Research Needs to Support Food-based Dietary Guidance in an Era of Over-Nutrition
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Transcript of Research Needs to Support Food-based Dietary Guidance in an Era of Over-Nutrition
Allison A. Yates, PhD, RDAllison A. Yates, PhD, RDDirectorDirector
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARS USDA/ARS Beltsville, MD Beltsville, MD
Research Needs to Support Research Needs to Support Food-based Dietary Guidance Food-based Dietary Guidance
in in an Era of Over-Nutritionan Era of Over-Nutrition
Tetrapartite Meeting, June 2008Tetrapartite Meeting, June 2008
Overview of food and nutrition research at ARS
Human Nutrition Action Plan 2009-2013
Research issues on the agenda
Today’s DiscussionToday’s Discussion
Human Nutrition Research -- Human Nutrition Research -- $85 M$85 M
Six human nutrition research centers— Houston TX & Baylor University: children— Boston MA & Tufts University: aging— Little Rock AR & Arkansas Children’s Hosp.: early nutrition (para-
conceptional)— Grand Forks ND @ Univ. No. Dakota: rural concerns— Davis CA @ Univ. Calif at Davis: chronic disease— Beltsville MD @ BARC: adults; nutrition monitoring
Other specific projects @ ARS locations
ARS Human Nutrition ARS Human Nutrition Research Program CustomersResearch Program Customers
Other governmental food and nutrition action agencies — USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS)
– Food Stamp Program; WIC Food Program; MyPyramid Food Guide— USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS)— National Institutes of Health
– Methods to estimate food intake and dietary patterns when correlating diet and risk of disease,
– Nutrient Database; Dietary Supplement Database– Polyphenol studies related to chronic disease risk factor reduction
— U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): scientific basis of nutrition regulations Dietary Guidelines for Americans – Joint USDA/DHHS Commodity trade associations, food processors Advocacy groups improving the health of vulnerable groups
ARS Human Nutrition MissionARS Human Nutrition MissionTo improve the nutrition and health of the American people by enhancing the quality of the American diet and improving related health behaviors through research
From the 2009-2013 Action Plan: National Program 107 — Human Nutrition
2009-2013 2009-2013 Human Nutrition Action PlanHuman Nutrition Action Plan
Four Components Four Components
Nutrition Monitoring and the Food SupplyScientific Basis for Dietary Guidance for Health
Promotion and Disease PreventionPrevention of Obesity and Related DiseasesLife Stage Nutrition and Metabolism
Steps to Develop Action PlanSteps to Develop Action Plan Led by National Program Staff Review of past 5 years of overall research by external
review group Workshop with stakeholders (customers), laboratory
scientists, and invited academics Purpose: identify needed research areas for future
investment Action plan developed with overall themes Put out for comment prior to finalization
Use of Action PlanUse of Action Plan National program staff develop objectives for 5 years for
scientists given their expertise and priority areas in plan Scientists develop outline of future research projects--- approved
by Center directors, Area directors, finally National Program staff Scientists submit full proposal for 5-year period addressing
objectives and describing gaps to be filled, research plans, collaborations identified
Plans evaluated by blinded external reviewer panels to determine if proposed research is sound
Major Issues in NutritionMajor Issues in Nutrition Evolution from public health directives for nutrition
guidance to individualized personal nutrition recommendations — New methods to detect specific risk factors for chronic diseases
Emerging role of immune response/inflammatory disease as intermediary in expression of chronic disease (CVD, diabetes, cancer, obesity)
Investigation of the health-promoting properties of foods---when are other food components considered nutrients?
Dietary Guidelines Versus Dietary Guidelines Versus RDAsRDAs
ConceptuallyConceptually Dietary Guidelines:
Qualitative advice to the public about dietand chronic disease prevention
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs):Quantitative advice to professionals professionals aboutamounts of nutrients or food components
found to be of benefit
Knowledge of Food Composition
Knowledge of Foods Consumed by Representative Groups
Observations of Food Intake and Risk of Disease
AssociationAssociation
REQUIRED:
CausationCausation
Hill, 1971
RESEARCHNEEDS:
Biological plausibility Temporally correct associationStrength of associationDose-response relationshipConsistency of associationSpecificity of association
Improved Dietary Guidance Relating Food Component to Risk
GOAL:
Major Issues in NutritionMajor Issues in Nutrition
Obesity Causation and Prevention—Physiological contributors—Social context—Environmental contributors
1995
2000
2005
2010?
Obesity Trends* in the U.S.: % of Adults with BMI 30 by State
No Data
< 10%
10-14%
15-19%
20-24%
25-29%
30%
Obesity Research at Beltsville Human Obesity Research at Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center---Nutrition Research Center---
Stemming the EpidemicStemming the Epidemic
(* or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person; Source, BRFSS, CDC )
Beltsville has the only USDA human studies facility with three live-in calorimeters to evaluate energy metabolism and the effect of various foods & exercise on body weight and energy regulation
When will the U.S. turn completely red?
Can dairy products assist in weight loss?BHNRC scientists find that whey protein maintains muscle massand may decrease body fat
Does dietary fiber increase satiety, helping in weight management?BHNRC scientists found that barley fiber increased satiety in women
Weight maintenance = energy intake – energy expenditure, or does it?
What causes insulin resistance? How much is heredity, and how much is the environment?