Research Activities of LVK - ClassNK R&D...
Transcript of Research Activities of LVK - ClassNK R&D...
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Research Activities of LVK
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Engine Laboratory
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Personnel
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Head: Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. WachtmeisterAdministration / organization: 2 secretariesResearch and teaching: 2 senior engineer
29 scientific engineers 2 plant engineers
test bed technicianelectronic engineerelectronic technicianforeman
5 workshop-employees2 apprentices
research students
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Testbeds
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tb. 1 tb. 2 tb. 3 tb. 4 E-centre tb. 5 Roll tb. 6
tb. 8
1a
1b
2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a
5b
250 kW9500 rpm
420 kW4000 rpm
70 kW8000 rpm
220 kW10000 rpm
380 kW9000 rpm
150 kW10000 rpm
80 kW7500 rpm
80 kW7500 rpm
44 kW6500 rpm
44 kW6500 rpm
700 kW5500 rpm
250 kW9500 rpm +380kW6000rpm asTandem
tb. 7
80 kW7500 rpm
dynamic asynchronous machineDC-machinemonitoring-roomeddy current brakewater brake
gas supplied
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Agenda
• Overview of Project Acitivities
• Influence of H2 admission in lean burn gas engines
• Unburned Hydrocarbons of Gas Engines
• Oil Flow and Distribution at Piston/Piston Rings
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Agenda
• Overview of Project Acitivities
• Influence of H2 admission in lean burn gas engines
• Unburned Hydrocarbons of Gas Engines
• Oil Flow and Distribution at Piston/Piston Rings
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Field of Activities 1/4
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Combustion prozess development
Diesel Otto Gas
Experimental Simulation Tools development
Injection
Spray Chamber
Thermodynamic engines
Engines with optical access
0D / 1D Simulation
CFD-Simulation
Combined CFD-FEM Calculation
Phenomenologicalcombustion models
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Field of Activities 2/4
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Tribology of Piston / Piston Rings / Liner
Friction Measurements
Floating Liner
Oil Flow/Distribution at Piston and Liner
Experiment
• Movements of Rings andPiston
• Axial• Radial• Circumferential
• Pressure distribution withinring package
• Oil film thickness• Oil condition
Simulation
CFD-calculation• Blow By resp.
Reverse Blow By• Oil flow from
combustionchamber tocrankcase
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Field of Activities 3/4
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Gas Engines
• Mini Combined and Power Unit• Lean burn Passenger Car Engine• Combustion Process Development
• Spark ignition• Prechamber• Pilot fuel
• Unburned Hydrocarbons• BMEP 30bar• Formaldehyde Emission• Dual Fual Combustion
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Field of Activities 4/4
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Alternative Fuels
• Hydrogen• Biogas• Vegetable oil• Oxygenated Fuels
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Partners
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• FVV: Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FVV-
Eigenmittel, Aif), German association of combustion engines manufacturer
and supplier
• BFS: Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (Bavarian research association)
• DFG: Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (German research foundation)
• Different research foundations (z.B. Projektträger Jülich, Fachagentur
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe)
• Industrial research i.e.
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Agenda
• Overview of Project Acitivities
• Influence of H2 admission in lean burn gas engines
• Unburned Hydrocarbons of Gas Engines
• Oil Flow and Distribution at Piston/Piston Rings
12
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Singe Cylinder Gas Engine Industrial Size
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Characteristics of LVK – single cylinder gas engineBore 170 mm Mass Balancing 1. & 2. Order (Lancaster)
Stroke 210 mm Ignition SystemWoodward IC922 (360mJ / 30++kV) / Pilot-Injection /
LVK-Multisparc
Displacement 4,77 l Charge Air Supply Screw Compressor(6 bar abs. / 8 bar abs.)
Epsilon (adjustable) 12,7 Emission
Measurement SystemAnysco FT-IR / O2-
Analystor / FID
Peak Pressure 300 bar TurbochargerEmulation
Exhaust Throttle andFeedback Control of
Tubocharger Efficiency
Valve Train 4 Valves / 2 Camshafts Engine Speed Max. 2000 1/min /
Standard 1500 1/min
Variable ValveTiming Miller / Atkinson Variable Mixture of
Fuel Gas
Propan, CO2, H2, N2 in Natural Gas (Analysis with
Gas Chromatograph)
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Test Boundary Condition
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• Natural gas composition (Munich city gas)
• H2 volume : 0, 10, 20, 30 vol.%
Operating conditions
• Air mass flow constant• IMEP : 18 - 20 bar• Turbocharger efficiency : 75%
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Combustion Stability
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
THC-Emission
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
NOx-Emission
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Indicated Efficiency
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Agenda
• Overview of Project Acitivities
• Influence of H2 admission in lean burn gas engines
• Unburned Hydrocarbons of Gas Engines
• Oil Flow and Distribution at Piston/Piston Rings
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Influence of Equivalence Ratio and Combustion Phasing
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Efficiency-THC trade-off at MFB50%-variation Insufficient compensation ofburning efficiency losses (laterMFB50%) by higher fuelconversion rate
Efficiency-Optimumfor NOx TA Luft
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Ignition System
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Spark-Plug Prechamber (unscavenged)
Extended operating range (lean and knock limit) with prechamber
Lower NOx levels reachable
Earlier COC at constant NOx attainable
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Ignition System
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Spark-Plug Prechamber (unscavanged)
Same level of efficiency at lower THC (lines)
Vice versa: same level of THC at higher efficiency
Higher THC-Level at max. efficiency due to leaner mixture
Operation with prechamber:
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Mixture Formation
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Venturi mixer withcrankangle-synchronic
gasinjection
Perforated downpipe
Modified reciever-pipe for PFI-Mode
PFI-Duct-Geometry
Gas supply
Gas-Air-Mixture
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Mixture Formation
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Mixture formation via homogenizer Port-Fuel-Injection
Additional Info.: Operating range comparable; COC slightly later due to knocklimit with PFI-Mode
Increased THC (and CO) due to local too lean and rich mixture with PFI-Mode
Homogeneos mixture should be intended
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Optical Set-up
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95 mm
Piston Bowl (cylindrical)
Elongatedcomposite piston
Quartz glassinsert
Line of sight w.high speed cam.
Dry runningpiston rings and bearing
strip
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Optical Investigations of the First Flame Propagation
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Average Flame
Probability Distribution* [% of cycles]
*Dark red means that the flame is present in 100 % of the cycles at the shown crank angle
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Agenda
• Overview of Project Acitivities
• Influence of H2 admission in lean burn gas engines
• Unburned Hydrocarbons of Gas Engines
• Oil Flow and Distribution at Piston/Piston Rings
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Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Project Overview
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2013 2014 2015
► Design of measurement techniques for tribological studies in the piston ring area
Design of a single cylinder petrol engine and measurement technologies
Lubricating Oil film thickness, Oil transport and distribution, Piston secondary and piston
ring movement, Piston ring joint position, Ring land pressure, Component temperatures, Blow-By
Test and validation of measurement technologies
Sta
rt K
olbe
nrin
g-Ö
ltran
spor
t 2…
Fired Engine
Operation
Sta
rt K
olbe
nrin
g-Ö
ltran
spor
t 1…
for
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Research Engine
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Timing driveCylinder head
Crankcase
Mass balancing
Cylinder and liner
Engine frame with oil conditioning &coolant conditioning
Engine data ValueBore x stroke 82,5 mm x 92,8 mm
Standard components Piston, conrod
Timing drive2 inlet valves,
2 exhaust valvesMaximum peak
pressure 110 bar
Compression ratio 9,5 : 1
Maximum engine speed6500 rpm
(with measurement link 4000 rpm)
Flywheel mass 1,5 kgm²Mass balancing 1. and 2. engine order
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Data Transfer via Grashopper Link
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Crankcase
Measurement link case
∆α (Joint1)
∆β (Joint 2)
∆γ (Joint 3)
TDC -BDC
26,7° 5,6° 32,2°
Optical fiber connectorWire connector
BDC
TDCα
α β
β
γ
3
2
1
2
1
stro
keCylinderLiner
Thermocouples, Capillary tubes
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Optical Acess with Fiber Wires
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Tube
PTFE ball
PTFE-Bearingshell
Length com-pensation
180° [CA] (BDC)90° [CA]0° [CA]
(TDC)
1 (b)
180°
support PistonTube
Bearing boxTubeSupport
1 (b) 1 (b)
1 (a)
Wires Optical fibers
2 2
2
Coupling arm
Optical fibers
Needle bearing
Wires
1 (a) 1 (a)
1
1
3
Tube Pin
Shaft nut
Pedestal Bearing
Link
Piston
Slide Bearing
Piston pin
Piston
Conrod
bush
Pin
screw
Conrod
Optical Fiber bridge
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
x<
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0 180 360 540 7200
0.5
0 180 360 540 720
-0.1
0
0.1
1
x
yz
к
0,6 mm
TS skirt
TS top
Distance (+) Distance (-)ATS skirt
2000 [rpm]
0 180 360 540 720-2000
02000
0 180 360 540 7200510
0 180 360 540 720-0.2
00.2
3
[Nm
]
2
=I 0,05 mm I
motored5 bar IMEPAT
S s
kirt
TS to
pTS
ski
rtCA[°]
Dis
tanc
e [m
m]
Cold clearance: 0,09 mm (top) - 0,06 (bottom)
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Circumferential Piston Ring Motion
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TS ATS
AA
Cylinder
PistonLiner
Piston ring joint 1
Piston ring joint 2
TS ATS (0°)
40°50°
Measured with Co60
sample with 69 kBqin piston ring 2
A-A
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Circumferential Piston Ring Motion
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500 1000 1500 2000Engi
ne S
peed
[rpm
]
0100020003000
500 1000 1500 2000
IME
P
[bar
]
05
10
500 1000 1500 2000
Cou
nts
[1/s
]
0200400600
Time [s]500 1000 1500 2000A
ngle
of S
ampl
eto
ATS
[°]
-90090180
start
TS ATS (0°)
start
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Oil Film Thickness with LiF
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a.
a. Laser (1,5 W)b. 50/50 Beam splitter (15)c. Mirror (32)d. Dichroic Mirror (16)e. Fiber Coupling (16)f. Filter & Convex Lens
(16)g. Photodiode (16)
b.
c.c.
d.g.
e.
f.
To engine…From engine…
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
Measured Oil Film Thickness
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CA [°]
Piston skirt
chamfer
>45 µm
2.4 - 3.4 µm1.6 - 2.6 µmCylinder
Liner
LIF-probe
½ stroke skirt
Optical Fibers
Coolant
Stro
ke[m
m]
Ferrule with optical fiber CA [°]
2000 [rpm]TDC PR1TDC PR2
TDC skirt
vmax skirt
BDC PR1
TDC OSR
BDC PR2BDC OSR
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
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We have already achieved a high level insight into theindividual mechanisms of a combustion engine
We have pushed the combustion engine to a high mature level
But we still have a lot to do!
Technische Universität München
LVKLehrstuhl fürVerbrennungskraftmaschinen
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Many thanks for your kind attention
Particular thanks to
for the very fruitful cooperation