Research in the line of Higher Education Commission (HEC) Index Servicing Dr. Ayub Mehar Director...

Research in the line

of

Higher Education Commission (HEC)

Index Servicing

Dr. Ayub MeharDirector General

The Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI)

Karachi: Jinnah University for Women

March 28th , 2009

Modeling the Economic Development –

R&D Activities & Higher Education

Share of Knowledge-based Products in Global Trade

TYPE OF COMMODITY Twenty

years

ago

Now

High Technology 11% 22%

Medium Technology 22% 32%

Low Technology 21% 18%

Resource Based 11% 11%

Other Primary Goods 34% 13%

Miscellaneous 1% 4%

Innovation’s Phases Wave Period Inventions

First Wave 1785-1845 Water Power; Textiles; Iron

Second Wave 1845-1900 Steam Rail, Steel.

Third Wave 1900-1950 Electricity, Chemicals, Internal combustion Engine

Fourth Wave 1950-1990 Petrochemicals, Electronics, Aviation

Fifth Wave 1990-2020 Digital Networks, Software,New Media.

Research Environment

Entrance Requirement

Economy Size &

Structure

Political Security, Efficiency & Influences

Corporate Ethics, Accountability &

Management Structure

Investment

Financial Resources(Savings)

Quality of Faculty and

Students

Higher Education &

Training

Innovations and Knowledge Creation

Corporate & Political

Governances

Technological Readiness

Business Sophistication

Business Competitiveness

Links Between Corporate & Political Governances, Higher Education and Business Competitiveness(Simultaneity in the Model)

Economic Development and Knowledge Based Activities

Country GDP

($bill.)

Exports

($ billion)

Expenditures

for R & D (% of GDP)

Researchers

in R & D per

million people

Scientific

& Technica

l Journals Articles

Royalties Received($ Million)

2006 2000-05 2006

Egypt 107 13 0.19 493 1,658 138

France 2248 490 2.13 3320 30309 6230

Germany 2896 1112 2.5 3242 44145 5888

India 912 120 0.61 119 14608 112

Israel 140 46 4.95 1613 6309 596

Japan 4368 650 3.18 5294 55471 20096

Malaysia 151 161 0.63 509 615 26

Pakistan 127 17 0.43 80 492 53

Turkey 403 85 0.67 469 7815 0

United King. 2377 448 1.75 2706 45572 13588

United Stat. 13164 1038 2.68

4605205320 62378

Share of Knowledge-based Products in Global Trade

• Knowledge-based technology has the largest share in world trade basket.

• Scientific development is an outcome of the knowledge-creating activities in the universities. This scientific development produces innovations, inventions and technological advancements. If a country wants to achieve the higher growth targets, it will have to create the links between academic institutions, industrial units, and economic planning.

• Innovation is the final output of academic research. The most important step in creating a research and innovation environment is to promote higher education and research activities in academia.

Modeling the Economic Development

• Economic growth is considered as the blackest of the many black boxes in economics. However, the common ingredient for the higher growth is the innovations and new technology.

• In fact, the sources of competitive strength are never constant for long. The sustainability in knowledge creating activities leads the economic development through inventions and technological advancement. America's success has been sustained because of the harmonization between academia, industrial management and macro economic policy making.

Transformation of Knowledge into Economic Profits

• Economic growth, technological advancement, scientific development, knowledge creating activities and academic research are jointly determined factors. The academic research is ultimately transformed into economic growth.

• If we want to achieve the higher growth targets, we will to develop the linkages between the academic institutions, industrial units and economic planning.

• The dependency of economic development on academic research, innovations and technological advancement has multi dimensional linkages and inter-dependency between the availability of fiscal resources and accelerated marketable technological advancement.

Transformation of Knowledge into Economic Profits (Cont..)

• Average return on successful innovations was 56 % as compared to the 7 % average return on normal business activities all over the world during the last 30 years. (Ref: Stanford University)

• The creation and utilization of knowledge is the key element to promote the technological advancement and as well economic development.

• First, the ideas are submitted in the universities, where scientists, researchers, or economists test and verify the originality and usefulness of those ideas. Out of 300 submitted ideas, one hundred are converted only into small projects at the research institutes of the universities and only eight ideas are reached at the stage of large projects. The industrialists and large business organizations provide funds for research for those projects to get the research outcomes for commercialization.

• (Ref: Economic Intelligence Unit, London)

Final Equation of the Knowledge Based-Growth Model

To accelerate the economic growth and to develop the meaningful relations with the industry, university faculties have to find the new technologies. They have to create new ideas; they have to formulate new theories and procedures. All of those are the parts and elements of the knowledge creating activities.

• Pakistan was one the 162 countries which contributed less than 2 percent of the research papers in total (0.08 percent). Japan was in the fourth rank and India was 22nd. The deterioration in economics and technology is a natural

consequence of this phenomenon.

Missing Links in Pakistani Scenario

Cont..

• Academia in Pakistan has failed to develop linkages with the industry and there is no sign of creativity of knowledge to develop the industrial and trade activities.

One can find at least three missing links in the system of higher education in Pakistan:

1. First missing link can be observed between the strategy for promotion of research culture and the curriculum. The policy for the development of academic research and the system of examinations work in opposite directions. The system emphasizes the memorization of texts and mechanical use of the concepts and formulas. This problem was created because of the stereotype lectures and the extensive

use of the study guides and short notes. Cont..

2. The second missing link is the disconnection of research degrees with knowledge creation. The system checks only the ritual requirements. It cannot verify the objectivity, originality and acceptability of research work. Such degrees will increase the number of PhD degree holders only. They cannot create knowledge for economic development.

3. Third missing link is between the academic research and economic development. To convert the knowledge into economic development, universities lead (do not follow) the industry. It is a notable difference between the role of higher education and vocational education that higher education institutions lead the industries because they work for future. They innovate, invent and develop the new products, process and systems with the help of new ideas and knowledge advancement. While, vocational education supplies the workers and qualified professionals for the existing system.

Pakistan’s Competitiveness in the World (Ranking)

Country Technology Index

Public Institution

s Index

Global Competiti

veness Index

Higher education

and training

Business Competitiv

e Index

Pakistan 87 74 101 123 73

China 62 55 46 64 47

India 63 53 55 63 30

Korea 9 41 29 12 24

Malaysia 27 38 31 35 23

Thailand 43 45 34 51 37

Brazil 42 50 57 58 38

Turkey 52 63 66 72 52

Finland 3 3 1 1 2

USA 1 21 2 5 1

Dissemination of Research

From Ideas to Marketing

STAGE ACTIVITY QUANTUM OF ACTIVITIES

1st Step Unwritten Raw Ideas 3000

2nd Step Ideas Submitted for Publications

300

3rd Step Small projects 100

4th Step Large Developments 8

5th Step Major Developments 4

6th Step Launches 2

7th Step Success 1

DISSEMINATION PROCESS

Sources of Information for Required Topics :

Newspapers,

Magazines &

Industry/Trade Journal

Observations /

Data Sources

Text Books

(For previous Knowledge,

techniques & methods

Academic / Referred Journals (original / primary & applied

research)

Professional Journals

Abstract Journals (e.g. JEL, ECONLIT)

Citation Indexes (e.g. ISI, REPEC )

Impact Factor, Ranking of the

Institutions

COUNTRY INDICATORS

S.No.

CountryDocumen

ts

Citable Document

sCites

Self-Cites

Cites per Doc.

H inde

x

1 United States 172,662 165,016877,7

65467,835 5.43 143

2United Kingdom

60,691 57,808251,4

08109,211 4.92 90

3 Canada 22,343 21,63297,97

325,620 5.23 76

4 Australia 17,139 16,62361,03

117,157 4.38 50

5 Germany 15,406 14,93944,98

412,871 3.37 59

6 Netherlands 10,954 10,66350,53

913,575 5.65 60

7 France 10,449 10,14625,98

86,831 3.03 44

8 China 6,444 6,393 8,786 4,105 2.57 30

9 Japan 6,085 5,99115,46

04,368 3.08 33

10 Spain 5,639 5,56716,12

94,416 3.98 35

11 India 4,560 4,415 7,114 2,170 1.85 25

12 Pakistan 706 616 952 306 1.77 14

Retrieved from: http://www.scimagojr.com. SCImago Research Group, Copyright 2007. Data Source: Scopus®

ABSTRACTS AND CITATIONS

• ISI THOMSON

• REPEC/IDEAS

• SOCIAL SCIENCES ABSTRACTS

• CABBEL

ONLINE LIBRARIES

• JSTOR

• GDNET

• INOMICS

• OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS

List Ranking methods by IDEAS

S.No. Ranking Methods

1 NbWorks: Number of Works

2 DNbWorks: Number of Distinct Works

3 ScWorks: Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor

4 WScWorks: Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor

5 ANbWorks: Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors

6AScWorks: Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors

7AWScWorks: Number of Distinct Works, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors

8 NbCites: Number of Citations

9 DCites: Number of Citations, Discounted by Citation Age

10 ScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor

11DScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor, Discounted by Citation Age

12 WScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor

13WDScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor, Discounted by Citation Age

14 ANbCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors

15ADCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors, Discounted by Citation Age

16AScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors

Cont…..

S.No. Ranking Methods

17ADScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors, Discounted by Citation Age

18AWScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors

19AWDScCites: Number of Citations, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors, Discounted by Citation Age

20 HIndex: h, where author has written h papers that have each been cited at least h times

21 NCAuthors: Number of Registered Citing Authors

22RCAuthors: Number of Registered Citing Authors, Weighted by Rank (Max. 1 per Author)

23 NbPages: Number of Journal Pages

24 ScPages: Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Simple Impact Factor

25 WScPages: Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Recursive Impact Factor

26 ANbPages: Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors

27AScPages: Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors and Simple Impact Factors

28AWScPages: Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors and Recursive Impact Factors

29 AbsViews: Number of Abstract Views in RePEc Services over the past 12 months

30 Downloads: Number of Downloads through RePEc Serices over the past 12 months

31AAbsViews: Number of Abstract Views in RePEc Services over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors

32ADownloads: Number of Downloads through RePEc Serices over the past 12 months, Weighted by Number of Authors

List Ranking methods by IDEAS

Countries and States Ranking by IDEAS

Cont…..

Rank

Country or State

Score

Nb Work

s

DNb Work

s

Sc Work

s

WSc Work

s

ANb Work

s

ASc Work

s

AWSc Work

s

Nb Cite

s

D Cite

s

Sc Cite

s

1Massachusetts (United States)

1.35 8 8 2 1 7 1 1 1 1 1

2United Kingdom

1.73 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 3

3California (United States)

2.58 5 6 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 2

4New York (United States)

4.34 9 10 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4

5Illinois (United States)

6.1 14 14 7 5 13 6 5 5 5 5

6 Germany 6.96 2 2 10 10 2 9 10 8 7 12

7

District of Columbia (United States)

7.19 10 11 8 7 11 8 7 6 6 6

8 Canada 7.45 7 7 5 6 6 5 6 9 10 10

9 France 7.68 4 4 6 9 5 7 9 7 8 9

10 Italy 8.28 3 3 9 11 3 10 12 10 9 11

55 India53.5

147 45 56 55 39 53 53 61 61 63

82 Pakistan82.8

573 73 91 78 71 89 78 87 95 89


Cont…..

Country or State

DSc Cites

WSc Cites

WDSc

Cites

ANb Cites

AD Cites

ASc Cites

ADSc Cites

AWSc

Cites

AWDSc Cites

H Inde

x

Inca thors

RCAu thors

Massachusetts (United States)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

United Kingdom

3 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 2 1 2

California (United States)

2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

New York (United States)

4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4

Illinois (United States)

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5

Germany 9 12 11 7 7 11 11 11 11 6 8 9


6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 5 6

Canada 10 9 10 8 9 9 9 9 9 16 10 8

France 8 10 8 10 8 10 10 10 10 11 7 7

Italy 12 11 12 11 10 12 12 12 12 9 9 10

India 62 61 64 60 60 61 60 62 62 60 61 61

Pakistan 93 89 93 88 93 90 93 91 93 111 93 92


Country or State

Nb Page

s

Sc Page

s

WSc Page

s

ANb Page

s

ASc Page

s

AWSc Page

s

Abs View

s

Down loads

AAbs View

s

ADown loads

Massachusetts (United States)

3 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2

United Kingdom

1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

California (United States)

2 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3

New York (United States)

7 4 4 5 4 4 7 6 6 5

Illinois (United States)

13 5 5 13 5 5 13 13 13 12

Germany 6 12 12 6 11 12 3 3 4 4


11 8 8 11 8 8 10 9 9 8

Canada 4 6 6 4 6 6 9 10 8 10

France 8 7 7 8 7 7 6 7 7 7

Italy 5 9 10 7 9 10 5 5 5 6

India 53 58 60 53 57 59 38 39 30 30

Pakistan 75 91 90 77 90 91 61 60 57 55

Research Output from Pakistan

S.No. InstitutionPublications

In 2007Publications

In 2008

Universities

1 Quaid-e-AzamUniversity 409 544

2 University of Karachi 276 419

3 Aga Khan University 186 311

4 University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 252 310

5 University of The Punjab 162 278

6 Govt. College University 97 154

7 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology 92 149

8 University of Sargodha 38 115

9 University of Sind, Jamshoro 59 105

10 University of Peshawar 77 97

11 Bahauddin Zakariya University 50 92

12 National University of Science & Technology 48 92

13 University of Arid Agriculture 49 87

14 University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 38 55

15 DOW University of Health Sciences 11 49

16 GIK Institute of Engineering Science & Technology 16 46

17 University of Baluchistan 28 40

18 Islamia University 22 40

19 NWFP Agricultural University 20 29

20 Lahore University of Management Sciences 19 27 Cont…


S. No. Institution

PublicationsIn

2007

PublicationsIn 2008

21 University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 11 26

22 Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science &

Technology 07 26

23 Gomal University 12 24

24 Ziauddin Medical University 07 24

25 King Edward Medical University 12 23

26 Kohat University of Science & Technology 06 23

27 Baqai Medical University 11 22

28 International Islamic University 05 21

29 Lahore College for Women University 07 19

30 Sindh Agriculture University 12 18

31 University of Science & Technology, Bannu 06 18

32 Hazara University NONE 17

33 University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir 13 15

34 University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila 13 15

35 University of Health Sciences 05 14

36 Allama Iqbal Open University 09 12

37 ISRA University 05 11

38 Shah Abdul Latif University 05 11

39 Foundation University 04 11

40 Khyber Medical University 04 11

Cont…


In 2007Publications

In 2008

41 Fatima Jinnah Women University 03 11

42 National Textile University 03 11

43 NED University of Engineering & Technology 08 10

44 NWFP University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 06 10

45 Mohammad Ali Jinnah University 09 09

46 Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences 06 09

47 University of Malakand 06 09

48 Hamdard University 05 09

49 Islamia College University, Peshawar 03 07

50 Air University 02 07

51 Mehran University of Engineering & Technology NONE 07

52 Jinnah University for Women 05 06

53 Bahria University NONE 04

54 National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences (FAST) 07 03

55 Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology 04 03

Cont…




In 2007Publications

In 2008

56 University of Lahore 04 03

57 Riphah International University NONE 03

58 Forman Christian College University NONE 03

59 University of Education 03 02

60Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering

& Management Sciences NONE 02

61 Gandhara University NONE 02

62 IQRA University NONE 02

63 Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences NONE 02

64 Beacon house National University NONE 01

65 Institute of Business Administration, Karachi NONE 01

66 Karakoram International University NONE 01

67 Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University NONE 01

68 University of Management & Technology NONE 01

Cont…

S.No. InstitutionPublication

sIn 2007

PublicationsIn 2008

Other Institutions

1 Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology 106 171

2 Pakistan Council for Scientific & Industrial Research 38 110

3 National Agriculture Research Center 79 81

4 Pakistan Institute of Engineering &Applied Sciences 54 73

5 Nuclear Institute of Agriculture & Biology, Faisalabad 41 60

6 National Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering

49 55

7 Combined Military Hospital 15 53

8 Pakistan Institute of Medical Science 11 31

9 Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center 12 27

10 Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam 14 20

11 Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health 09 18

12 National Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology 11 17

13 Pakistan Agriculture Research Council 07 17

14 Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences NONE 17

15 Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission 15 16

16 Shifa College of Medicine 09 16

17 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 07 16

18 Liaquat National Hospital Karachi 09 15

19 Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture, Peshawar 12 14

20 Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar 05 14


Cont…


Cont…

S.No. InstitutionPublication

sIn 2007

Publications

In 2008

21 Allama Iqbal Medical College 03 14

22 Civil Hospital Karachi 10 12

23 Institute of Molecular Sciences & Bioinformatics 09 12

24 Army Medical College 04 12

25 Shamim Feed Industries, Bahawalpur 12 11

26 Pakistan Museum of Natural History 11 11

27 Fauji Foundation Hospital 06 11

28 Sheikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute NONE 11

29 Khyber Teaching Hospital 08 10

30 Military Hospital ,Rawalpindi 05 10

31 Pakistan Medical Research Council 04 10

32 Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Center 04 09

33 Geological Survey of Pakistan 10 08

34 Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research

Center 07 08

35 Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation 05 08

36 Lahore Medical & Dental College 04 08

37 Fatima Jinnah Medical College 02 08

38 Rawalpindi Medical College 02 08

39 National Institute of Health 11 07

40 Mayo Hospital, Lahore 08 07


Cont…

S.No. InstitutionPublicatio

nsIn 2007

Publications

In 2008

41 Shalamar Hospital 03 07

42 Sir Ganga Ram Hospital 03 07

43 Karachi Medical & Dental College 00 07

44 Rawalpindi General Hospital 02 06

45 Holy Family Hospital NONE 06

46 Govt. Degree College for Science & Commerce, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi

NONE 06

47 Central Cotton Research Institute, Faisalabad 08 05

48 Jinnah Hospital Lahore 06 05

49 National Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi 05 05

50 Punjab Institute of Cardiology 04 05

51 Institute of Nuclear MedicineandOncology,Lahore 02 05

52 Pakistan Institute of Community Opthalmology, Peshawar 02 05

53 National Institute for Child Health 03 05

54 Lahore General Hospital NONE 05

55 Armed Forces Institute of Rehab. Medicine NONE 05

56 SUPARCO 04 04

57 Institute of Space Technology NONE 04

58 Chandka Medical College NONE 04

59 Nishtar Medical College NONE 04

60 Punjab Medical College NONE 04


Cont…


nsIn 2007

Publications

In 2008

61 Lyari General Hospital NONE 04

62 College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan NONE 04

63 Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore NONE 04

64 Adamjee Govt .Science College, Karachi 03 03

65 Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering 02 03

66 FederalGovt.PostGraduateCollegeH-8,Islamabad 02 03

67 Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital 02 03

68 Sexual Health Institute Pakistan, Lahore 02 03

69 Wah Medical College NONE 03

70 POF Hospital NONE 03

71 Services Hospital. Lahore 02 03

72 Institute of Psychiatry NONE 03

73 Lahore Institute of Research & Development NONE 03

74 Govt. Postgraduate Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif, Swat NONE 03

75 Bahawal Victoria Hospital NONE 03



nsIn 2007

Publications

In 2008

76 Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi NONE 03

77 Allied Hospital, Faisalabad NONE 03

78 Bolan Medical College 04 02

79 Dawood College of Engineering & Technology 02 02

80 National College of Arts NONE 02

81 National College of Business Administration & Economics NONE 02

82 Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbotabad NONE 02

83 Armed Forces Institute of Urology NONE 02

84 Ayza Skin & Research Center, Lalamusa NONE 02

85 AZM Hospital, Sargodha NONE 02

86 Institute of Business & Technology BIZTEK NONE 01

87 Kinnaird College for Women NONE 01

88 Bannu Medical College NONE 01

Research in the line of Higher Education Commission (HEC) Index Servicing Dr. Ayub Mehar Director...

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