Research in Alternative Energy...
46
Research in Alternative Energy Generation Mark Holtzapple Sergio Capareda Partha Mukherjee Pavel Tsvetkov
Transcript of Research in Alternative Energy...
Research in Alternative Energy GenerationMark HoltzappleSergio Capareda
Partha MukherjeePavel Tsvetkov
StarRotor Compressor Technology
Inlet
Outlet
StarRotor Expander Technology
Inlet
Outlet
Electricity Storage
Comp
Compressed air
Motor
Electricity Recovery
Exp
Compressed air
Generator
Pipeline Pressure Recovery
GeneratorNatural gas from
high-pressure pipeline
Natural gas tolow-pressure distribution
Inter-warming heat exchangers
StarRotor expanders
Waste Heat RecoveryStarRotorexpander
Rankine Cycle Power Generation
Pump
Waste Heat
Generator
Condenser Boiler
Solar Thermal Engine
Parabolic trough solar collector
StarRotorExpander
Electric generator
Rankine Cycle Power Generation
Pump Pump
Solar Collection and Thermal Storage System
Thermal storage tank
Condenser
ηcomp = ηexp = 82%
ηengine = 57 – 66%
⇓
Presenter
Presentation Notes
The StarRotor engine is very efficient. It uses the Brayton thermodynamic cycle, which is also used in jet engines. Unlike jet engines which use spinning fan blades, the StarRotor engine uses gerorotors for the compressor and expander. The compressor raises the air pressure to about 6 atmospheres. This high-pressure air is preheated in a heat exchanger. In the combustor, fuel is added to raise the air to the final temperature. Then, this hot, high-pressure air is sent to an expander where work is produced. Finally, the air is released at 1 atmosphere. It is still fairly hot, so it is sent to a heat exchanger where most of the remaining heat is captured and recycled within the engine.
StarRotor Engine
StarRotor Engine Properties• High efficiency (57-66%)• Low pollution• Low maintenance• Low cost• High power density• Negligible vibration• Multi-fuel
Sergio CaparedaDepartment of Biological
and Agricultural [email protected]
Biomass Thermal Conversion Research at BAEN
BAEN Pyrolysis Research and Facilities
State-of-the-Art Fluidized Bed Pyrolyzer
A
B
C
D
EF
G
B
CA DE
GH
IJ
K
F
Hood
The pyrolysis setup used for cotton-gin trash. (A) Purge gas (N2), (B) Gas flow meter 1, (C) Digitally-controlled furnace, (D) tar/moisture trap, (E) Condenser, (F) Thermocouple reader, (G) Liquid collector, (H) moisture trap, (I) Gas flow meter 2, (J) Sampling/exhaust port, and (K) Gas analyzer.
Auger-Based Continuous Pyrolyzer
End Product: BioGasoline
Batch Pyrolysis
BAEN Gasification Teaching and Research Facilities
Electrical Power Production System using MSW
in TAMU Gasifier
Skid-Mounted Gasifier
Mobile Gasifier
Development of Control System for
Gasifier
GasifierTemperature Profile
Continuous Production of
Combustible Gas
Bio-char for soil amendment
Vision for Future MSW/Household Refuse Applications
16
Solids Separator
HouseholdRefuse
Generator
Hot Air
2b
Metals/plastic
Separator
Engine
Heat Exchanger
Biomass Pellets(10% MC)
Water or recycling
Gas Cleanup
Drying and Pelleting
Cold Air
High quality synthesis gas
Note: Propane burner only used during start up
Grid-Tie
System
MSW Collection and Segregation System
RecycledWater
Power Generation
CombustibleRefuse Only
NoncombustibleRefuse
Partha P. MukherjeeEnergy and Transport Sciences Laboratory (ETSL)Department of Mechanical [email protected]
Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Research Energy and Transport Sciences Laboratory (ETSL)
Lithium-ion Battery
Issues• Lithium-ion battery performance, durability, safety• Battery thermal management• Materials-transport interaction
Graphite LiCoO2
LiPF6 salt
Lithium-ion Battery *B. Scrosati, Nature Nanotechnology, 2, 598 (2007). *Mukherjee et al., Handbook of Battery Materials , PCCP, J. Electrochem Soc., ELS Electrochimica Acta (2007 - 2013).
Small length scale• Simple code• Lots of data
Large length scale• Complex code• Less data
Lithium-ion Battery *B. Scrosati, Nature Nanotechnology, 2, 598 (2007). *Mukherjee et al., Handbook of Battery Materials , PCCP, J. Electrochem Soc., ELS Electrochimica Acta (2007 - 2013).
Model showing effects of nanocrystallites on packing density for LiFePO4 cathodes.
Lithium-ion Battery *B. Scrosati, Nature Nanotechnology, 2, 598 (2007). *Mukherjee et al., Handbook of Battery Materials , PCCP, J. Electrochem Soc., ELS Electrochimica Acta (2007 - 2013).
Lithium diffusion induces stresses and fractures in active particles causing mechanical degradation of battery
Lithium-ion Battery *B. Scrosati, Nature Nanotechnology, 2, 598 (2007). *Mukherjee et al., Handbook of Battery Materials , PCCP, J. Electrochem Soc., ELS Electrochimica Acta (2007 - 2013).
Influence of electrode microstructures on impedance
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Issues • PEM fuel cell performance, durability• Water and thermal management• Interaction of microstructure – transport – performance
HOR – hydrogen oxidation reaction (anode) ORR – oxygen reduction reaction (cathode)
C-supported Pt-catalyst
ionomeric electrolyte (e.g., Nafion)
C-supported Pt-catalyst
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
*Mukherjee et al., Energy & Environmental Sc., J. Materials Chem., J. Electrochem. Soc. Electrochimica Acta (2006-2012).
Porous electrodes for gas diffusion
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
*Mukherjee et al., Energy & Environmental Sc., J. Materials Chem., J. Electrochem. Soc. Electrochimica Acta (2006-2012).
DNS – direct numerical simultationEXP – experiment
Effect of water blockage on catalyst layer
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
*Mukherjee et al., Energy & Environmental Sc., J. Materials Chem., J. Electrochem. Soc. Electrochimica Acta (2006-2012).
Water transport in catalyst layer
Redox Flow Battery
All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Features:• Independently control power and energy• Scalable• Safe operation• Low maintenance• Long life (>10,000 cycles)
Redox Flow Battery
*Sum and Skyllas-Kazacos , J. Power Sources, 15, 179 (1985)*C. Blanc, PhD Thesis, EPFL, doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-4277 (2009)*Sathisha, Dalal, Mukherjee (2013)
Comparison of simulation with experimental data
Redox Flow Battery
*Sum and Skyllas-Kazacos , J. Power Sources, 15, 179 (1985)*C. Blanc, PhD Thesis, EPFL, doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-4277 (2009)*Sathisha, Dalal, Mukherjee (2013)
Ion concentrations during charge and discharge
Redox Flow Battery
*Sum and Skyllas-Kazacos , J. Power Sources, 15, 179 (1985)*C. Blanc, PhD Thesis, EPFL, doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-4277 (2009)*Sathisha, Dalal, Mukherjee (2013)
Impact of operating parameters
The Potential of Nuclear Energy
Current FutureElectricity ×Heat
The Potential of Nuclear Energy
Current FutureElectricity × ×Heat ×
Unique Property of Nuclear Energy
Unique Property of Nuclear Energy
Extended autonomy from fuel supplies
Unique Property of Nuclear Energy
Remote powerSpace powerDecentralized power
Extended autonomy from fuel supplies
37
System Integration and Nuclear Technology
LWR – light water reactorSMR – small modular reactorVHTR – very high temperature reactors FR – fast reactorsHLW – high-level waste
H2O – water desalinationQ – process heatH2 – hydrogen energy carrierIII+ – Generation 3+IV – Generation 4
38
Variety of designs and integration options
NGNP – next generation nuclear power VHTR – very high temperature reactorsDB – deep burnLWR – light water reactorFR – fast reactor
OTTO – once through then outLEU – low enriched uraniumTRU – transuranicsMOX – mixed oxide
39
Advanced system analysis and optimization
High-Fidelity System Analysis
40
Stochastic Models
41
Energy and efficiencyCommercial Reactors Future Reactors
42
Energy and efficiencyCommercial Reactors Future Reactors
43
Advanced energy technologies and systems
FF – fission fragmentFP – fission product
Direct energy conversion
• Canonical magnetic collimators• “Venetian blind” systems• Magnetohydrodynamics
Potential to convert 90% of
nuclear energy to useful forms
44Modularity, adaptability and performance
Electricity
Potable water
Process heat
Products
Advanced Small Modular Reactors (SMR)
45
Modeling, experimentation and demonstration
Emulation of SMR conditions in existing research reactors
ConclusionOpportunities for collaboration in energy:
• Production• Conversion• Storage• Integration• Control
