Research and Development on Bio-methanol

Dr. Rujira Jitrwung (Senior Research Officer) Expert Centre of Innovative Clean Energy and Environment

Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)

29 May 2019

1 ASEAN Network of Excellence Centre of Biomass Conversion Technology

2

Biomass Conversion to Bio-methanol

Agro Waste

Biogas CH4/CO2

Electricity

CO2 Utilization

Ethanol Fermentation

Rice Palm Cassava Corn

CBG

LPG

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

(CH3OH)

3

Biomass - Biogas - Bio-methanol

4

Methanol Demand

• 100% methanol imported to Thailand

• Asia is the largest methanol consumption.

Methanol Demand in Thailand

Source : MMSA, 2018 Source: Department of Industrial Works

Global Methanol Demand

92.4 Million Metric Ton/Year (2018) 0.78 Million Metric Ton/Year (2018)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2036

0.48 0.57 0.63 0.57 0.74 0.66 0.69 0.78 0.88 0.78

1.7

Mill

ion

Met

ric T

on

Year

0.87 MT/Year for BD

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Mil

lio

n

Me

tric

To

n

YEAR

CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate

5

Methanol Relating to AEDP Plan : Biogas & Biodiesel

ASEAN Bioenergy Hub

*(10% residue) *(10% residue)

7

Methanol Synthesis Reactions

CO + 2H2↔ CH3OH H = -90.55 kJ/mol (3)

CO2 + 3H2↔ CH3OH + H2O H = -49.43 kJ/mol (4)

CO2 + H2↔ CO + H2O H = +41.12 kJ/mol (5)

Methanol from syngas synthesis involved hydrogenation of CO (3) and CO2 (4) and reversed water–gas shift reactions (5):

Ref.: Maria, R. D. et al. 2013. Industrial Methanol from Syngas: Kinetic Study and Process Simulation. Chemical

Reactor Engineering 11(1): 469–477.

CH4 + CO2 ↔ 2CO + 2H2 H = +274.7 kJ/mol DR (1)

CH4 + H2O ↔ CO + 3H2 H = +206.0 kJ/mol STM (2)

Biogas Reforming reaction

8

Bio-methanol Technology

9

Bio-methanol and Process Equipment

Lab scale 0.03 L/Day Semi Pilot scale 1 L/Day

Bio-methanol Production from Biogas

10

Process Flow Diagram : Methanol Production from Biogas

CO2 Sources

Biogas

Water

Methanol

Off-gas

Syngas

Water

Reforming Reactor

MeOH SynthesisReactor

Water Recycle

Purge

H2STreatment

CBGProcess

CO2CASE 2

CBGCBG

CO2 CASE 1

Biogas free H2S

CO2 Form CBG

Recycle

Feasibility Assumption

11

ASSUMPTION AMOUNT UNIT

Simulation Results Production day/year 300 days

Sale day/ year 330 days

Methanol 15,000 kg/day

Methanol Price 14 THB/kg

CBG 11,792 kg/day

CBG Price 12 THB/kg

Biogas Price 3 THB/m3

CO2 Price 1 THB/m3

H2O Price 30 THB/m3

Electricity Cost 3.5 THB/kwh

CAPEX (assumption) 142.9 M THB

Cost Index 0.39

ASSUMPTION AMOUNT UNIT

Economic Assumption

Depreciation 10 Year

Demand growth rate 0.0% %

Methanol Price growth rate 2.0% %

CBG/LBM Price growth rate 2.0% %

Incremental fixed costs 1.0 M THB

SG&A growth rate 1.0% %

WACC (or interest rate) 7.0% %

Tax Rate 20% %

Cash conversion cycle (CCC) 50 Day

Employees cost growth rate 5.3% %

Annual maintenance cost 2.0% %

Feasibility Assumption

12

Calculation Unit CASE I CASE II Biogas m3/day 14,379 42,871

CO2 m3/day 11,982 0

CBG m3/day 0 11,792

CAPEX MTHB 105.3 142.9

Variable Cost THB/kg 9.72 16.08

Feasibility CASE I,II

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Feasibility Case Study NPV IRR ROI PB

1. Biogas CO2 to Methanol 1.1 M 7.2% 0.2% 7.34 y 2. Biogas with CBG/LBM to Methanol 57.0 M 14.1% 5.6% 5.63 y

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CO2 Consumption

% Recycle MeOH Process

MeOH & CBG Process

No Recycle 35% 35%

25% Recycle 46% 46%

50% Recycle 59% 59%

75% Recycle 76% 76%

100% Recycle 100% 100%

Biomass Conversion to Bio-methanol

Waste

Materials

Agricultural

Sector

Biogas Maker MeOH

Producer

Electricity

Producer

Million

THB/year

Million

THB/Year

Million

THB/Year

Million

THB/Year

Prices

500 Baht/Ton

3.0 Baht/M3

12,000

Baht/Ton

3.50

Baht/KW

Corn

(10.15%)

0.50 MMT/yr*

251 MB/yr

503 MM3/yr

1,511 MB/yr

0.26 MT/yr

3,192 MB/yr

521 MB/yr

Cassava

(61.42%)

3.04 MMT/yr*

1,522 MB/yr

3195 MM3/yr

9,586 MB 1.68 MT/yr

20,246 MB/yr

3,306 MB/yr

Palm

(28.43%)

1.41 MMT/yr*

705 MB/yr

1,512 MM3/yr

4,536 MB/yr 0.80 MT/yr

9,640 MB/yr

1,574 MB/yr

*(10% residue)

Total

4.95 MMT/yr

2,478 MB/yr

5,210 MM3

15,662 MB/yr

2.74 MT/yr

33,078 MB/yr

5,401

MB/yr

16

Activities

The 8th Annual Low Carbon Earth Summit (LCES-2018) Quintao, china

2017 CAS-TWAS Symposium on Green Chemistry and Technology for Sustainable Development (GCT2017), beijing , china

(2019) CO2 Utilization for Renewable Energy : Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) , Malaysia

Contract Research with Private sectors TISTR AWARD and Advertise International Conference

RE Power Service Co., Ltd. and Cyotech development co. ltd

BLCP power co., Ltd

KSL Green Innovation Public Company Limited,

17

Summary : Low carbon society

Achieve to SDGs 7, 13

CO2 apply with biogas for producing Biomethanol and Value products.

Biomethanol process is a tool to achieve Paris Agreement and Nationally determined contributions (NDCs).

Source : https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13

18

Summary : Bioeconomy

Agro-waste

The abundance of Agricultural material is source of bio-based energy and supporting the foundation for the development of the bio-base product.

In Thailand, this direction of using bio-based energy and products is environmental friendly to link policy of SDGs and Paris Agreement.

Thailand is expected to play a leading role in the global bioeconomy for the future.