RESEARCH

1.diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts,

theories, applications, etc.

Choose a Utah History Topic

IDEAS:

Person

Event

Organization

Place

Idea

Between 1847-1896

Sources•Must be published material.• Three Separate Sources

– Utah History text book can be one

– ONE can be an encyclopedia

• Most research will be done in the classroom and in the MLMS library, but the student may also be responsible for some work at home or other area libraries.

Process• Select topic• Develop research questions and keywords• Research

– Find sources– Read sources– Complete notecards– Complete bibliography entries

• Create PowerPoint• Create Bibliography• Present

Presenting Your Findings

• Power Point presentation – 10 slides – 20 maximum, including the title

page– Each slide must have text and a picture or

graphic•At least 50% of the pictures must be historical.

• A typed bibliography – MLA format is required – Turned in with research folder

•All research materials will be included in the folder.

Grading

• Students will be graded on sources, content, mechanics attractiveness, presentation and adherence to requirements. A rubric will be used to score the project.

• Grades will be given throughout the whole process for all parts.

Understanding the Assignment

• What will my purpose be?

• How should I sound as a writer?

• Who will my audience be?

• Where will I get my authority?

umassd.edu

Finding a Topic

• You will be spending a lot of time with this topic, so it should provoke some kind of response from you

• Research a topic that interests you or a problem that intrigues you

• Find a topic that you already know something about or that you would like to know more about

contracosta.edu

“Thinking early leads to starting early.”-Jack Baker & Allen Brizee

Baker & Brizee, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/658/03/

It Can Be Tough…

…but it doesn’t have to be!

1) Brainstorm

2) Share ideas

3) Choose one that interests you, or one you have questions about!

Arches National Park

Possible TopicsChief Walkara

James Buchanan

John Gunnison

William Drummond

The Walker War

Bear River Massacre

Black Hawk War

Jacob Hamblin

First schools in Utah

The Salt Lake Tribune

Deseret News

African Americans in early Utah

The Pony Express

The telegraph

Transcontinental Railroad

Butch Cassidy

Brigham Young

Utah War

Mountain Meadows Massacre

Camp Floyd

Albert Johnston

John D. Lee

Midwives

Corrine

Alfred Cumming

Eliza R. Snow

Handcarts

Gold Rush

Civil War

Settlement of Cache Valley

Orrin Porter Rockwell

Episcopalian Church

Deseret Alphabet

ZCMI

Beehive House

Lion House

Salt Lake Theater

Mining towns in the 1800s

Patrick Edward Connor

Catholics in early Utah

Mormon Coefficient Stores

Asking Research Questions

• Once you’ve identified a specific topic, focus on the topic by asking questions that you would like answered

Good questions…

…are not too broad or too narrow

…deal with things your audience will need to know

…deal with the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the topic

…should also elicit important and interesting facts and trivia about the topic

The Reporter’s Formula (Five W’s & One H)

• Who?• What?• When?• Where?• Why?• How?

Copying permitted

Article: “Article: “Big Dig Tunnel Trouble Continues”Big Dig Tunnel Trouble Continues”

What trouble has been happening?What trouble has been happening?

Who was involved?Who was involved?

When did the trouble start?When did the trouble start?

Where is the tunnel? Where is the Where is the tunnel? Where is the trouble?trouble?

Why is it newsworthy?Why is it newsworthy?

How will the problem be solved? How How will the problem be solved? How does the trouble affect people?does the trouble affect people?

Copying permitted

Big Dig Tunnel Trouble Continues

Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts ordered the closure of the eastbound lanes of the Ted Williams tunnel on Thursday after inspections revealed that ceiling bolts designed to hold the 12-ton cement ceiling tiles had slipped.

Who?

Governor Mitt Romney

Copying permitted

What?

ordered the closure of the eastbound lanes

Copying permitted

When?

Thursday

Copying permitted

Where?

The eastbound lanes of the Ted Williams tunnel

Copying permitted

Why?

inspections revealed that ceiling bolts designed to hold the 12-ton cement ceiling

tiles had slipped.

Copying permitted

Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts

ordered the closure of the eastbound

lanes of the Ted Williams tunnel on

Thursday after inspections revealed that

ceiling bolts designed to hold the 12-ton

cement ceiling tiles had slipped.

Copying permitted

Who?

What?

Where?

When?

Why?

Questions for Polygamy

• What is Polygamy?• Why did Mormons practice

Polygamy?• Who started Polygamy?• When was Polygamy started/ended?• Where was Polygamy practiced?• Why was Polygamy started/ended?• How did Polygamy deter Utah’s road

to statehood?

The Answers Lead to More Questions

• What is the history of Polygamy in the world?

• How wide-spread was Polygamy in the United States?

• What did non-Mormons in Utah think about Polygamy?

• Is Polygamy still practiced among Mormons?

Let’s Try!• Work with a partner to develop

research questions about the recent shooting in Arizona.– Who…?– What…?– When…?– Where…?– Why…?– How…?

You Try! Develop research questions about

the Bear River Massacre. Who…? What…? When…? Where…? Why…? How…?

Key Words•Think of key words that you

could search for to find information about the topic – consider words that are related to the topic

•For Polygamy, you might select words like plural marriage, bigamy, marriage practices, multiple spouses, monogamy, polyandry, polygyny, group marriage, etc.

Brainstorming Keywords

• Topic: The History of Film in America

• Topic: Yorkie Teeth

Search Strategy• Will you be relying on Primary

sources or Secondary sources?• PRIMARY sources provide

firsthand evidence. They include interviews, observations, questionnaires, photographs and maps

• SECONDARY sources are published sources like websites, encyclopedias, magazines, books and newspapers

Read and Evaluate Sources• You should search for the

answers to your questions in several different sources

• Look for your topic or key words in the indexes of the sources and carefully read the information, looking for the answers to your questions

• If your source does not answer any of your questions, maybe you should look somewhere else

Checking an Internet Source for

Reliability

• Objectivity: If your page provides accurate information with limited advertising and it is objective in presenting the information, and . . .

• Currency: If your page is current and updated regularly (as stated on the page) and the links (if any) are also up-to-date, and . . .

• Coverage: If you can view the information properly--not limited to fees, browser technology, or software requirement, then . . .

• You may have a Web page that could be of value to your research!

• From Cornell University Libraries

•Accuracy: If your page lists the author and institution that published the page and provides a way of contacting him/her and . . . •Authority: If your page lists the author credentials and its domain is preferred (.edu, .gov, .org, or .net), and. . .

Checking Print Sources for Reliability

• A. Author – What are the author's credentials--institutional

affiliation (where he or she works), educational background, past writings, or experience?

– Is the book or article written on a topic in the author's area of expertise?

– Has your instructor mentioned this author? Is the author associated with a reputable institution or organization? What are the basic values or goals of the organization or institution?

• B. Date of Publication – When was the source published? – Is the source current or out-of-date for your

topic?

Checking Print Sources for Reliability Continued

• C. Edition or Revision – Is this the latest edition of the source? Does it

have the most updated information?• D. Publisher

– Note the publisher. If the source is published by a university press, it is likely to be scholarly.

• E. Title of Journal – Is this a scholarly or a popular journal?

– From Cornell University Libraries

Plagiarism• Plagiarism is taking the

words or expressions of another author and claiming that they are your own.

• It is cheating!

• It is illegal!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P05vgxDoPU&feature=related

Muschla, Gary R. The Writing Teacher’s Book of Lists second ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004. Print.

How to avoid plagiarism:• Use quotation marks

to show direct quotes.• Cite the author if you

use their idea.• Directly quote or

paraphrase (and cite) opinions of others.

• Cite facts, charts, tables, diagrams, etc.

Muschla, Gary R. The Writing Teacher’s Book of Lists second ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004. Print.

Bibliography

• A bibliography is also called a Works Cited.

• It is a list of sources that you used in your research project.

• List the sources alphabetically, double space the document, and use a hanging indent.

• Let’s look at an example!

FormatBook:

Author(s). Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Copyright Year. Source Format.

Encyclopedia Article:

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Encyclopedia. Edition. Year Published.

Magazine/Newspaper Article:

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical date published: Edition: page numbers & section. Source Format.

FormatWebsite:

Author(s) or Corporation. “Title.” Overall Website. Version or Edition used. Publisher or sponser. Date of publication. Source Format. Date of Access. (url of site)

Interview:

Interviewee’s name. Kind of Interview. Date.

Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph:

Artist’s name. Title. Date of composition. Medium of composition. Name of institution where it is kept, City.

FormatPainting, Sculpture, or Photograph

VIEWED ONLINE:

Artist’s name. Title. Date of composition. Name of institution where it is kept, City. Title of database or website. Source Format. Date of access.

• Names are always Last, First. (Unless there is more than one author, in which case the 2nd (and more) author(s) is listed First Last.)

• Dates are always Day Mon. Year.

Let’s Play!

• Teams of 3-4

• Whiteboard, marker, & eraser for each team

• I will give you information on a source, & the first team to write a correct bibliography entry wins!

• Type: Book

• Title: Touching Spirit Bear

• Author: Ben Mikaelson

• Year: 2001

• Publisher: HarperCollins

• City: New York

• Source Format: print

Mikaelson, Ben. Touching Spirit Bear. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. Print.

• Type: Website

• Title: New Perspectives on the West: Brigham Young

• Author: none listed

• Name of Corporation: PBS

• Website Name: PBS Online

• Address: http://www.pbs.org/thewest

• Date posted: March 12, 2001

• Access date: February 4, 2010

PBS. “New Perspectives on the West: Brigham Young.” PBS Online. N.p.

12 Mar. 2001. Web. 4 Feb. 2010 (http://www.pbs.org/thewest).

• Type: Encyclopedia Article

• Year: 2005

• Encyclopedia Title: Encyclopedia Britannica

• Article Title: Bear River Massacre

• Author: Ben Johnson

• Edition: 5th

Johnson, Ben. “Bear River Massacre.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 5th edition. 2005.

• Type: Newspaper Article

• Newspaper: Old Times Newspaper

• Title: New News on the State of Deseret

• Page numbers: 12-14

• Author: Billy Bob Smith

• Date: October 5, 1853

Smith, Billy Bob. “New News on the State of Deseret.” Old Times Newspaper 5 Oct. 1853: 12-14. Print.

• Type: Website

• Author: Franklin B. Wildman

• Corporation: USHistory.org

• Address: http://www.ushistory.org

• Access Date: February 4, 2010

• Title: George Washington: The Soldier Through the French and Indian War

• Year Posted: 1998

Wildman, Franklin B. “George Washington: The Soldier

Through the French and Indian War.” USHistory.org.

N.p. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2010 (http://www.ushistory.org).

• Type: Book

• City: New York

• Year: 1999

• Author: Sandra Giddens

• Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group

• Title: Escape: Teens Who Escaped the Holocaust to Freedom

Giddens, Sandra. Escape: Teens Who Escaped the Holocaust to Freedom. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group,

1999. Print.

• Type: Personal Interview

• Interviewee’s name: Bruce Wayne

• Date: September 16, 2003

Wayne, Bruce. Personal Interview. 16 Sept. 2003.

Note Cards

• When you find the answer to one of your questions, you should take notes from that source

• Write the question that is answered on the left of the note card

• Read through the answer in the source and write it in your own words on the note card

• Write a complete bibliographic entry on the note card to give the author credit and to eliminate plagiarism– Read, Review, and Synthesize

Research: Paraphrasing & Summarizing

• The following information is taken directly from:– Hult, Christine A., and Thomas N.

Huckin. The New Century Handbook. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson; Longman, 2005.

Paraphrasing• You still need to give the author

credit!

• Presenting an author’s ideas clearly using your own words and phrases.– Place the information in a new order

– Break ideas into small units

– Use more common vocabulary than technical jargon

Example of Poor Paraphrase• ORIGINAL

• “If you’re coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a medical topic, you’ll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Despite the name, these are not collections of news items. They are, in effect, virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. The messages generally consist of plain text.”

• PARAPHRASE• If you’re faced with an

illness or want to exchange views about a medical topic, you’ll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Despite the name, these are not collections of news items. They are, in effect, virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. The messages generally consist of ordinary text (Schwartz 28).

Example of Good Paraphrase• ORIGINAL

• “If you’re coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a medical topic, you’ll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Despite the name, these are not collections of news items. They are, in effect, virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. The messages generally consist of plain text.”

• Paraphrase• In a recent Consumer

Reports article, the author suggests finding a relevant newsgroup if you have a particular medical problem or if you want to talk with others about a medical subject. Newsgroups are online bulletin boards that are available to anyone; in spite of their name, they are not news reports. Anyone who wants can join (Schwartz 28).

Paraphrase Assignment

• Clean sheet of paper• Label as “Research

Packet: Paraphrase Assignment”

• Keep in your class folder.

• Write a bibliography entry.

• Paraphrase the story.

• Time Magazine• January 24, 2011• Vol. 177, No. 3• Page 16• “Secondhand Smoke”

Correct Bibliography Entry

“Secondhand Smoke.” Time 24 Jan. 2011:

Vol. 177, No. 3: 16. Print.

Summarizing

• Brief restatement of author’s ideas

• Records the “so what” of the text

• Uses your own words

• Leaves out long examples & explanations

• Explains main ideas & key points

OriginalTwo students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a system for sharing music within their campus community that they say can avoid the copyright battles that have pitted the music industry against many customers. The M.I.T. system, using the analog campus cable system, simply bypasses the Internet and digital distribution, and takes advantage of the relatively less-restrictive licensing that the industry makes available to radio stations and others for the analog transmission. The university, like many educational institutions, already has blanket licenses for the seemingly old-fashioned analog transmission of music from the organizations that represent the performance rights…Although the M.I.T. music could still be recorded by students and shared on the Internet, Professor Abelson said that the situation would be no different than recording songs from conventional FM broadcasts. The system provides music quality that listeners say is not quite as good as a CD on a home stereo but is better than FM radio.

Summaries

• Poor Summary• Two M.I.T. students have

developed a system for sharing music within their campus community to avoid copyright battles. Their system provides music quality that listeners say is not quite as good as a CD but better than FM radio.

• Good Summary• To allow students on the

M.I.T. campus to share music with each other without violating copyright laws, two students have developed a system of sharing music by using the campus cable TV network. This ingenious system bypasses the Internet altogether and provides music via cable TV that is better in quality than what can be heard on the radio.

Notecards• Let’s practice:• Website

Organization: Utah History Encyclopedia Title: “Zions Cooperative Mercantile

Institution.” Author: Martha Sontag Bradley Access Date: 15 Sept. 2007 Web address:<http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/

ZCMI.html>

Bibliographic EntryBradley, Martha Sontag. “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.” Utah

History Encyclopedia. Web. 15 Sept. 2007 (http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html).

Important Questions NotesKey Points or Categories______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name_______________________ Topic_____________________________

Bibliographic EntryBradley, Martha Sontag. “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.” Utah History

Encyclopedia. 15 Sept. 2007 <http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html>.

Important Questions NotesKey Points or Categories

_____Did ZCMI stay in Salt Lake__________________________________________________ or branch out to other________________________________________________________ areas?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name__Miss Jones_______________ Topic_____ZCMI________________________

• ZIONS COOPERATIVE MERCANTILE INSTITUTION

• Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution, known as ZCMI, the "People's Store," is what one historian called America's First Department Store, and was founded in March 1868. By that date the Latter-day Saints had lived in the Great Basin for little more than two decades but had already foreseen a new threat to their peace and prosperity with the coming of the railroad. To combat the inevitable change that territorial growth would bring, Brigham Young gathered a group of community and business leaders to form an organization of community-owned merchandising dedicated to the support of home manufacturing and to sell goods "as low as they can possibly be sold, and let the profits be divided among the people at large."

• This organization was christened "Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution" and although ZCMI was itself never a true cooperative, it spawned a region wide system of local cooperatives owned and operated by the people. Sales totaled over $1.25 million the first year. The store sold a wide variety of goods including clothing, wagons, machinery, sewing machines and carpets -- all available to member cooperatives at the same price as in Salt Lake City. ZCMI served as an outlet for the products produced by the Saints themselves as well as "states" goods.

• Opening in 1870 the "Big Boot," as the shoe factory was often called, soon manufactured 83,000 pairs of boots and shoes yearly. Two years after the opening of the shoe factory, ZCMI began production of its own line of work clothes in a new clothing factory, soon to be famous for its "Mountaineer" overalls.

• In 1876 many of the several departments were consolidated under a single roof. The impressive three-story brick-and-iron facade of ZCMI stretched long down Salt Lake City's Main Street. A wing added in 1880 doubled the square footage of this landmark in Salt Lake's business district.

• ZCMI met the twentieth century with the same ideals that had always identified its business. The philosophy -- that individual fortunes and private profits should be subservient to the good of the community -- would continue throughout the company's history. Growth became the new byword. In 1961 ZCMI moved to the suburbs with large modern branch stores at the Cottonwood, Valley Fair and University Malls, as well as in Ogden and Logan. ZCMI's 120-year history has seen the store change from a provincial cooperative to a publicly owned and widely respected shareholder entity. Although ZCMI is a publicly owned company with upwards of 1,400 stockholders, its ties to the Mormon Church are still strong. In 1988 the Mormon Church owned 51 percent of ZCMI's stock.

• See: Martha Sontag Bradley, ZCMI: America's First Department Store, (1991). • Martha Sontag Bradley

Bibliographic EntryBradley, Martha Sontag. “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.” Utah

History Encyclopedia. 15 Sept. 2007 <http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html>.

Important Questions NotesKey Points or Categories

Did ZCMI stay in Salt Lake City In 1961, ZCMI opened some or did it branch out into other branches in the Cottonwood, Cities? Valley Fair, and University

malls, as well as branches in Logan and Ogden, Utah.

Name_______________________ Topic_____________________________