757) Salticidae

* *

* *

*

very abundant

Gibbaranea gibbosa (Walckenaer, 1802) Araneidae

not abundant

Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834) Linyphiidae

*

very abundant

Heliophanus auratus C. L. Koch, 1835 Salticidae

*

*

not abundant

Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer, 1802)

Salticidae

*

*

*

* very abundant

Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802)

Miturgidae

*

abundant

Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757) Araneidae

*

not abundant

Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757) Araneidae

*

abundant

Larinioides suspicax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876)

Araneidae

*

* *

*

abundant

Linyphia hortensis Sundevall, 1830 Linyphiidae

*

very abundant

Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) Linyphiidae

*

*

* *

*

very abundant

Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802)

Salticidae

*

*

rare

Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802) Araneidae

*

* very abundant

Mermessus trilobatus (Emerton 1882) Linyphiidae

*

* abundant

Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1870) Tetragnathidae

*

*

*

*

very abundant

Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757) Tetragnathidae

*

*

*

*

very abundant

Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831) Gnaphosidae

*

abundant

Microlinyphia impigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)

Linyphiidae

*

not abundant

Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830) Linyphiidae

*

* * very abundant

Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757) Sparassidae

*

abundant

Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) Thomisidae

*

very abundant

Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778)

Salticidae VU

*

* rare

Neottiura bimaculata (Linné, 1767) Theridiidae

*

*

*

very abundant

Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830) Dictynidae

not abundant

Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757) Araneidae

*

*

very abundant

Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850) Linyphiidae

*

* * very abundant

Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall, 1834) Linyphiidae

*

abundant

Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851) Linyphiidae

*

* * very abundant

Ozyptila brevipes (Hahn, 1826) Thomisidae VU

*

rare

Ozyptila praticola (C. L. Koch, 1837) Thomisidae

*

* *

not abundant

Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823 Tetragnathidae

*

very abundant

Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830 Tetragnathidae

*

*

*

very abundant

Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830 Tetragnathidae

*

very abundant

33

Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834) Thomisidae

*

not abundant

Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757) Theridiidae

* *

very abundant

Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861) Lycosidae

* * * * very abundant

Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) Lycosidae

*

* * *

very abundant

Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) Lycosidae

*

*

* *

*

*

* *

*

* very abundant

Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch, 1870) Lycosidae

*

very abundant

Philodromus albidus Kulczyñski, 1911 Philodromidae

*

* *

very abundant

Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)

Philodromidae

very abundant

Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835 Philodromidae

*

very abundant

Philodromus fuscomarginatus (De Geer, 1778)

Philodromidae

*

not abundant

Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) Salticidae

* abundant

Phrurolithus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835) Corrinidae

*

* very abundant

Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) Theridiidae

*

*

* very abundant

Pirata hygrophilus Thorell, 1872 Lycosidae

* * *

very abundant

Pirata latitans (Blackwall, 1841) Lycosidae

*

*

very abundant

Pirata piraticus (Clerck, 1757) Lycosidae

*

*

very abundant

Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) Pisauridae

*

*

*

*

*

very abundant

Platnickina tinctum (Walckenaer, 1802) Theridiidae

abundant

Robertus arundineti (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)

Theridiidae

*

abundant

Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836) Theridiidae

*

very abundant

Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757) Salticidae

*

very abundant

Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757) Araneidae

*

abundant

Singa nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844 Araneidae

*

not abundant

Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linné, 1758) Linyphiidae

* not abundant

Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836) Salticidae

*

* abundant

Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) Thomisidae

* not abundant

Tetragnatha extensa (Linné, 1758) Tetragnathidae

*

*

very abundant

Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886 Tetragnathidae

*

*

*

abundant

Tetragnatha obtusa C. L. Koch, 1837 Tetragnathidae

*

* very abundant

Tetragnatha pinicola L. Koch, 1870 Tetragnathidae

*

* *

abundant

Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914 Theridiidae

*

not abundant

Theridion varians Hahn, 1833 Theridiidae

*

very abundant

Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802) Philodromidae

*

* *

* * not abundant

Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875 Thomisidae EN

*

velmi rare

Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) Lycosidae

* *

* * very abundant

Trochosa spinipalpis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895)

Lycosidae

*

*

*

very abundant

Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856 Lycosidae

*

*

*

* *

*

* very abundant

Xerolycosa miniata (C. L. Koch, 1834) Lycosidae

*

*

* * not abundant

Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757) Thomisidae

*

very abundant

Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) Thomisidae

* * *

*

* * very abundant

Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833) Gnaphosidae

very abundant

Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802) Araneidae

*

* *

not abundant

Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914 Zodaridae

* *

* * abundant

Harvestmen (Opiliones)

Leiobunum rotundum (Latreille, 1798) Sclerosomatidae

*

Nemastoma lugubre (Müller, 1776) Nemastomatidae

*

Opilio canestrinii (Thorell, 1876) Phalangiidae

*

*

Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1761 Phalangiidae

*

*

*

*

*

Rilaena triangularis (Herbst, 1799) Phalangiidae

*

Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Trogulidae

*

Table 5: List of Dragonflies.

* – confirmed or likely indigenous populations, M – male, F – female, Imm – freshly hatched individual, T – tandem, copulation male and female, O – oviposition, ex – exuvia.

Aut taxa family RL § 3, 3a 4, 8c,7b 4a

Aeshna affinis Vander Linden, 1820 Aeshnidae VU

M

* Aeshna cyanea (Muller, 1764) Aeshnidae

M,F, Imm M

* Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805 Aeshnidae

M, F, O, ex M

* Anax imperator Leach, 1815 Aeshnidae

M, ex

Anax parthenope (Sélys, 1839) Aeshnidae VU

M

Calopteryx splendes (Harris, 1776) Calopterigidae

M

* Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758) Coenagrionidae

M, F, T, O

Crocothemis erythrea (Brullé, 1832) Libellulidae

M, F F

* Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) Coenagrionidae

M, F, T, O

* Erythromma najas (Hansemann, 1823) Coenagrionidae

M, F, T, O

* Erythromma viridulum Charpentier, 1840 Coenagrionidae NT

M, F, Imm, T, O

M

Chalcolestes viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) Lestidae

M, F

* Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1820) Coenagrionidae

M, F, Imm, T, O M, F, Imm, T, O

* Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) Coenagrionidae NT

M, F, T, O

* Lestes sponsa (Hansemann, 1823) Lestidae

M, F, T

* Libellula depressa Linnaeus, 1758 Libellulidae

M, F, O, ex F, K, ex

34

Aut taxa family RL § 3, 3a 4, 8c,7b 4a

Ophiogomphus cecilia (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) Gomphidae EN SO

M

* Orthetrum albistylum Sélys, 1848 Libellulidae

M, F, Imm, O, ex

Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) Libellulidae EN

M

* Orthetrum cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Libellulidae

M, F, Imm, T, O, ex M, F, Imm, T, O, ex M, F, O * Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) Platycnemididae

M, F, Imm, T, O M, F, Imm, T, O

Somatochlora metallica (Vander Linden, 1825) Corduliidae

M

Sympecma fusca (Vander Linden, 1820) Lestidae NT

M

Sympetrum flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758) Libellulidae

F

* Sympetrum sanguineum (Muller, 1764) Libellulidae

M, F, Imm, T, O, ex M, F, T,

* Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) Libellulidae NT

M, F, Imm, T, O M * Sympetrum vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Libellulidae

M, F, Imm, T M

Table 6: List of Butterflies.

taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

*

Agrochola helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Agrochola litura (Linnaeus, 1761) Noctuidae

Agrochola lota (Clerck, 1759) Noctuidae

Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) Noctuidae

Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Noctuidae

Alcis repandata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Angerona prunaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae

*

* *

Apamea monoglypha (Hufnagel, 1766) Noctuidae

Aphantopus hyperanthus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

*

* *

* Argiopis marginaria (Fabricius, 1776) Geometridae

Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

Archanara geminipuncta (Haworth, 1809) Noctuidae

Aricia agestis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Lycaenidae

*

Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Cabera exanthemata (Scopoli, 1763) Geometridae

Cabera pusaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Campaea margaritaria (Linnaeus, 1767) Geometridae

Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771) Hesperiidae

*

*

Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lycaenidae

* *

*

*

Clostera anachoreta (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Notodontidae

Clostera pigra (Hufnagel, 1766) Notodontidae

Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

* *

*

*

* Colobochyla salicalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Noctuidae

Colostygia pectinataria (Knoch, 1781) Geometridae

Cosmia trapezina (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Cosmorhoe ocellata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cossidae

Cupido argiades (Pallas, 1771) Lycaenidae

* *

Cupido decoloratus (Staudinger, 1886) Lycaenidae NT

*

Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775) Lycaenidae

*

Cyclophora punctaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Deilephila elpenor (Linnaeus, 1758) Sphingidae

Drepana falcataria (Linnaeus, 1758) Drepanidae

Ecliptoptera silaceata (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Geometridae

Epirrhoe alternata (Müller, 1764) Geometridae

Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) Hesperiidae

*

* *

* *

* *

* * Euplagia quadripunctaria (Poda, 1761) Arctiidae

Euproctis chrysorhoea (Linnaeus, 1758) Lymantriidae

Euproctis similis (Fuessly, 1775) Lymantriidae

Euthrix potatoria (Linnaeus, 1758) Lasiocampidae

Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae

*

*

* *

*

Gortyna flavago (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Noctuidae

Habrosyne pyritoides (Hufnagel, 1766) Drepanidae

Hydraecia micacea (Esper, 1789) Noctuidae

Hypena proboscidalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Hypena rostralis (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Idea aversata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Idea biselata (Hufnagel 1767) Geometridae

Idea emarginata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

* *

*

*

*

35

taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) Papilionidae VU O *

*

Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

* *

*

Laothoe populi (Linnaeus, 1758) Sphingidae

Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767) Nymphalidae

* *

Leptidea juvernica Williams, 1946 Pieridae

*

Limantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) Lymantriidae

Lomaspilis marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1767) Lycaenidae

* Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Sphingidae

Macrochilo cribrumalis (Hubner, 1793) Noctuidae

Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

*

*

Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

Mormo maura (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae VU

Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767) Noctuidae

Mythimna pallens (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Noctua pronuba (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

Ochropleura plecta (Linnaeus, 1761) Noctuidae

Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Orgyia antiqua (Linnaeus, 1758) Lymantriidae

Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

* *

*

Pheosia tremula (Clerck, 1759) Notodontidae

Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Phragmatobia fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Arctiidae

Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae

* *

*

Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae

*

* *

*

*

*

*

Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae

* *

* *

*

*

Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

*

* *

*

* Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) Lycaenidae

* *

*

*

Polypogon tentacularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Protodeltote pygarga (Hufnagel, 1766) Noctuidae

Pterostoma palpina (Clerck, 1759) Notodontidae

Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758) Hesperiidae

*

Rivula sericealis (Scopoli, 1763) Noctuidae

Saturnia cf.pavoniella (Scopoli, 1763) Saturniidae

Scoliopteryx libatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Scotopteryx chenopodiata (Linnaeus, 1758) Geometridae

Selenia dentaria (Fabricius, 1775) Geometridae

Selenia tetralunaria (Hufnagel, 1767) Geometridae

Spilosoma lubricipeda (Linnaeus, 1758) Arctiidae

Spilosoma luteum (Hufnagel, 1766) Arctiidae

Tethea or (Linnaeus, 1758) Drepanidae

Thyatira batis (Linnaeus, 1758) Drepanidae

Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808) Hesperiidae

*

*

*

Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) Hesperiidae

*

*

*

Timandra comea Schmidt, 1931 Geometridae

Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

* *

* * * *

*

* *

* Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Nymphalidae

*

*

*

Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel 1767) Geometridae

Xanthorhoe ferrugata (Clerck, 1759) Geometridae

Xestia baja (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Noctuidae

Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Xestia ditrapezium (Linnaeus, 1758) Noctuidae

Xestia xanthographa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Noctuidae

Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Zygeanidae

*

*

36

Table 7: List of Beetles. taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Abax parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) Carabidae

*

*

Abax parallelus (Duftschmid, 1812) Carabidae

*

Acalyptus carpini (Fabricius, 1792) Curculionidae

*

Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccinellidae

*

*

Adrastus rachifer (Fourcroy, 1785) Elateridae NT

*

Agapanthia villosoviridescens (DeGeer, 1775) Cerambycidae

* *

Agelastica alni (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysomelidae

*

* *

* *

* Agonum afrum (Duftschmid, 1812) Carabidae

*

*

Agonum sexpunctatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

* Agriotes obscurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Elateridae

*

Agriotes sputator (Linnaeus, 1758) Elateridae

* Agriotes ustulatus (Schaller, 1783) Elateridae

*

Agrypnus murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Elateridae

*

* Alophus triguttatus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775) Curculionidae

*

Amara aenea (De Geer, 1774) Carabidae

*

*

Amara fulva (O.F. Müller, 1776) Carabidae

*

*

Amara littorea C.G. Thomson, 1857 Carabidae

* Amara similata (Gyllenhal, 1810) Carabidae

*

Ampedus sanguinolentus (Schrank, 1776) Elateridae NT

*

Anaglyptus mysticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycidae

*

Anaspis frontalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Scraptiidae

* Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) Carabidae

*

* *

Anisodactylus signatus (Panzer, 1796) Carabidae

* Anoplotrupes stercorosus (Hartmann in L.G. Scriba,

1791) Geotrupidae

*

Anostirus castaneus castaneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Elateridae

*

Anthelephila pedestris (Rossi, 1790) Anthicidae

*

Anthicus flavipes flavipes (Panzer, 1796) Anthicidae

*

Anthicus sellatus (Panzer, 1797) Anthicidae EN

*

* Anthocomus rufus (Herbst, 1784) Melyridae

*

*

Anthonomus humeralis (Panzer, 1795) Curculionidae

*

Anthonomus pomorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795) Curculionidae

*

* Anthrenus scrophulariae scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758) Dermestidae

*

Anthribus nebulosus Förster, 1771 Anthribidae

*

*

Aromia moschata moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycidae NT

*

Badister dilatatus (Chaudoir, 1837) Carabidae

* Badister lacertosus Sturm, 1815 Carabidae

*

*

Baris artemisiae (Herbst, 1795) Curculionidae

* *

Bembidion articulatum (Panzer, 1796) Carabidae

* *

*

Bembidion azurescens azurescens Dalla Torre, 1877 Carabidae

*

* Bembidion femoratum femoratum Sturm, 1825 Carabidae

*

*

Bembidion modestum (Fabricius, 1801) Carabidae VU

*

* *

* * Bembidion punctulatum Drapiez, 1820 Carabidae

*

Bembidion quadrimaculatum quadrimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1761) Carabidae

*

*

Bembidion testaceum testaceum (Duftschmid, 1812) Carabidae EN

*

*

* * Bembidion tetracolum (Say, 1823) Carabidae

* *

*

Bembidion varium (Olivier, 1795) Carabidae

*

* Betulapion simile (W. Kirby, 1811) Apionidae

*

Bitoma crenata (Fabricius, 1775) Zopheridae

*

*

Brachypera zoilus (Scopoli, 1763) Curculionidae

*

Bruchus atomarius (Linnaeus, 1761) Bruchidae

*

Byctiscus populi (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhynchitidae

*

*

Byrrhus pilula (Linnaeus, 1758) Byrrhidae

*

Byturus ochraceus (L.G. Scriba, 1790) Byturidae

* *

Byturus tomentosus (DeGeer, 1774) Byturidae

* * * Calathus cinctus Motschulsky, 1850 Carabidae

*

Calathus fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) Carabidae

* Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

Calvia decemguttata (Linnaeus, 1767) Coccinellidae

*

Cantharis fusca Linnaeus, 1758 Cantharidae

*

*

Cantharis lateralis Linnaeus, 1758 Cantharidae

*

Carabus coriaceus Linnaeus, 1758 Carabidae

*

*

Carabus granulatus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758 Carabidae

* *

* * Carabus scheidleri Panzer, 1799 Carabidae

O

*

Carabus ullrichii Germar, 1824 Carabidae

O

*

*

* Cassida rubiginosa rubiginosa O. F. Müller Chrysomelidae

*

Cassida rufovirens Suffrian, 1844 Chrysomelidae EN

*

Cassida vibex Linnaeus, 1767 Chrysomelidae

*

Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1761) Scarabaeidae

* Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham, 1802) Curculionidae

* *

Cicindela campestris Linnaeus, 1758 Carabidae

O

*

37

taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Cicindela hybrida Linnaeus, 1758 Carabidae

*

*

* * * * Cionus tuberculosus (Scopoli, 1763) Curculionidae

*

Clivina fossor (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

* * Clytra laeviuscula (Ratzeburg, 1837) Chrysomelidae

*

*

Coccidula scutellata (Herbst, 1783) Coccinellidae

*

* Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 Coccinellidae

* *

* *

*

* *

Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccinellidae

*

Coelostoma orbiculare (Fabricius, 1775) Hydrophilidae

*

Crepidodera aurata (Marsham, 1802) Chrysomelidae

* Crepidodera aurea (Geoffroy, 1785) Chrysomelidae

*

Cryptocephalus bilineatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Chrysomelidae

* Cryptocephalus fulvus Goeze, 1777 Chrysomelidae

* *

Cryptocephalus moraei (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysomelidae

* *

Cryptocephalus ocellatus Drapiez, 1819 Chrysomelidae

*

Cryptocephalus sericeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysomelidae

*

* Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Curculio glandium Marsham, 1802 Curculionidae

*

Curculio rubidus (Gyllenhal, 1836) Curculionidae

*

Cyanapion platalea (Germar, 1817) Apionidae

* Cylindera arenaria viennensis (Schrank, 1781) Carabidae

O

* *

*

*

* * * *

Cylindera germanica (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae VU O

* Cyphocleonus dealbatus (Gmelin, 1790) Curculionidae VU

*

Cyphon laevipennis Tournier, 1868 Scirtidae

*

Cytilus sericeus (Forster, 1771) Byrrhidae

*

Dacne bipustulata (Thunberg, 1781) Erotylidae

*

Dasytes plumbeus (O.F. Müller, 1776) Melyridae

*

Demetrias atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

Deporaus betulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhynchitidae

*

Dermestes undulatus Brahm, 1790 Dermestidae

* Diaperis boleti (Linnaeus, 1758) Tenebrionidae

*

*

Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lucanidae

*

Dorytomus longimanus (Forster, 1771) Curculionidae

* *

Dorytomus suratus (Gyllenhal, 1836) Curculionidae

*

Dromius quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

Drypta dentata (Rossi, 1790) Carabidae

* * Dyschirius globosus (Herbst, 1784) Carabidae

*

Dyschirius nitidus (Dejean, 1825) Carabidae VU

* *

* Elaphrus riparius (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

Ellescus infirmus (Herbst, 1795) Curculionidae

* Eusomus ovulum Germar, 1824 Curculionidae

Exomias chevrolati (Boheman, 1843) Curculionidae

*

*

* * Galeruca tanaceti (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysomelidae

*

Galerucella lineola (Fabricius, 1781) Chrysomelidae

*

Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say, 1835) Nitidulidae

*

Haliplus flavicollis Sturm, 1834 Haliplidae

*

Haliplus fluviatilis Aubé, 1836 Haliplidae

*

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) Coccinellidae

* Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) Coccinellidae

*

Harpalus affinis (Schrank, 1781) Carabidae

* Harpalus atratus Latreille, 1804 Carabidae

*

Harpalus distinguendus (Duftschmid, 1812) Carabidae

* Heterocerus fenestratus (Thunberg, 1784) Heteroceridae

* *

*

Hispa atra Linnaeus, 1767 Chrysomelidae

*

Hololepta plana (Sulzer, 1776) Histeridae

*

Hydrobius fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758) Hydrophilidae

*

Hydroglyphus geminus (Fabricius, 1792) Dytiscidae

*

Hydrochus crenatus (Fabricius, 1792) Hydrophilidae

*

Hylobius abietis (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Chlaenius nitidulus Schrank, 1781 Carabidae

*

*

* * Chlaenius vestitus Paykull, 1790 Carabidae

*

*

*

Chrysolina fastuosa fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763) Chrysomelidae

*

Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) Chrysomelidae

*

Chrysolina varians (Schaller, 1783) Chrysomelidae

*

Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 Chrysomelidae

*

*

Ilybius ater (De Geer, 1774) Dytiscidae

*

Ischnomera cyanea (Fabricius, 1787) Oedemeridae

*

Labidostomis longimana (Linnaeus, 1761) Chrysomelidae

*

Laccobius minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Hydrophilidae

*

Lagria hirta (Linnaeus, 1758) Tenebrionidae

*

Lamia textor (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycidae NT

*

Lamprobyrrhulus nitidus (Schaller, 1783) Byrrhidae

*

Larinus sturnus (Schaller, 1873) Curculionidae NT

*

Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal, 1835 Curculionidae

* Leistus ferrugineus (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

Lepyrus palustris (Scopoli, 1763) Curculionidae

*

*

38

taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Limobius borealis (Paykull, 1792) Curculionidae

*

Lionychus quadrillum (Duftschmid, 1812) Carabidae

*

Lixus fasciculatus Boheman, 1836 Curculionidae

*

Lixus filiformis (Fabricius, 1781) Curculionidae

*

Lixus iridis Olivier, 1807 Curculionidae

Loricera pilicornis pilicornis (Fabricius, 1775) Carabidae

*

Malachius bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Melyridae

* Melanapion minimum (Herbst, 1797) Apionidae

*

Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) Nitidulidae

*

Meloe proscarabaeus Linnaeus, 1758 Meloidae EN O

*

*

Microlestes maurus (Sturm, 1827) Carabidae

*

Mogulones raphani (Fabricius, 1792) Curculionidae

*

Nanophyes brevis Boheman, 1845 Nanophyidae

*

*

Nanophyes marmoratus (Goeze, 1777) Nanophyidae

*

Nebria livida (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae NT

* Nedyus quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Negastrius sabulicola (Boheman, 1854) Elateridae CR

* Nicrophorus humator (Gleditsch, 1767) Silphidae

*

Nicrophorus vespillo (Linnaeus, 1758) Silphidae

*

* Nicrophorus vespilloides Herbst, 1784 Silphidae

*

*

Notaris scirpi (Fabricius, 1792) Erirhinidae

* Noterus clavicornis (De Geer, 1774) Noteridae

*

Notiophilus palustris (Duftschmid, 1812) Carabidae

*

Notoxus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1761) Anthicidae

*

*

Notoxus trifasciatus Rossi, 1792 Anthicidae

*

Ocypus nitens (Schrank, 1781) Staphylinidae

*

Oedemera femorata (Scopoli, 1763) Oedemeridae

*

Oedemera virescens (Linnaeus, 1767) Oedemeridae

*

Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Linnaeus, 1758) Silphidae

*

*

Omophron limbatum (Fabricius, 1776) Carabidae

* *

*

* *

Omphalapion hookerorum (W. Kirby, 1808) Apionidae

*

Onthophagus coenobita (Herbst, 1783) Scarabaeidae

*

Onthophagus joannae Goljan, 1953 Scarabaeidae

* Onthophagus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Scarabaeidae

*

*

Oodes helopioides (Fabricius, 1792) Carabidae

* Orchestes testaceus (O. F. Mueller 1776) Curculionidae

*

Orthocis alni (Gyllenhal, 1813) Ciidae

*

Otiorhynchus ovatus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

*

Otiorhynchus raucus (Fabricius, 1777) Curculionidae

* Otiorhynchus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Oulema gallaeciana (Heyden, 1870) Chrysomelidae

*

Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chrysomelidae

*

Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) Carabidae

* Oxystoma craccae (Linnaeus, 1767) Apionidae

* *

Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) Scarabaeidae

O

* *

Pachybrachis sinuatus Mulsant & Rey, 1857 Chrysomelidae

*

Panagaeus cruxmajor (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

Paranchus albipes (Fabricius, 1796) Carabidae

*

Perapion curtirostre (Germar, 1817) Apionidae

* Perapion violaceum (W. Kirby, 1808) Apionidae

*

Perileptus areolatus (Creutzer, 1799) Carabidae NT

*

Phaedon laevigatus (Duftschmid, 1825) Chrysomelidae EN

*

Phosphuga atrata (Linnaeus, 1758) Silphidae

*

*

* * Phyllobius oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

* *

Phyllobius pomaceus Gyllenhal, 1834 Curculionidae

Phyllobius pyri (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

* *

Phyllobius vespertinus (Fabricius, 1792) Curculionidae

* *

Phyllopertha horticola (Linnaeus, 1758) Scarabaeidae

*

Platycerus caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758) Lucanidae

*

Platydracus stercorarius (Olivier, 1795) Staphylinidae

*

Platystomos albinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Anthribidae

*

Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus, 1758) Carabidae

*

*

Polydrusus cervinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Polydrusus formosus (Mayer, 1779) Curculionidae

*

* *

*

Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycidae

*

Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccinellidae

*

Protapion nigritarse (W. Kirby, 1808) Apionidae

*

Protapion trifolii (Linnaeus, 1768) Apionidae

*

*

Pseudoophonus griseus (Panzer, 1797) Carabidae

*

Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) Carabidae

* *

*

Pseudoperapion brevirostre (Herbst, 1797) Apionidae

*

Pseudostenapion simum (Germar, 1817) Apionidae

*

Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Coccinellidae

* Pterostichus anthracinus (Illiger, 1798) Carabidae

*

Pterostichus gracilis (Dejean, 1828) Carabidae VU

*

39

taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) Carabidae

*

* * Pterostichus niger (Schaller, 1783) Carabidae

*

* *

*

Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787) Carabidae

*

*

Pterostichus strenuus (Panzer, 1797) Carabidae

*

Pterostichus vernalis (Panzer, 1796) Carabidae

* * Pyrochroa coccinea (Linnaeus, 1761) Pyrochroidae

*

Quedius molochinus (Gravenhorst, 1806) Staphylinidae

*

Rhagonycha fulva (Scopoli, 1763) Cantharidae

* *

Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich, 1792) Curculionidae

* Rhinoncus bruchoides (Herbst, 1784) Curculionidae

*

Rhinoncus inconspectus (Herbst 1795) Curculionidae

*

Rhinoncus perpendicularis (Reich 1797) Curculionidae

*

Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) Curculionidae

*

Rhinusa asellus (Gravenhorst, 1807) Curculionidae

*

Rhinusa neta (Germar, 1821) Curculionidae

*

Rhinusa tetra (Fabricius, 1792) Curculionidae

*

Rhizophagus bipustulatus (Fabricius, 1792) Monotomidae

*

Salpingus planirostris (Fabricius, 1787) Salpingidae

*

*

Scaphidium quadrimaculatum Olivier, 1790 Staphylinidae

*

Sciaphilus asperatus (Bonsdorff, 1785) Curculionidae

*

Scymnus auritus Thunberg, 1795 Coccinellidae

* Scymnus ferrugatus (Moll, 1785) Coccinellidae

*

Scymnus frontalis (Fabricius, 1787) Coccinellidae

*

* Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777) Coccinellidae

*

Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) Coccinellidae

*

Sitona cylindricollis Fåhraeus, 1840 Curculionidae

*

Sitona hispidulus (Fabricius, 1776) Curculionidae

* Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal, 1834 Curculionidae

*

Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Sitona sulcifrons Gyllenhal, 1834 Curculionidae

*

Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens, 1831) Curculionidae

*

Stenolophus teutonus (Schrank, 1781) Carabidae

*

Stenomax aeneus Scopoli, 1763 Tenebrionidae

*

Stenurella melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycidae

*

*

Stenus biguttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Staphylinidae

*

Stenus incrassatus Erichson, 1839 Staphylinidae

*

Stomis pumicatus (Panzer, 1796) Carabidae

* Synuchus vivalis (Illiger, 1798) Carabidae

*

Taeniapion urticarium (Herbst, 1784) Apionidae

*

Tachyerges pseudostigma (Tempère, 1982) Curculionidae

*

Tachyerges salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae

*

Tachyura diabrachys (Kolenati, 1845) Carabidae

*

Tanymecus palliatus (Fabricius, 1787) Curculionidae

*

Tasgius melanarius (Heer, 1839) Staphylinidae

*

Tatianaerhynchites aequatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Rhynchitidae

*

Telmatophilus typhae (Fallén, 1802) Cryptophagidae

*

*

*

Tetartopeus rufonitidus (Reitter, 1909) Staphylinidae VU

*

Tetrops praeustus praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerambycidae

*

Thanasimus formicarius formicarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Cleridae

*

Thanatophilus rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Silphidae

*

Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775) Silphidae

* Trachodes hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) Curculionidae NT

*

Trachys minuta (Linnaeus, 1758) Buprestidae

*

Tychius junceus (Reich, 1797) Curculionidae

*

Tychius picirostris (Fabricius, 1787) Curculionidae

*

Tychius squamulatus Gyllenhal 1836 Curculionidae

*

Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1761) Coccinellidae

*

Uleiota planatus (Linnaeus, 1761) Silvanidae

*

*

Valgus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) Scarabaeidae

*

Zacladus geranii (Paykull, 1800) Curculionidae

*

Zorochros meridionalis (Laporte de Castelnau, 1840) Elateridae CR

*

*

40

Table 8: List of other insect groups.

taxa family RL § 1

1a 2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a 5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e 7f

8b

Earwigs (Dermaptera)

Apterygida media (Hagenbach, 1822) Forficulidae

*

*

Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 Forficulidae

*

Labidura riparia (Pallas, 1773) Labiduridae EN

*

Mantids (Dictyoptera)

Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Mantidae VU KO

*

Orthopterans (Orthoptera)

Chorthippus biguttulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Acrididae

*

Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821) Acrididae

*

Chrysochraon dispar (Germar, 1834) Acrididae

*

*

Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) Acrididae

*

Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli, 1763) Gryllidae

*

Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) Gryllotalpidae

*

Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, 1799) Myrmecophilidae

*

Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetrigidae

*

Tetrix tenuicornis (Sahlberg, 1891) Tetrigidae

*

Tetrix undulata (Sowerby, 1806) Tetrigidae

*

Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) Tettigoniidae

*

Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833) Tettigoniidae

*

*

Meconema thalassinum (DeGeer, 1773) Tettigoniidae

*

Metrioptera roeselii (Hagenbach, 1822) Tettigoniidae

*

Phaneroptera falcata (Poda, 1761) Tettigoniidae

*

Tettigonia viridissima Linnaeus, 1758 Tettigoniidae

*

Xya variegata Latreille, 1809 Tridactylidae VU

*

* *

*

Table 9: List of Amphibians and Reptiles.

taxa family RL § 1

1a

2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a

5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e

7f

8b

Amphibians

Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) Bufonidae NT O

*

*

Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1786) Bufonidae NT SO

*

*

*

Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) Hylidae NT SO

*

*

Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Salamandridae NT SO

*

Pelophylax esculentus complex Ranidae

SO *

* * *

*

*

*

Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)

Ranidae NT KO *

* * *

*

*

*

Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 Ranidae NT SO

*

Reptiles

Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 Lacertidae NT O *

* *

* *

*

* * * *

Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Colubridae

O

* *

*

*

*

Table 10: List of Molluscs and Mammals.

taxon čeleď RL § 1

1a 2

2a

2b

3

3a

3b

4

4a

4b

4d

5a 5c

6a

6b

6c

6d

7a

7b

7c

7e 7f

8b

Molluscs

Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Unionidae

*

Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)

Dreissenidae

*

*

*

*

*

Radix peregra (O. F. Müller, 1774)

Lymnaeidae

*

*

Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834)

Unionidae

*

Unio pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Unionidae

KO

*

Mammals

Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 Castoridae

SO

*

*

*

*

* *

*

Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 Leporidae

*

*

Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 Mustelidae

*

Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777) Mustelidae

*

*

Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) Procyonidae

*

Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 Sciuridae

O

*

Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758 Talpidae

*

*

41

Appendix 3: Data and results of field studies. Table 11: Environmental factors in places of phytosociological plots.

Restoration type: S – Spontaneous ecological succesion, T – Technical recultivation; Disturbance: Y – yes, N – no; Substrate: Sa – sand, S – clayish sand, M – soil; Moisture regime: W – Wet, D – Dry.

Releve number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Date (year/month/day)

20

14

08

06

20

14

08

06

20

14

08

06

20

14

08

06

20

14

07

26

20

14

08

19

20

14

07

27

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

18

20

14

08

18

20

14

08

18

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

06

20

14

08

06

20

14

07

17

20

14

08

18

20

14

08

18

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

19

20

14

08

22

20

14

08

22

Plot area (m2) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Altitude (m) 192 192 192 193 192 193 192 192 197 200 201 196 195 193 192 195 195 194 195 195 195 194 194 195 195 196 195 195 193 193 193 193 193 194 199 191

Orientation SW S SW SWJZ S SE - S N S - - SE - E - - E - - - - - - - E - - SE - N NE NE NE NE NE

Slope (degrees) 2 2 2 4 2 2 0 2 3 40 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 3

Type of restoration S S S S S S S S S S T T T S S T T S T T T T T S S S S S S S S S S S T S

Disturbance Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y

Succession age 2 2 2 2 10 25 20 20 0 1 2 7 12 10 10 45 45 45 35 35 35 35 35 10 10 45 35 45 10 10 25 25 25 25 6 25

Substrate Sa S S Sa S S S Sa M M M M M S Sa M M M M M M M M S S M S M S S S S S Sa M S

Moisture regime W W D D W W W W D D D D D W W D D D D D D D D D D D D D D W W W W D D W

Water table depth (m) 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 5 18 19 4 4 1.5 0.7 3 3 1.5 3 3 3 1.5 1.5 3.5 3 4 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.7 6.5 0.2

Cover of tree layer (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 70 75 40 30 75 70 0 0 60 15 70 0 0 90 80 70 0 0 0

Cover of shrub layer (%) 5 0 0 0 5 25 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 10 20 60 5 30 30 0 15 40 60 30 55 0.5 20 20 10 25 2 10 0.1 0

Cover of herb layer (%) 10 85 40 40 80 80 80 50 80 60 90 95 80 40 55 90 90 60 2 60 60 0.5 30 60 40 60 55 80 20 85 70 80 70 90 90 30

Cover of bryophyte layer (%)

0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 5 0 10 0 0 30 15 50 50 40 0 50 5 0 0 10 5 15 10 50 15 80 5 10 15 0.5 0 0.1

Uncovered substrate (%) 82 20 40 55 25 5 5 45 15 25 2 5 5 35 40 5 0 0 5 5 2 0 5 15 30 40 5 10 5 0 5 0 5 1 1 75

Litterfall (%) 3 5 20 5 5 15 20 5 2 25 5 15 30 5 5 30 30 10 80 60 35 95 90 15 20 20 65 10 80 10 80 70 70 95 10 10

42

Figure 13: DCA ordination diagram analysis without covariates.

Altitude = height above sea level; rest = type of succession – T = technical, S = spontaneous; dist = disturbance – Y = yes, N = no; suc_age = site age; Sub = type of substrate – Sa = sand, S = clayish sand, M = soil; mois = moisture conditions – W = wet sites, D = dry sites; WT dept = height above the water (lake) level in the spring; C = vegetation cover – herb I = bryophytes, herb i = herbs, shrub I = shrubs, tree I = trees; Free sub = uncovered substrate, Litterfa = substrate covered with plant litter.

Table 12: The marginal effect of each variable on the species composition of the studied areas. Sorted by variables that best explains for the largest percentage of variability to the variable that explains it worse.

Variable Var.N Lambda1

sub – M 10 0.65 Suc_age 7 0.59 mois – W 11 0.58 mois – D 12 0.58 Altitude 1 0.56 dist – Y 5 0.54 dist – N 6 0.54 WT depth 13 0.49 rest – S 3 0.47 rest – T 4 0.47 sub – S 9 0.43 Litterfa 19 0.42 Free sub 18 0.31 sub – Sa 8 0.25

Table 13: The selection of variables that explains the floristic composition of the plots in the best way and most significantly (forward analysis).

Conditional Effects Variable Var.N LambdaA P F

sub – M 10 0.65 0.002 3.04 Suc_age 7 0.51 0.002 2.51 dist – Y 5 0.39 0.002 1.95 rest – S 3 0.33 0.002 1.69 mois – W

11 0.29 0.002 1.55

-2 8

-26

12

3

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12 13

14

15

16

17

18

19

2021

22

23

24

25

2627

28

2930

31

3233

34

35

36

Altitude

Slope (d

rest - S

rest - T

dist - Y

dist - N

Suc_age

sub - Sa

sub - S

sub - M

mois - W

mois - D

WT depth

C tree lC shrub

C herb l

C moss l

Free sub

Litterfa

43

Figure 14: Ordination diagram of samples with projected classification into categories of disturbances (S = 0 – without disturbance, S = 1 – with disturbance) with site age shown.

Figure 15: Ordination diagram of samples with projected classification into categories of disturbances (S = 0 – without disturbance, S = 1 – with disturbance) with site age shown.

-1 7

-15

22

2

2

10

25

20 20

1

2

7 12

10

10

45

45

45

35

3535

35

35

10

10

4535

451010

25

252525

6

25

SAMPLES

rest - S = 0 rest - S = 1

-1 7

-15

22

2

2

10

25

20 20

1

2

7 12

10

10

45

45

45

35

3535

35

35

10

10

4535

451010

25

252525

6

25

SAMPLES

dist - Y = 0 dist - Y = 1

44

Figure 16: Partial DCA analysis of species composition with removing moisture regime of the site. Rest = type of restoration – T = technical, S = spontaneeous; dist = disturbed – Y = yes, N = no; suc_age = year of site abandonment; Sub = substrate – Sa = sand, S = sol, M = mould; C = cover – herb I = moss, herb i = herb, shrub I = shrub, tree I = shrub; Free sub = free substrate, Litterfa = substrate cover litter.

Ace pse – Acer pseudoplatanus; Agr gig – Agrostis gigantea; Agr sto – Agrostis stolonifera; Aln glu – Alnus glutinosa; Arc lap – Arctium lappa; Bet pen – Betula pendula; Bol lat – Bolboschoenus laticarpus; Bra syl – Brachypodium sylvaticum; Cal epi – Calamagrostis epigeos; Car aca – Carduus acanthoides; Car cri – Carduus crispus; Car acu – Carex acuta; Car hir – Carex hirta; Cir arv – Cirsium arvense; Cor san – Cornus sanguinea; Cyp fus – Cyperus fuscus; Ech cru – Echinochloa crus-galli; Ele pal – Eleocharis palustris agg.; Epi cil – Epilobium ciliatum; Epi par – Epilolium parviflorum; Equ arv – Equisetum arvense; Equ pal – Equisetum palustre; Eri ann – Erigeron annuus; Eup can – Eupatorium cannabinum; Fra ves – Fragaria vesca; Gal apa – Galium aparine; Geu urb – Geum urbanum; Gle hed – Glechoma hederacea; Gna uli – Gnaphalium uliginosum; Hyp per – Hypericum perforatum; Imp par – Impatiens parviflora; Jun buf – Juncus bufonius; Jun eff – Juncus effusus; Jun ten – Juncus tenuis; Lyc eur – Lycopus europaeus; Lys num – Lysimachia nummularia; Lys vul – Lysimachia vulgaris; Lyt sal – Lythrum salicaria; Mil eff – Milium effusum; Per amp – Persicaria amphibia; Per hyd – Persicaria hydropiper; Pha aru – Phalaris arundinacea; Phr aus – Phragmites australis; Pla uli – Plantago uliginosa; Poa pal – Poa palustris; Pop alb – Populus alba; Pop nig – Populus nigra; Pop tre – Populus tremula; Pru cer – Prunus cerasifera; Que rob – Quercus robur; Que rub – Quercus rubra; Ran sce – Ranunculus sceleratus; Ros can – Rosa canina; Rub cae – Rubus caesius; Sal alb – Salix alba; Sal cin – Salix cinerea; Sal pur – Salix purpurea; Sci syl – Scirpus sylvaticus; Sol gig – Solidago gigantea; Sym off – Symphytum officinale; Tan vul – Tanacetum vulgare; Tor jap – Torilis japonica; Tri hyb – Trifolium hybridum; Tri ino – Tripleurospermum inodorum; Tus far – Tussilago farfara; Typ lat – Typha latifolia; Urt dio – Urtica dioica; Val off – Valeriana officinalis; Vul myo – Vulpia myuros; Pic abi – Picea abies; Pop xcs – Populus ×canescens; Sam nig – Sambucus nigra

The main direction of variability in species composition (along the first axis) should be interpreted as a disturbance gradient in combination with time, from disturbed, mostly younger habitats in the left side of the ordination diagram to not disturbed, older habitats in the right side of the ordination diagram. Younger disturbed habitats host species of exposed uncovered disturbed substrates, eg. Bolboschoenus, Typha latifolia, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Alisma lanceolata, Cyperus fuscus or Eleocharis acicularis. Indigenous poplar species occur in sites that are left to spontaneous succession. In the right side of the ordination diagram sites created by afforestation and technical recultivation are located. These sites host species of mesophilic and eutrophic habitats such as Urtica dioica, Sambucus nigra, Galium aparine and Glechoma hederacea.

-2 8

-15

Ace pse

Agr gig

Agr sto

Ali pla

Aln glu

Arc lap

Bet pen

Bid fro

Bol lat

Bra syl

Cal epi

Car aca

Car cri

Car acu

Car hir

Cir arvCir vul

Con can

Cor san

Cyp fus

Ech cru

Ele aci

Ele pal

Epi cil

Epi par

Equ arv

Equ pal

Eri ann

Eup can

Fra ves

Gal apa

Geu urbGle hed

Gna uli

Hum lupHyp per

Imp par

Jun art

Jun buf

Jun eff

Jun tenLyc eur

Lys num Lys vulLyt sal

Mil eff

Per amp

Per hydPha aru

Phr aus

Pla uli

Poa pal

Pop alb

Pop nig

Pop tre

Pru avi

Pru cer

Que rob

Que rub

Ran sce

Ros can

Rub cae

Sal alb

Sal cinSal pur

Sci sylSol gig

Sym off

Tan vul

Tar Rud

Tor jap

Tri hyb

Tri ino

Tus far

Typ lat

Urt dio

Val off

Ver cha

Vul myo

Ace pse

Aln glu

Bet pen

Cor sanFra exc

Pop albPop nig

Pru avi

Que rub

Ros can

Sal alb

Sam nig

Aln glu

Bet pen

Pic abiPin syl

Pop nig Pop tre

Pop xcs

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

212223

24 25

26

27

28

29

3031

32

33

34

35

36

rest - S

rest - T

dist - Y

dist - N

Suc_age

C tree l

C shrub

C herb lC moss l

Free sub

Litterfa

45

Figure 17: DCA analysis of species composition of spiders. Values were extracted, displaying only species with a higher weight in the analysis. ALT = altitude; DIST = disturbance – Y = yes, N = no; AGE = site age; S_ = type of substrate – Sa = sand, S = clayish sand, M = soil; mois = moisture conditions – W = wet sites, D = dry sites; WTD = height above the water (lake) level in the spring; % = vegetation cover – E0 = bryophytes, E1 = herbs, E2 = shrubs, E3 = trees, FREE = uncovered substrate, LITTER = substrate covered with plant litter. AgrBru – Agroeca brunnea; ArcCin – Arctosa cinerea; ArcLeo – Arctosa leopardus; CenSyl – Centromerus sylvaticus; DipCon – Diplostyla concolor; DraLap – Drassodes lapidosus; DraLut – Drassyllus lutetianus; OedApi – Oedothorax apicatus; OedRet – Oedothorax retusus; OZyPra – Ozyptila praticola; PacDeg – Pachygnatha degeeri; ParAgr – Pardosa agrestis; ParAme – Pardosa amentata; ParLug – Pardosa prativaga; PirLat – Pirata latitans; PisMir – Pisaura mirabilis; RobAru – Robertus arundineti; TroRub – Trochosa ruricola; TroSpi – Trochosa spinipalpis; TroTer – Trochosa terricola; TroTri – Trogulus tricarinatus; XerMin – Xerolycosa miniata; ZelSub – Zelotes subterraneus

Figure 18: DCA analysis of species composition of beetles. Values were extracted, displaying only species with a higher weight in the analysis. ALT = altitude; DIST = disturbance – Y = yes, N = no; AGE = site age; S_ = type of substrate – Sa = sand, S = clayish sand, M = soil; mois = moisture conditions – W = wet sites, D = dry sites; WTD = height above the water (lake) level in the spring; % = vegetation cover – E0 = bryophytes, E1 = herbs, E2 = shrubs, E3 = trees, FREE = uncovered substrate, LITTER = substrate covered with plant litter. AbaPar – Abax parallelepipedus; AgoAfr – Agonum afrum; BarMol – Barypeithes mollicomus; CarCor – Carabus coriaceus; CarGra – Carabus granulatus; CarUll – Carabus ullrichii; CicHyb – Cicindela hybrida; CylAre – Cylindera arenaria; HarAtr – Harpalus atratus; ChlNit – Chlaenius nitidulus; NicVesp – Nicrophorus vespillo; OicTho – Oiceoptoma thoracicum; OmoLim – Omophron limbatum; OntOva – Onthophagus ovatus; OxyObs – Oxypselaphus obscurus; PhoAtr – Phosphuga atrata; PseRuf – Pseudoophonus rufipes; PteMel – Pterostichus melanarius; PteNig – Pterostichus niger; PteObl – Pterostichus oblongopunctatus

-2 8

-35

AgrBru ArcCin

ArcLeo

CenSyl DipCon

DraLap

DraLut

OedApi

OedRetOzyPra

PacDeg

ParAgr

ParAme

ParLug

PirHyg

PirLat

PisMir RobAru

TroRur

TroSpi

TroTer

XerMinZelSub

TroTri 1

2

3

4

5

6

ALT

SLOPES

T

DIST_Y

DIST_NAge

S_Sa

S_S

S_M

M_W

M_D

WTD

%E3

%E2%E1

%E0

%FREE

%LITTER

SPECIES

SAMPLES

ENV. VARIABLES

-1 5

-14

AbaPar

AgoAfr

BarMol

CalFus

CarCor

CarGra

CarUll

CicCam

CicHyb

CylAre

CylGer

HarAff

ChlNit

NicVes

OicTho

OmoLim

OntOva

OxyObs

PhoAtr

PseRuf PteMel

PteNig

PteObl

12

3

4

5

6

ALTSLOPE

S

TDIST_Y

DIST_N

Age

S_Sa

S_S

S_M

M_W

M_D

WTD

%E3

%E2

%E1

%E0

%FREE

%LITTER

SPECIES

SAMPLES

ENV. VARIABLES

46

Appendix 4: Comments on selected finds

Bryophytes (Bryophyta) Bryum gemmiferum – RL: LC-att In the Czech Republic it was found for the first time in 2000 at Uhříněves (62). Shortly after the publication of the discovery it

was also found in a nearby reservation Zástudánčí at Lobodice (57, 58). The current known localities are not numerous, but due to the nature of the habitat, it can be assumed that this species is not absolutely rare.

Vascular plants (Tracheophyta) Populus nigra – RL: C1 aut The original populations of poplars are rare in the area's of bigger rivers, mainly in the lowlands in Poohří and around the

Morava and Thaya River. In the vicinity of Tovačov lakes the original population is located near the Zástudánčí NPR. In the mining area we can find individuals having characters of Populus nigra and individuals with characteristics approaching P. × canadensis occuring at the bare substrates.

Ribes nigrum – RL: C1 aut Natural populations occur in the valleys of larger rivers in wetland alder communities. At the Tovačov lakes it occurs

spontaneously arising in lighter woods and it is probably gone wild from cultivated plants in the surrounding gardens. Saxifraga tridactylites – RL: C1 aut The original populations are commonly found on rocky steppes in uplands. Most often, however, this species grows at

railway stations and tracks. Even at the Tovačov lakes it grows only at the railway siding track. Kickxia elatine – RL: C2 t Species of fallows and extensive fields. The current intensive farming and agronomic practices do not meet him too and the

species is disappearing from our landscape. In the area of interest it was found only on the heap of soil in disturbed sites which prevent overgrowing with vegetation competitively stronger. It was found there along with other weeds such Consolida regalis.

Centaurium pulchellum – RL: C3 In Central Moravia it is considered to be relatively rare species, often of unstable populations. It was observed several times

in the area of interest at several places in the mining sites at the right and the left bank of the Morava River. The occurrence at the lake on the left bank (near Troubky) disappeared gradually by drying the pools and the subsequent ecological succession of trees. Although it seems that part of the territory on the right bank of the Morava is suitable for the occurrence of this species quite enough, it was not surprisingly seen too often and not even in wealthier populations.

Cyperus fuscus – RL: C3 One of several important species of uncovered bottoms, which was found during the survey. The species is not too abundant

in Central Moravia. It can be found near Olomouc and Moravičany but its populations are relatively poor. In the area of interest it occurs very frequently in all wet habitats. In the habitats looking like uncovered bottoms the populations are very rich achieving several thousand plants. Thus these populations are important for this species.

Dipsacus pilosus – RL: C3 In the Haná, this species occurs in scattered complex of floodplain forests in Tovačov and Kroměřížsko. Just from the nearby

floodplain forests and their accompanying coastal shrubs at the banks of the River Morava this species rarely penetrates into the area of interest, where it was found in a few (non-flowering) individuals within the site 5a by the way.

Najas marina – RL: C3 In Central Moravia scattered species. The nearest other location is at the Hrdibořický ponds or Kojetín. In the area of interest

it was found only in the lake III. Its population is abundant. Potamogeton nodosus – RL: C3 In Central Moravia scattered species occurring for example at the Hrdibořický ponds or near Olomouc. In Tovačov lakes it

was found on all the lakes. The lake III creates a very rich population, which, however, may be endangered by too intense fish stock or changes in abiotic environmental factors at the site. This all happened after the flood of 1997, after which there was a steady increase in the water level and reduction of the area of the littoral zone.

Vulpia myuros – RL: C3

47

In Central Moravia rare species, found particularly in secondary emerging sandy habitats. The incidence in the area of interest is precisely of this character. Based on the observation of flora in the past and present it can be argued that the population has increased significantly, while now it exists in the majority of suitable sites for this kind of species.

Carex bohemica – RL: C4a In Central Moravia rare species with random occurrence at the launched fish ponds. In the area of interest it is found only on

the shores of lake IV in the harbor area, which was, however, soon after the discovery, along with other rarer species destroyed by depositing the landfill. Just before the destruction of the site the achenes were taken and then then they were planted on the near beach with communities of Cyperus fuscus and Alisma lanceolatum. Furthermore, they were planted also on the marshy parts of 7f site.

Limosella aquatica – RL: C4a In Central Moravia scattered species associated mainly to wet sand pit sites. The Tovačov lakes host relatively rich

population, but majority of it occurs in areas which are prepared for mining. Sometimes it occurs on the uncovered bottoms after the summer retreat of the water level of lake IV. To maintain this kind of ephemeral species, it is important to keep wet substrates free.

Spiders (Araneae) Arctosa cinerea – RL: EN A rare type of large Wolf Spider (prepared for protection by law), which is bound to quality coastal habitats of unregulated

flowing waters, especially to sandy gravel sediments. Secondarily, it also occurs in sand pits and gravel pits. In the Czech Republic it is a rare species that is threatened by the loss of native habitat and overgrowning of suitable habitats. It needs a bare sunny sites with gravel or sandy substrate near water. In Tovačov gravel pit there are quite large populations of this spider at riparian banks in the northwest and the northeast corner of the site 7f.

Myrmarachne formicaria – RL: VU A rare type of ant mimicking jumping spider, which is tied to various preserved sunny habitats, especially steppe and riparian

vegetation. In Tovačov gravel pit it was found in riparian vegetation in the south of Anínské Lake (site 3) and in the riparian bank at the Peninsula (site 8b).

Ozyptila brevipes – RL: EN A rare type of crab spider occurring in well developed wetland habitats. It was found on the edge of riparian bank in 7f site

among reed vegetation. Tmarus stellio – RL: EN Very rare species of crab spider, from the Czech Republic it is so far known only from southern Moravia. It occurs on bushes

and young trees in forest-steppe habitats. One male individual was found in the bushes in the natural vegetation on the western edge of the site 7a.

Dragonflies (Odonata) Orthetrum brunneum – RL: EN Genus Orthetrum is represented by three species in Tovačov sandpits. Orthetrum brunneum is one of the rarest. Primarily

this species is tied to the slowly flowing water streams with the occurrence of sand and gravel sediments (42). We have observed four males in the vicinity of small, shallow pools and puddles with little aquatic vegetation on uncovered surfaces. Exuvia were not found. GPS: 49.4038914°N, 17.3001581°E

Ophiogomphus cecilia – RL: EN; §: SO Ophiogomphus cecilia is bound to lowland to upland rivers of different sizes. The larvae of this species develop in flowing

water streams (42). At the Tovačovský sand pit one male individual was detected. This was probably a test flight. The larvae develop outside the study area. GPS: 49.4038914°N, 17.3001581°E

Anax parthenope – RL: VU; Aeshna affinis – RL: VU Rarer types of dragonflies that are tied to larger backwater areas with rich vegetation and submerged macrophyte aquatic

vegetation (42). The adults were observed on the site 3. Exuvia of these species were found at the site, the indigenity of populations thus failed to prove.

Sympetrum striolatun – RL: NT Genus Sympetrum is represented by four species in Tovačov sandpits. Sympetrum striolatun is late summer to autumn

species of dragonfly. It prefers varied warmed, backwater sites with little aquatic vegetation. The larvae can survive drying of surface water buried in the ground (42). Several dozen pairs of this species were observed in tandem and during laying the eggs in Tovačov sand pits. Autochthonous population here is therefore likely. GPS: 49.4133706°N, 17.3120178°E

48

Ischnursa pumilio – RL: NT Pioneer species Ischnursa pumilio abundantly populates the newly created habitats of anthropogenic origin (42). Epigamic

behavior of this species (tandem and oviposition) were observed in small pools on exposed not-covered sunny habitats in Tovačov sand pits. Autochthonous population is highly likely. GPS: 49.4038914°N, 17.3001581°E

Erythromma viridulum – RL: NT Genus Erythromma is represented by two species in Tovačov sandpits. Adults of Erythromma viridulum seek aquatic

vegetation densely vegetated banks (site 3). Hundreds of individuals were observed in tandem and during laying eggs. Autochthonous population is therefore highly likely. GPS: 49.4230858°N, 17.2987319°E

Orthopterans (Orthoptera) and Earwigs (Dermaptera) Labidura riparia – RL: EN Widespread cosmopolitan species, which is known mainly from southern Moravia. It is typical inhabitant of sandy banks of

bigger rivers. Tovačov lakes are the northernmost occurrence of this species in the whole country. Xya variegata – RL: VU Discreet species which is typical by a hidden way of life at the sandy shores of rivers, but it is also known from industrial

sites. It feeds probably on the algae on the sand. Tovačov lakes are the northernmost occurrence in the country.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) Mormo maura – RL: VU Europe's largest Mormo species with a wingspan of up to 7 cm. In Tovačov gravel pit it is always found near water in riparian

vegetation. It flies in late summer and usually sucks on ripe fruits of Prunus spp. Iphiclides podalirius – RL: VU; §: O

A striking daily butterfly, which used to be rare species in the Czech Republic. Today, however, it occurs in a number of new localities. It is a good airman, it can be found on many treeless areas in the Tovačov gravel pit. The caterpillar of this species feeds on sunny Prunus spp.

Cupido decoloratus – RL: NT It is another kind of butterfly that has recently expanded to a number of new sites. It occurs at anthropogenic ruderal

habitats, often in the middle of towns. This species inhabits weedy landfills in the western part of the site 8a.

Beetles (Coleoptera) Anthicus sellatus – RL: EN It occurs throughout Europe and it is a typical inhabitant of sandy gravel river sediments. Like other species in Tovacov it uses

humid mining residual sites without vegetation as a secondary habitat. It is very rare in the area of interest. Bembidion modestum – RL: VU, Bembidion testaceum testaceum – RL: EN, Dyschirius nitidus – RL: VU All these species are typical representatives of sandy gravel sediments on the banks of the water. They use wet mining

residual sites without vegetation as a secondary habitat. They are all fairly common in the Tovačov gravel pit. Cylindera germanica – RL: VU Widely distributed throughout Europe, inhabiting a variety of habitats with sparse vegetation. Last years, it is often found in

industrial sites. In Central Moravia it is a rare species and in Tovačov gravel pit it is very rare. Cyphocleonus dealbatus – RL: VU The adults from April until late summer, prefer dry and warm habitats. Oligophagous species looking for plants of the family

Asteraceae, mainly on the Tanacetum vulgare. The larvae feed on the roots of host plants, where they create feeding marks, pupates and they hatch in the spring. In Central Moravia it is relatively rare species, in Tovačov gravel pit it is very rare.

Negastrius sabulicola – RL: CR, Zorochros meridionalis – RL: CR Typical representatives of click beetles living on sandy gravel alluviums of bigger rivers. The larvae are polyphagous or

carnivorous, the adults live in clusters of plants of the coast water zones. Both species are rare in the Czech Republic and it is the same in Tovačov gravel pit.

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Cassida rufovirens – RL: EN Beetle known from Central and Eastern Europe. In the Czech Republic it is found sporadically and especially in warm regions.

Both larvae and adults live on plants of the family Asteraceae, especially on Matricaria sp. In Tovačov gravel pit, this species is very rare.

Phaedon laevigatus – RL: EN Chrysomelid beetle living in all Europe, especially in foothill and mountain areas. Both adults and larvae live on Galeopsis sp.

In Tovačov gravel pit, this species is very rare. Meloe proscarabaeus – RL: EN Oil beetle widespread in central, southern Europe to the Caucasus. It lives in the lowlands on xerothermic habitats where

larvae are parasiting on various species of solitary bees. In the Czech Republic this species has recently spread and in Tovačov gravel pit is relatively abundant.

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Appendix 5: Biologically valuable sites.

Figure 19: Fauna at the mining residual site during first stage of succesion. From the left top: Nebria livida, Labidura riparia, Meloe proscarabaeus, Cicindela hybrida, Arctosa cinerea, Cylindera arenaria.

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Figure 20: Important plants of uncovered bottoms. Vegetation of Cyperus fuscus in front of reed vegetation. From top left – Alisma lanceolatum, Ranunculus sceleratus, Carex bohemica, Limosella aquatica, Centaurium pulchellum.

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Appendix 6: Implications for management

Figure 21: The appearance of the area prepared for mining. (source: mapy.cz a googlemaps.com).

Figure 22: Depositing of mining residuals and its appearance at the end of storage. (source: mapy.cz)

Figure 23: The appearance of the coastline. (source: mapy.cz)

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