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RESEARCH (Kerlinger) systematic, empirical, controlled & critical investigation of a hypothetical proposition related to natr

phenomenon!

"HE#$%E#$# anything that affects hman life

disease, signs & symptoms, procedres, %', R#s

H"$HES*S edcated gess, scientific gess, tentative statement of a spposed ans+er! not no+n yet if tre of false, right or +rong

RESEARCH mst -e condcted to affirm or deny a hypothesis!

. ma/or Characteristics of a Scientific Research

0! Systematic follo+ step -y step process! 1r identification of pro-lem to conclsion!

2! Empirical proper o-/ective! o collect data, facts & evidence to spport hypothesis!

3! Controlled proper planning4 direction! Research design!.! Critical investigation fact finding investigation! (synonym)

"5R"$SE $1 AS*E#*1*C #5RS*#6 RESEARCH

' descriptive prpose! 6ain richer familiarity regarding a phenomena! $-servation! 0778 no+n to R#!

E e9ploratory prpose! :78 still nno+n to R#!

E e9perimental prpose! "erform maniplation! "erform intervention! ;hat to find ot case & effect!

' developmental prposes! 1ro improvement of system of care!

1 #ightingale -irthplace! *taly

raining grond< 6ermany

6reatest contri-tion< environmental theory & training of R#s in Crimean ;ar

School< St! homas School of #rsing

"atient nrsing focs on research

07 %A=$R SE"S

0! *dentification or formlation of research pro-lem2! Revie+ of related literatre

3! conceptali>ation of conceptal4 theoretical frame+or

.! 1ormlation4 Adapting hypothesis

:! Choosing the appropriate design

?! Choosing sample from pop

@! Condcting final stdy or pilot stdy

! Collection of data -ase

B! Analysis & interpretation of data -ase07! 'isseminating the conclsion & recommendation!

"ro-lem< in res reires a soltion

Sorces (CD*E#) of good pro-lem

C concepts

D literatres

* issesE essays

# nrsing pro-lems

theories

Char of good pro-lem (6R*1*#S)

6 general applica-ility reslt shold -e helpfl or applica-le to all!

a!) -asic4 "re for personal no+ledge

-!) Applied focs is solving pro-lems of others

Re researcha-le collecta-le & a-ndant data

1 feasi-le or measra-lea!) time

-!) money4 cost

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c!) participants

d!) instrments

e!) e9perience

f!) proper ethics of good researcher

* important

# novelty original to avoid plagiarism!

S significant

ETHICS OF A PROPER RESEARCHER: (SCIENTIFIC)

S scientific o-/ective al+ays (good faith)

C consent

* integrity

E eita-le (appropriate acno+ledgments) lia-le for

# no-le Respect 3 -asic rights of research sample

trthflness* importance of topic to nrsing profession

C corage to loo for data!

Degal o+ner of chart< Hospital

Degal o+ner of data in the chart< "atient

"lagiarism illegal replication< no consent & acno+ledge

3 rights of sample/ pt

0!) Right not to -e harmed

2!) Right to self determination get consent & right to +ithdra+ consent

3!) Right to privacy

a!) anonymity privacy of identity of informant

-!) confidentiality name given -t privacy of info4 data

Harm that can happen to sample4pt

0!) right from physical , mental & moral harm

2!) Right to self determination

#egligence

0!) Commission naccepta-le in standard of practice

2!) $+rission didnt do anything! #o intervention done!

%ental Harme & sensitive to pt! empathy

#ot good style in leadership -t good in emergency cases! $r dring acte crisis!

2! Dai>>es 1aire4 1rierein4 Doose

e9cess freedom 4 or li-erates to mem-ers

athority neglect patients +ill sffer

control malpractice

discipline

3! 'emocratic 4 "articipative gets inpt from mem-ers (decision maing) %tal participation

%em-ers maes mistae mem-er +ill get notice4 hearing -efore discipline O de process

Gality4 Sills4 A-ilities of good nrsing leadered -ottom (delegation)

to manage directly pts or concerns

F!+eha*ior of goo% "'rse lea%er:

S specific -ody of no+ledge & sills to do safe care to patient! R# shold -e competent +ith scientific rationale

" patient cettered4client focs

A acconta-ility lia-le for reslt of actions

C confidentiality

E ethics

6eneral rle< R#< can -e charged +ith