Research and Review 5x5 Biodiversity and Extinction

7/30/2019 Research and Review 5x5 Biodiversity and Extinction

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Summer 2013

Biodiversity and Education| a2bitnickel

ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW 3


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Research and Review

Before you start each story do some research.

Where should you look?

The title helps you find the ideas. In this title we find three (3) words

that will help us.

The url is ~ http://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctions.

Extinction ~ Species ~ Habitat

Now go find some information to answer these three questions

Find some ideas like ~

What are three habitats in trouble?

1.___________________________________2.___________________________________3.___________________________________

Why are they in trouble?

1.___________________________________2.___________________________________3.___________________________________

What solutions can you find to help save habitats?

1.___________________________________2.___________________________________3.___________________________________

Discuss this when you get to class.
http://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctionshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctionshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctions


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Topic ~ Biodiversity and Extinction 5x5

Step 1 ~~ Think about 5 different ideas that biodiversity. Look

at your research to help you.

1.___Extinction ____

2._________________

3._________________

4._________________

5._________________

Step 2 ~~ Make 5 questions about each idea. One is done for you.

1.___ Extinction ________

i) What is the biggest concern about endangered species?ii) Which species are in the most danger?iii) How can humans affect the rate of extinction?iv) Who gains the most from better education?v) What advantages are there to using gadgets in education?

2._________________

i) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

iii) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

iv) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

v) _______________________________________________


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3._________________

i) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

ii)______________________________________________________________________________________________iii) _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

iv) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

v) _______________________________________________4._________________

i) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

iii) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

iv) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

v) ______________________________________________________________________________________________5._________________

i) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

iii) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

iv) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

v) ______________________________________________________________________________________________


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Step 3 ~~ Make longer one sentence answers for each question.

1.___ Extinction ________

i) What is the biggest concern about endangered species?____________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Which species are in the most danger?__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

iii) How can humans affect the rate of extinction?__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

iv) Who gains the most from better education?__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

v) What advantages are there to using gadgets in education?__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

2._________________

i)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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iv)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

3._________________

i)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iv)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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4._________________

i)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iii)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5._________________

i) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

ii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________


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iii)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

iv)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

v)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Read the story

Loss of Biodiversity and Extinctionsby Anup Shah /March 03, 2013

Massive Extinctions From Human Activity

Despite knowing aboutbiodiversitys importancefor a long time,human activity has been

causing massive extinctions. As theEnvironment New Service, reported back in August 1999

(previous link): the current extinction rate is now approaching 1,000 times the background rateand may climb to 10,000 times the background rate during the next century, if present trends

continue [resulting in] a loss that would easily equal those of past extinctions. (Emphasis added)

A major report, theMillennium Ecosystem Assessment, released in March 2005 highlighted a

substantial and largelyirreversible loss in the diversity of life on Earth, with some 10-30% of the

mammal, bird, and amphibian species threatened with extinction, due to human actions. TheWorld Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) added that Earth is unable to keep up in the struggle to

regenerate from the demands we place on it. The International Union for Conservation of Nature

(IUCN) notes in a video that many species are threatened with extinction. In addition,

At threat of extinction are 1 out of 8 birds 1 out of 4 mammals 1 out of 4 conifers 1 out of 3 amphibians 6 out of 7 marine turtles

75% of genetic diversity of agricultural crops has been lost 75% of the worlds fisheries are fully or over exploited
http://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctionshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctionshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctionshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-careshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-careshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-careshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-careshttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug1999/1999-08-02-06.asphttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug1999/1999-08-02-06.asphttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug1999/1999-08-02-06.asphttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug1999/1999-08-02-06.asphttp://www.globalissues.org/article/408/sustainable-development-introductionhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/408/sustainable-development-introductionhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/408/sustainable-development-introductionhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4391835.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4391835.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4391835.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4391835.stmhttp://www.globalissues.org/article/408/sustainable-development-introductionhttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug1999/1999-08-02-06.asphttp://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug1999/1999-08-02-06.asphttp://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-careshttp://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctions


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Up to 70% of the worlds known species risk extinction if the global temperatures rise bymore than 3.5C

1/3rd of reef-building corals around the world are threatened with extinction Over 350 million people suffer from severe water scarcity

Is this the kind of world we want, it asks?

After all, the short video concludes, our lives are inextricably linked with biodiversity and

ultimately its protection is essential for our very survival:

What kind of world do we want?

In different parts of the world, species face different levels and types of

threats. But overall patterns show a downward trend in most cases.Proportion of all assessed species in different threat categories of

extinction risk on the IUCN Red List, based on data from 47,677 species.

Source: IUCN, pie chart compiled bySecretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010)Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, May 2010

As explained in the UNs 3rdGlobal Biodiversity Outlook, the rate of

biodiversity loss has not been reduced because the 5 principle pressures

on biodiversity are persistent, even intensifying:1. Habitat loss and degradation2. Climate change3. Excessive nutrient load and other forms of pollution4. Over-exploitation and unsustainable use5. Invasive alien species

Most governments report to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity that these pressures are

affecting biodiversity in their country (see p. 55 of the report). The International Union for the

Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains theRed Listto assess the conservation status ofspecies, subspecies, varieties, and even selected subpopulations on a global scale. Extinction

risks out pace any conservation successes. Amphibians are the most at risk, while corals have

had a dramatic increase in risk of extinction in recent years.

Threat status of comprehensively assessed species by IUCN.Source: IUCN, compiled bySecretariatof the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, May 2010, p. 28

(visit for larger image)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdsB0zlQ4bghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdsB0zlQ4bghttp://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://www.iucnredlist.org/http://www.iucnredlist.org/http://www.iucnredlist.org/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://www.iucnredlist.org/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://gbo3.cbd.int/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdsB0zlQ4bg


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The reasons vary from overuse of resource by humans, climate change, fragmented habitats,habitat destruction, ocean acidification and more.

Research of long term trends, in the fossil record, suggests that natural speed limits constrain

how quickly biodiversity can rebound after waves of extinction. Hence, the rapid extinction ratesmean that it could take a long time for nature to recover. Consider the following observations

and conclusions from established experts and institutions summarized by Jaan Suurkula, M.D.

and chairman ofPhysicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science andTechnology(PSRAST), noting the impact that global warming will have on ecosystems and

biodiversity: The world environmental situation is likely to be further aggravated by the

increasingly rapid, large scale global extinction of species. It occurred in the 20th

century at a ratethat was a thousand times higher than the average rate during the preceding 65 million years.

This is likely to destabilize various ecosystems including agricultural systems.

In a slow extinction, various balancing mechanisms can develop. No one knows what will be

the result of this extremely rapid extinction rate. What is known, for sure, is that the worldecological system has been kept in balance through a very complex and multifaceted interaction

between a huge number of species. This rapid extinction is therefore likely to precipitatecollapses of ecosystems at a global scale. This is predicted to create large-scale agriculturalproblems, threatening food supplies to hundreds of millions of people. This ecological

prediction does not take into consideration the effects of global warming which will further

aggravate the situation. Industrialized fishing has contributed importantly to mass extinctiondue to repeatedly failed attempts at limiting the fishing.

A new global study concludes that 90 percent of all large fishes have disappeared from the

worlds oceans in the past half century, the devastating result of industrial fishing. The study,

which took 10 years to complete and was published in the international journal Nature, paints agrim picture of the Earths current populations of such species as sharks, swordfish, tuna and

marlin.

The loss of predatory fishes is likely to cause multiple complex imbalances in marine ecology.

Another cause for extensive fish extinction is the destruction of coral reefs. This is caused by a

combination of causes, including warming of oceans, damage from fishing tools and a harmful

infection of coral organisms promoted by ocean pollution. It will take hundreds of thousands ofyears to restore what is now being destroyed in a few decades. According to the most

comprehensive study done so far in this field, over a million species will be lost in the coming50 years. The most important cause was found to be climate change.

NOTE: The above presentation encompasses only the most important and burning global

environmental problems. There are several additional ones, especially in the field of chemicalpollution that contribute to harm the environment or upset the ecological balance.
http://www.psrast.org/http://www.psrast.org/http://www.psrast.org/http://www.psrast.org/


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Declining Amphibian Populations

Amphibians are particularly sensitive to changes in the environment. Amphibians have been

described as a marker species or the equivalent ofcanaries of the coal mines meaning

they provide an important signal to the health of biodiversity; when they are stressedand struggling, biodiversity may be under pressure. When they are doing well,

biodiversity is probably healthy.

Unfortunately, as has been feared for many years now, amphibian species are declining

at an alarming rate. The Golden Toad of Monteverde, Costa Rica, was among

the first casualties of amphibian declines. Formerly abundant, it was last seen in

1989. (Source:Wikipedia)

Malcom MacCallum of the Biological Sciences Program, Texas A&M University

calculated thatthe current extinction rate of amphibians could be 211 times the background

amphibian extinction rate. He added that Ifcurrent estimates of amphibian species in

imminent danger of extinction are included in these calculations, then the current

amphibian extinction rate may range from 25,03945,474 times the background

extinction rate for amphibians. It is difficult to explain this unprecedented and accelerating

rate of extinction as a natural phenomenon.

Vocabulary check

Find the colored words and look them up in the dictionary. There

are ten (10) of them.

__________

1. ______________________________________________________

__________

2. ______________________________________________________

__________

3. ______________________________________________________

__________
http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/science/10-08Turnover.asphttp://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/science/10-08Turnover.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populationshttp://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdfhttp://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdfhttp://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdfhttp://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdfhttp://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdfhttp://www.herpconbio.org/~herpconb/McCallum/amphibian%20extinctions.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populationshttp://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/science/10-08Turnover.asp


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4. ______________________________________________________

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5. ______________________________________________________

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6. ______________________________________________________

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7. ______________________________________________________

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8. ______________________________________________________

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9. ______________________________________________________

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10. ______________________________________________________

__________11. ______________________________________________________

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12. ______________________________________________________

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13. ______________________________________________________

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14. ______________________________________________________

__________

15. ______________________________________________________


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Step 4

Step 4 is to put all the answers into paragraphs. Each of the five (5)

in section one (1) is a paragraph. You will have a 5 paragraph essay

now.

1. Extinction

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

2.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

3.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________


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_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

5.______________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Step 5 is to add an introduction and a conclusion. Do this for your

essay homework.


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Graphic Organization ~

Main topic = 5 Paragraph Topics

Main

topic

paragraph 1

________________________________________________

paragraph 2________________________________________________

paragraph 3

________________________________________________

paragraph 4________________________________________________

paragraph 5

________________________________________________


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Discussion Graphic ~ How are habitats linked to extinction?

Answer ~ I think habitats (are / are not) an easy problem to fix because

Problem /Biodiversty and

Extinction

We can rebuild specieseasily through artifical

habitats.

Respond

Respond

Species which becomeextinct are just notstrong enough to

continue. It is natural.

Respond

Respond

Human needs are moreimportant than exotic

species.

Respond

Respond


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graphic ~ choose one statement from the list above.

Write it here _____________________________________________

________________________________________________________

To make your argument you should understand that they are connected.

In the next two charts (1) list your argument facts and ideas, (2) show how your argument

connects to both the center point and the other points.

Facts

For Against

1

2

3

4

5

6


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graphic ~ choose one statement from the list above.

Now start the .

As a team choose which points they will speak about.

Each person will listen for the opposite point and create a new

response to what the other person has said.

A: point 1

B: responds to the point and give a new point.

C: responds to B and give a new point.

After all persons have spoken each person can respond to any point given by the

opposite team, or add more points from their team which will need responding to from

the opposite team.

If this -- then

If this -- then

If this -- then

If this -- then

If this -- then

Write your statement position here.

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

Research and Review 5x5 Biodiversity and Extinction

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