Research II-V02_Reem Abuzeid

8/8/2019 Research II-V02_Reem Abuzeid

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intelligent ornament:

Smart materials are materials that have one or more

properties that can be signicantly changed in a controlled

fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature,

moisture, pH, electric or magnetic elds.

There are a number of types of smart materials

Some examples are as following:

01. Shape memory alloys

02. Magnetic shape memory alloys

03. PH sensitive polymers

04. Temprature responsive polymers

05. Photomechanical materials

06. Smart bers

smart materials

http://science

ray.com/technology/metals-with-memories-the-shape-

memory-alloy

s-may-hold-a-key-to-future-en

ergy-requirements/2/

http://scienceray.com/technology/metals-with-memories-the-shape-

memory-alloys-may-hold-a-key-to-future-energy-requirements/2/


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Shape Memory Alloys (SMA, smart metal, memory

metal, memory alloy, muscle wire, smart alloy) is an alloy

that remembers its original, cold-forged shape: return-

ing the pre-deformed shape by heating. This material is a

lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional actuators

such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and motor-based systems.

Shape memory alloys have applications in industries includ-

ing medical and aerospace.

Shape memory alloys have different shape memo-

ry effects. Two common effects are one-way and two-way

shape memory

One-way memory effect

When a shape memory alloy is in its cold state, the

metal can be bent or stretched and will hold those shapes

until heated above the transition temperature. Upon heat-

ing, the shape changes to its original. When the metal cools

again it will remain in the hot shape, until deformed again.

With the one-way effect, cooling from high tempera-

tures does not cause a macroscopic shape change. A defor-

mation is necessary to create the low-temperature shape.

On heating, transformation starts at As and is completed at

Af (typically 2 to 20 C or hotter, depending on the alloy or

the loading conditions). As is determined by the alloy type

and composition. It can be varied between 150 C and 200

C.

smart materials

http://en.wikip

edia.org/wiki/Shape_memory

_alloy


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Two way memory effect

The two-way shape memory effect is the effect that

the material remembers two different shapes: one at low

temperatures, and one at the high temperature shape. A ma-

terial that shows a shape memory effect during both heating

and cooling is called two-way shape memory. This can also

be obtained without the application of an external force (in-

trinsic two-way effect). The reason the material behaves so

differently in these situations lies in training. Training implies

that a shape memory can learn to behave in a certain way.

Under normal circumstances, a shape memory alloy re-

members its high-temperature shape, but upon heating to

recover the high-temperature shape, immediately forgetsthe low-temperature shape. However, it can be trained

to remember to leave some reminders of the deformed

low-temperature condition in the high-temperature phases.

There are several ways of doing this[4]. A shaped, trained

object heated beyond a certain point will lose the two way

memory effect, this is known as amnesia.

Demonstration Clip:

http://www.smaterial.com/SMA/phenomena/phenomena.

html

smart materials

http://science

ray.com/technology/metals-with-memories-the-shape-

memory-alloy

s-may-hold-a-key-to-future-en

ergy-requirements/2/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wik

i/Shape_memory_alloy


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Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys are materials that

change their shape in response to a signicant change in

the magnetic eld.

Structural reorientation gives rise to strain (a), which

usually occurs by twin boundary motion, either by an exter-nal stress or magnetic eld (b).

smart materials

http://www.ifw-dresden.de/institutes/imw/section

s/21/funct-magn-mat/

ferromagnetic-sha

pe-memory-alloys


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pH sensitive or pH responsive polymers are mate-

rials which will respond to the changes in the pH of the

surrounding medium by varying their dimensions. Such ma-

terials swell or collapse depending on the pH of their envi-

ronment. This behaviour is exhibited due to the presence of

certain functional groups in the polymer chain.

In this work, chitosan-based thermo- and pH-re-

sponsive nanoparticles were synthesized via surfactant-

free emulsion polymerization and found the particle size of

nanoparticles varied with the pH value or temperature in the

medium.

smart materials

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pola.v47:11/issuetoc

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P

H-sensitive_polymers


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Temperature Responsive Polymers are polymers

which undergo a physical change when external thermal

stimuli are presented. These physical changes can be ex-

ploited for many analytical techniques, especially for sepa-

ration chemistry.

smart materials

http://www.gzespace.com

/gzenew/index.php?pg=shap

e_memory_

polimer&lang=en

http://www.yo

utube.com/watch?v=AJAgUz

fkKvc

fabric before activation

fabric after activation


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heat sensitive fabrics

http://www.w

ired.com/gadgetlab/2010/06/gallery-smart-textiles/7/

smart materials


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Photomechanical Materials The photomechanical

effect is the change in the shape of a material when it is

exposed to light.

The most common mechanism of the photomechani-

cal effect is light-induced heating.

smart materials

http://www.gzespace.com/gzenew/index.php?pg=shape_memory_

polimer&lang=en


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Smart Fibers

Smart Fibers

http://www.t

echnovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.

asp?NewsN

um=2041

http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.

asp?NewsNum=2041

smart materials

Smart FibersThe bers are soft and exible, like a natural

ber; however, these tiny laments can conduct electricity when

woven into fabrics.

In laboratory tests, the researchers showed that the new E-

bers could light up a simple light-emitting diode when connected to

a battery. When coated with certain antibodies, the bers detectedthe presence of albumin, a key protein in blood a function that

could be used to detect bleeding in wounded soldiers. The fabrics

could also help monitor diseases and vital signs, they say.


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wearable computation

hussein chalayan

http://www

.youtube.com/watch?v=Xdhb4RD

XS8w&fea

ture=related

http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=nNcmQYo2rO

g&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=lCJVtAWzLi

c&feature=related

http://www

.youtube.com/watch?v=g3gZ

ZCm6Th

g&feature

=related


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The Body Speaker

http://subtela.hexagram.ca/Pages/Tornad

o%20Dress.html

http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/06/gallery-sma

rt-textiles/4/

The Body Speaker, which is worn in direct contact with the

body, places sound-capturing membranes on the skin and directs

the sound signals to a control system.

van Heck says she was inspired by the fact that technology

such as X-rays and CT scans make it easy to look inside the hu-

man body.By hearing the sounds from our own body we become

aware of our own existence and the condition and necessities of

our body, she says. In times of stress we tend not to listen to our

bodies quite enough and take it for granted.

The lining has been embroidered with conductive threads

and electronic components including super-bright white LEDs.

Three small photocells were stitched to the outside of the dress

and detect ambient light. Depending on the quantity of light that is

sensed, different ashing patterns are triggered in the LED display,

reminiscent of lightning effects that can accompany severe weather

situations.


Tornado dress


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http://www.talk2myshirt.com/blog/archive

s/3150

The aim of the e-Pressed project is to communicate nega-

tive emotions such as grief, sadness, pain, fear or anger in a new

way, a way to create awareness in the wearer and in others and

possible interaction between people.

Bio sensors placed around the shirt pick up the level of

stress or anxiety of the wearer and indicate this via embeddedLEDs.

Fast blinking indicates a high level of irritation and once

the therapy, the interaction with another person via acupuncture

points on the shirt starts, the LEDs ashing frequency slows down

in sync with the relaxation level of the wearer until the light goes off,

indicating a balanced emotional stage.

The shirt itself is made of two layers, inside and outside

layer with the buttons of the pressure areas and the LEDs placed

between the inner and outer garment layer.

The galvanic skin response sensor is connected to the Ar-

duino board. The wearer of the shirt has to connect two ngers of

his/her left hand to the sensor.


e-Pressed, smart Shirt


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Musical Circuit Dress

CuteCircuit GalaxyDress at MSI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX9FOGFxN9A&feature

=related

http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/06/gallery

-smart-textiles/


A dress with 35 old circuit boards stitched together

is not for everyone. But Nicky Assmann, who built the dress

over a four month period, says she chose circuit boards as

the fabric for her dress because she liked their look.

Twelve coils are incorporated into the dress, each

of which is played by connecting it to one another throughcopper nger plates. The musical composition results as the

ngers explore the dress. There are two speakers on the

front of the dress, and the entire dress runs on batteries.

The straps on the dress are made from electric ca-

bles that are are used for rewiring the circuit-bended board

from the back to the coils to the front. Its very functional,

says Assmann, since it solved the problem of where to leave

the wires.

The GalaxyDress is embroidered with 24000 color

LEDs, it is the largest wearable display in the world. Con-

structed using the smallest full-color LEDs that are at like

paper and measuring only 2 by 2 mm.


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bubelle

bubelle

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRX-3

DDBow0&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com

/watch?v=WRX-3DDBow0&N

R=1


Philips Design announced today that it has devel-

oped a seriesof dynamic garments as part of the ongoing

SKIN exploration research into the area known as emotion-

al sensing. The garments, which are intended for demon-

stration purposes only, demonstrate how electronics can be

incorporated into fabrics and garments in order to expressthe emotions and personality of the wearer.

The marvelously intricate wearable prototypes in-

clude Bubelle, a dress surrounded by a delicate bubble

illuminated by patterns that changed dependent on skin con-

tact- and Frison, a body suit that reacts to being blown on

by igniting a private constellation of tiny LEDs.


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http://www

.fashioningtech.c

om/proles/b

logs/wearable-a

bsence

Wearable Absence is an interactive garment that functions

as an interface for a database of digital memories.

Through the use of wireless technology and bio-sensors,

users of the garment are able to retrieve archived information from

an absent persons life via a mobile application.

Whats interesting about this project is that the user has no

real control of when and how they receive these digital memories.

The ow of information is unconsciously triggered by bio-sensors

that monitor the physical state of the wearer.


Wearable Absence

http://subtela.hexagram.ca/Pages/WearableAbsence.html

Research II-V02_Reem Abuzeid

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