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RESEARCH IN THE SERVICE OF CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Heidi Unruh.
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Transcript of RESEARCH IN THE SERVICE OF CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Heidi Unruh.
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RESEARCH IN THE SERVICE OF CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
Heidi Unruh
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"May your love abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, so that we may be … filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes
through Jesus Christ."
(Philippians 1:9-11)
Ultimate Goal of Research
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UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH
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WORKSHOP AGENDA
• Understanding research
• Why research
• Research methods
• Research models
• The “work” in “workshop”:
Case studies
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What is research?
• Research is the systematic gathering of valid information for use in problem-solving, decision-making, or progress toward a goal.
• to help answer a question, address a problem or move toward a goal
• Types of research: – quantitative / qualitative– academic / action
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What is research?
• Stages of research: – posing the question– gathering data – organizing data– analyzing data– disseminating findings– applying / acting on findings
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Dynamics of research
• Intellectual: expand our base of knowledge about God's world and our role in it
• Practical: inform effective action, generate support for action
• Ethical: collect and use information in a valid way – minimize potential for abuse
• Relational: empower the community by engaging stakeholders as co-learners
• Spiritual: connect what's happening "on earth" with God's will "in heaven"
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Research Ethics?
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Research terminology• Investigative framework: Larger context or
narrative in which research question is framed• Objective: What you hope to learn – often
involves testing a hypothesis • Measurement: Units of change or qualities
being compared • Standard: External baseline or control group
against which subjects of investigation are measured
• Stakeholders: All who have an interest in or are affected by the research
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How a missional theology informs research
• Investigative framework: Connecting the Biblical story and our story
• Objective: Informed, contextually appropriate participation in God’s mission
• Measurement: Seeing the world and our role in it through God’s eyes
• Standard: “Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven” – prophetic imagination
• Stakeholders: Community of God’s children – loved, redeemed and called by God
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WHY RESEARCH
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How research can inform ministryApplications of research to CCD goals:• Context – "exegete community“; discern social / cultural / historical
/ spiritual dynamics
• Problem – define what needs to be done
• Resources – discover assets in church and community
• Priorities – narrow the focus of ministry efforts
• Methodology – best way to use resources to meet missional goals in your context
• Impact – are we solving the problem or meeting our goals?
• Program – process of evaluation and growth (assess / learn / plan / respond)
• Vision – what are our goals? How do we define success?
• Relationships - who will work toward a shared vision?
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Key ministry research questions:
1. "What's really going on here?" ~ How do we discover and strengthen what is
vital, true and good in our culture, community and organization?
~ What are the main concerns, assets and dreams in our community?
~ How does the unseen affect what is seen: what systems, power structures, cultural influences, historical trends and spiritual forces influence the current situation?
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Key ministry research questions:
2. "Who's involved?"~ Who are the stakeholders and what are
their perceptions of the situation?
~ How can stakeholders be involved collaboratively in the solution?
~ Who else has worked or is working on a similar or connected concern?
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Key ministry research questions:
3. "What do we do about it?"~ What are priority ministry goals for our
organization, in relation to other stakeholders and partners?
~ What are best practices (programs, policies, organizing strategies, etc.) to achieve a particular ministry goal, given our context?
~ How do we share the gospel and promote wholeness in contextually appropriate ways?
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Key ministry research questions:
4. "How are we doing?" ~ Is our ministry having an impact? How do we
make it better?
~ How do we connect the biblical model with our observations of the world?
~ Are we being faithful to God's mission for the church in general, and our organization in particular?
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Naming your research question: What do you want to learn?
1. "What's really going on here?"
2. "Who's involved?"
3. "What do we do about it?"
4. "How are we doing?"
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METHODS OF RESEARCH
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Methods for gathering information:
• Ask people
• Gather documents
• Make observations
• Count things
• Collect measurements
• Use instruments
• Employ 3rd party
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Connect with existing research:
• Universities, colleges, seminaries • Government offices• Civic groups• Census data (quickfacts.census.gov)• Foundations• Denominational / ecumenical research
offices and commissions• Research organizations / policy institutes• Research consultants / professional
evaluators
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Methods for analyzing information:
• Clustering / hexagoning
• Flowcharts
• Spreadsheets
• Correlations
• Statistical analysis
• Theme analysis
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Methods for sharing information:
• Tables & charts
• Maps
• Reports
• Stories (case studies)
• Multi-media
• Roundtable
• Seminars / workshops
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Methods for sharing information:
• Tables & charts
• Maps
• Reports
• Stories (case studies)
• Multi-media
• Roundtable
• Seminars / workshops
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Identifying your methods:How will you get and use
information?
1. Identifying existing research
2. Methods for gathering new information
3. Methods for analyzing information
4. Methods for sharing information
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RESEARCH MODELS
(a framework for gathering and making sense of information)
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Logic Model
• Can be used for any of the research questions, but particularly useful for “How are we doing” (evaluation) questions
• Visual representation of the link between inputs / results
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Logic Model
(S + P) I (+ E) O R
S = Situation (needs, strengths, symptoms, causes, stakeholders)
P = Priorities (mission, values) I = Inputs (resources – what we invest) E = External factors – environmental influences) O = Outputs (activities – what we do; participation
– who we reach) R = Outcomes (Results – impact in short-,
medium-, long-term)
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Indicators
• "Something that helps you understand where you are, which way you are going and how far you are from where you want to be" (sustainablemeasures.com)
• Help us frame a vision for ministry: what would our community look like if the kingdom of God were realized here as it is in heaven?
• World Vision indicators: "Transformational development seeks to restore and enable wholeness of life with dignity, justice, peace, and hope." (transformational-development.org)
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Indicators
• Identify sustainable measures of success
• Particularly helpful model for “What’s going on here?” and “What do we do about it?”
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Indicators
Compass of indicators (optimalniche.com, © AtKisson.com):
N = Nature
E = Economy
S = Society
W = individual well-being
Center = Spiritual condition
Outer circle = Built environment
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Participatory Action Research
• Not really a methodology but a guiding approach • “A reflective process of progressive problem
solving lead by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a “community of practice” to improve the way they address issues and solve problems.” (Wikipedia)
• Can apply to various models and research questions
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Participatory Action Research• Qualities of PAR:
– Participatory: clients, informants, and other stakeholders are involved as active participants in the research process
– Qualitative: more interested in subjective data and descriptive measures than objective data and numerical indicators; can be “fuzzy”
– Reflective: includes critical reflection on the process and outcomes of research
– Emergent: involves multiple, open-ended research cycles; good for contexts in flux or where research question is not yet clear
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Participatory Action Research
• Cyclic process in 4 basic phases: – Engage (identify stakeholders and plan
participation in research question)– Look (gather information about the research
question) – Think (interpret and analyze information in
real time, involving stakeholder feedback)– Act (plan and implement actions based on the
research, leading to change
• Initiate new cycle
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Participatory Action Research
Observation / data gathering
Reflection / critical analysis
Planning & action
See materials on Action Learning and Action Research, edited by Bob Dick, www.scu.edu.au
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Other research models:
• Experimental / quasi-experimental model
• Outcome evaluation
• Congregational assessment
• Community assessment
• Appreciative inquiry
• Vision search
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Choosing your model
What model or framework will guide your research process?
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Want to learn more …?
Join the research track at SCUPE!
April 15-18, 2008 Chicago
For more information: [email protected]