Research Assignment- Black

HistoryDone by: Bryan Chia Jun Qing (5)

2P1

Slavery American Civil War Jim Crow Laws Civil Rights Movement Montgomery Bus Boycott and Scottsboro

Trials Traits of a True Southern Belle and Southern

Gentleman Harper Lee

Content

The first African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619.

Slave Trade then grow rapidly Was needed for cheap labour They came from West Central Africa, Bight

of Biafra, Sierra Leone, Senegambia, Gold Coast, Bight of Benin, Mozambique-Madagascar.

Slavery

The Englishmen bought the slaves from ships.

Made them work as servants. Slaves could not marry, have a family, tesify

in court or own property legally. The book To Kill a Mocking Bird actually

helps me understand the situation and discrimination the Negros faced in the states of America.

Happened from 1861 to 1865. Was a civil war in the United States of America The confederate states in Southern America

include: South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Texas,

Tessenssey, Louisiana, Virginia, Mississippi, and Georgia

Abraham Lincoln started the Civil War in 1861. The North was against the expansion of slavery

beyond the states in which it already existed in the South.

American Civil War

The U.S. forces won the Civil War after General Grant army defeated the Confederate’s army.

The confederates surrendered to the U.S and they reclaimed the Southern states

Slaves were freed In TKAMB, Atticus fought a lawsuit to free

Tom Robinson, a Black from a false a accusation

Thomas Dartmouth appeared on stage as "Jim Crow" - an exaggerated, highly stereotypical Black character.

By 1838, the term "Jim Crow" was being used as a collective offensive racial epithet for Blacks.

This popularized the belief that Blacks were lazy, stupid, inherently less human, and unworthy of integration.

By the end of the 19th Century, the phrase Jim Crow was being used to describe laws and customs which oppressed Blacks.

Jim Crow laws

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.

The following things were segregated for Whites and Blacks:

- Public schools, public places and public transportation - Restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains - U.S. military Restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans. In TKAMB, the Blacks did not have the same status in

court like the Whites and faced discrimination.

Jim Crow Laws

It refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states.

The emergence of the Black Power Movement, enlarged the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency, and freedom from oppression by white Americans.

Supported by John F. Kennedy

Civil rights movement

In 1961, Freedom riders oppose segregation.

Blacks and whites take buses to the South to protest bus station segregation. Many are greeted with riots and beatings

On August 28, 1963, more than 200,000 blacks and whites gather before Lincoln Memorial to hear speeches (including King's "I Have a Dream") and protest racial injustice.

Incidents that happened duringthe civil rights movement

Always ready to help, active in her community and also through her children's schools.

Does not care about the money, antiques and family traditions are more important.

Knows her manners, how to entertain and cook, the importance of education, dresses appropriately, values her friends.

Examples are Maudie Atkinson and Aunt Alexandra Hancock

Scout however, is not a Southern Belle.

True Southern Belle

Wears the right clothes, tip their hat to the ladies, talk with a drawl, know how to appreciate a good meal, offer assistance.

Examples are Atticus Finch, Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch

Bob Ewell, however isn’t a Sourthen Gentleman because he is an alcoholic who poaches game to feed his family and he spends whatever money they legally gain on booze.

True Southern Gentleman

A political and social protest campaign that started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, USA, intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system.

The boycott resulted in a crippling financial deficit for the Montgomery public transit system.

Eventually, the United States Supreme Court declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.

Montgomery Bus Boycott trials

The Scottsboro Boys were nine black teenaged boys accused of rape in Alabama in 1931. It dealt with racism and a basic American right to a fair trial.

The case was first heard in Scottsboro, Alabama in three rushed trials, where the defendants received poor legal representation.

After appealing a lot of times, sentences for the rest ranged from 75 years to death.

7 served prison sentences. One was shot in prison by a guard. Two escaped, reoffended, and were sent back to prison.

Clarence Norris, the only one sentenced to death, was pardoned by George Wallace in 1976 and wrote a book about his experiences.

The last surviving defendant died in 1989.

Scottsboro trials

She was born in Monroeville, Alabama on April 28, 1926.

Was the youngest of four children of Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Cunningham Finch Lee. Her mother's name was Finch.

Her father, a former newspaper editor and proprietor, was a lawyer who served in the Alabama State Legislature from 1926 to 1938.

Harper Lee

She is an American author best known novel To Kill a Mockingbird, which deals with the issues of racism that were observed by the author as a child in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama.

To Kill a Mockingbird was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim and it was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961.

Harper Lee

Thank you.