RESEARCH ETHICS. Overview Ethics vs. Moral Historical examples of ethical issues Efforts to...
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Transcript of RESEARCH ETHICS. Overview Ethics vs. Moral Historical examples of ethical issues Efforts to...
Overview
Ethics vs. Moral Historical examples of ethical issues Efforts to address ethical issues
APA IRB
Real-world discussion of ethical dilemmas
Introduction
Ethics vs. Morality Ethics = principles and rules from an
external sources Professional organization, Institutional Review
Board (IRB), university, government Morals = personal standards for right and
wrongUnethical Ethical
Immoral
Moral
Historical Context
Historical Examples Tuskegee study (see text), Project MKUltra,
Willowbrook study More Recent Controversies
Rind et al. (1998) study Diederik Stapel (see text) Replicability “crisis” (see NYT coverage)
Critical positivity ratio (2.9013) ESP study P-hacking
Funding and Conflict of Interest
Different implications of conducting research that is (a) unfunded, (b) funded by public or non-profit sources, or (c) funded by industry
Short-term concern: Impact of funding source on reported results
Long-term concern: Impact of reported results on funding Examples involving drinks, followed by the
pharmaceutical industry
APA’s 10 Ethical Standards
Human relations Avoid harm, exploitation, discrimination, harassment, conflicts of
interest Avoidance or careful management of “multiple relationships”
Research and publication Consent, exploitation of subordinates, participant compensation,
deception, debriefing, reporting results, plagiarism, publishing Assessment
Psychologists designing, administering, and scoring psychological tests should have the qualifications to do so
Education and training Accuracy in education/training programs, no sex with
subordinates Privacy and confidentiality Others: Resolving ethical issues, competence, advertising,
record keeping and fees, therapy
APA and Torture
Student summary of the controversy An update from the 2015 APA convention What does this say about the fallibility of
“ethics codes”? How was this controversy influenced by
war-time politics? Should you be a member of an
organization you believe has acted unethically?
How will this policy change be enforced?
Institutional Review Board (IRB) Who has personal experience with the
IRB? Committee composition Levels of review
Non-research Exempt Expedited Full-board
Institutional Review Board (IRB) Application
Abstract Protocol Consent Form + Process
Child assent Characteristics of Participants, especially for at-
risk groups Risks and Benefits to Participants + Society
Special attention to coercion, privacy and confidentiality, deception and debriefing, crisis management
Instrumentation CITI documentation for entire study team
Critique of IRBs
Potential for immorality Reliance on “broken windows theory” High standards with selective non-
enforcement Bureaucratic: Many non-experts, slow,
variable, decentralized, overly concerned about methodology, unrealistic concerns about low-risk studies,
Some of these problems may change with revision of the “Common Rule”