Resarch Project Burkina Faso country report Alanood Alotaibi

Country Report: Burkina Faso

Professor: Thomas Osang

Student: Alanood Alotaibi

Date: 12 May 2015

Econ 5360 Country Report of BURKINA FASO

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Content

Part I ........................................................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2

Part II .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

Economic Performance ................................................................................................................................ 5

Demographics and Human Capital Formation ......................................................................................... 6

Capital Accumulation ............................................................................................................................... 8

Inequality ................................................................................................................................................. 9

Government Role and Performance ....................................................................................................... 10

Geographic and Natural Resource Information ...................................................................................... 12

International Linkages ............................................................................................................................ 13

PART III: .................................................................................................................................................. 14

Economic Performance Comparison ...................................................................................................... 14

Demographics Comparison .................................................................................................................... 14

Capital Accumulation Comparison ........................................................................................................ 15

Human Capital Formation Comparison .................................................................................................. 16

Inequality Comparison ........................................................................................................................... 17

International Linkages ............................................................................................................................ 17

Part IV ....................................................................................................................................................... 18

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 18

Suggestions ............................................................................................................................................ 18

References ................................................................................................................................................. 20

Appendix A ............................................................................................................................................... 23

Appendix B ............................................................................................................................................... 24

Appendix C ............................................................................................................................................... 49


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Part I

Introduction

Burkina Faso is the landlocked country in the western Sub-Saharan part of Africa. Its

territory is 274,000 km (75th in the world), the population is 17.3 million (61st in the world). The

country’s neighbors are Mali to the North (the length of the border is 1,325 km), Niger to the

East (622 km), both of which are also land-locked states. The south neighbors: Benin (386 km),

Togo (131 km), Ghana (602 km) and Côte d'Ivoire (545 km) have access to the Atlantic Ocean.

A former French colony, the country gained independence in 1960 as Upper Volta, by the

name of the river that commences in the country. Since then there were several military

interventions, mainly during the periods of crises. In 1983 the power in the country was seized

by Thomas Sankara, who leaded radical left-wing policies. He also renamed the country Burkina

Faso, which translates as the land of “honest (upraised) man”. In four years Thomas Sankara was

overthrown by his colleague, Blaise Compaore, who re-introduced a multi-party system, but at

the same time adopted the constitution to be in power for 27 years.

In October of 2014 under the pressure of mass demonstrations, the president Blaise

Compaore resigned. As The Guardian wrote: “In a continent where dictators and presidents-for-

life are all too common, with devastating consequences for the countries they rule, this was a

magnificent example that power is not immutable and people can be in control of their own

destinies” [1]. The same day demonstrations were abruptly stopped by the militants, who

dismissed the government, dissolved the parliament and imposed interim administration, headed

by the temporarily executive president Michel Kafando and the prime-minister Yacouba Isaac

Zida, until the next elections (scheduled for October 11th, 2015).


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The 17 million of the country population consists of more than 60 different ethnic groups

that speak more than 60 languages, mostly native to their regions. The most spread language is

spoken by less than half of the population. The only official language is French. [2]

According to different estimates, the dominant religion of the country is Muslim (about

60 % of population). The second largest is Roman Catholic – 19%. 15% of people have their

indigenous beliefs, and 4% are protestants. Islam and Christianity are practiced in tandem with

indigenous religions. The country is claimed to be a secular state. The government generally

respected religious freedom in practice. According to U.S. Department of State, there were no

reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious affiliation, belief, or practice. [3]

Most of the population lives in the central and eastern parts of the country, where

agricultural activity is possible. The northern part of Burkina Faso is Sahel - the region south of

the Sahara, which is at risk of becoming desert. In this part of the country dry season lasts up to

eight or nine months, when rivers dry up and people’s lives are at threat. The population is

primarily rural, with less than 30% living in urban areas. Large portion of Burkinabe are children

under 14. Many of the adults are illiterate.

According to United Nations Human Development Report 2014, Burkina Faso is one of

the worst countries in the world for living, placed at 181st place in the list of 187 countries (the

worst 187th placed Niger is the neighbor of Burkina Faso) [15].

Burkina Faso is a poor country with only 1.6 thousand US$ GDP per capita (in 2011

constant PPP-adjusted prices), however with a remarkable history of accelerating growth rates.

Agriculture comprises 32% of GDP, while above 80% of population is occupied in this sector of

the economy. Cotton, gold and livestock are the main cash generators for the country. China

(with 26% share) and Turkey (25%), countries with developed textile industry, are the major


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export partners of Burkina Faso. Consequently, Burkina Faso’s economy is vulnerable to

periodic droughts in the region, and also to the world fluctuations in the cotton prices. The other

major export commodity, gold, is also very vulnerable to changes in prices in the world

commodity markets. So, the country exports low value-added raw agricultural products and

minerals, and, on the other hand, imports manufactured products with higher value added [14].

Same time, the industry is dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations [16].

Small and medium business is not developed in Burkina Faso. According to World Bank

ranking [17], Burkina Faso is placed 167th among 189 countries in terms of doing business.

The development of financial institutions is one of the reasons, hindering the

entrepreneurship progress. World Bank estimates that only 26% of Burkinabe population has

access to financial services. The financial system remains dominated by large multinational

banks; the banking sector comprises only 12 banks [18]. The financial sector represents 30% of

the country’s GDP, and it is dominated by the banking sector. The banking sector is highly

concentrated with three largest banks accounting for 60% of total financial assets in the country.

Banks are adequately capitalized, but remain vulnerable due to overexposure to the companies

from the cotton sector [14].

Burkina Faso is a member of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States).

The country is also part of WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union), that was

created as customs and currency union to promote economic integration in the region. It shares

common currency with other WAEMU members, CFA Franc, and its monetary policy is

conducted by the Central Bank of West African States, which adopted a fixed-currency exchange

regime with the goal for price stability.


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Part II

Economic Performance

Burkina Faso is one of the low income countries. Its total GDP in 2012 was 8.6 billion in

constant 2005 U.S. Dollar per 16.5 mln of population, or 500 constant 2005 U.S. Dollar per

capita, which is almost 1.6 thousand in 2011 constant PPP-adjusted US$.

Even such low income of the country is a result of an exponential GDP growth rates

(see Graph B1) with 4.7% compound annual growth rate for the period of 1970-2013 and 6.1%

CAGR since 2000.

The outstanding feature of the country development is that not only overall GDP have

been growing, but also per capita domestic product was increasing with accelerating pace despite

simultaneously accelerating growth of the country population (see Graphs B2, B3, B6): with

1.35%, 2.28% and 4.02% average per decade GDP per capita annual growth rates in 1970s,

1990s and in 2010-2013 respectively.

The three major components of the country domestic product are: agriculture (34%),

extractive industries (13%) and commerce (11.8%) (see Graph B8).

Half of agricultural segment is crop growing despite the fact that only a small portion of

the country land is appropriate for crop growing, with draughts being the major threat to the

industry. Crops are mainly grown in the south and southwest. Burkina Faso is a leading cotton

producer in sub-Saharan Africa, but Burkinabe also grow sorghum, peanuts, pearl millet, and

maize. Livestock farming is another 30% of agricultural segment. The rest is forestry, hunting

and fishing. [4]


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The mining industry is dominated by gold. Other mineral resources are copper,

manganese, tin ore and phosphates. The increasing number of people is employed in this industry.

It is the major attractor of foreign direct investments as well as it is an increasingly important

source of the government revenues. According to EITI (Extractive Industries Transparency

Initiative), the mining companies paid USD 370 mln in taxes and other payments to the

government in 2012. [5]

Gold and cotton are the major items of the country’s trade, connecting it with the

developed world, the major destinations being Asia and Europe. They generate revenues to the

country, but also make it considerably exposed to the volatility of the international markets.

These industries are also claimed to be involved into child labor and slavery. [6]

The country has rather low unemployment rate, which according to the ILO estimate, has

been in the range of 2% and 3.5% during 1991 – 2013 (see Graph B5). This is especially

remarkable on the background of very high labor force participation rate of 85% of total

population aged 15-64 (2013 ILO estimate). At the same time, hundreds of thousands of

Burkinabe regularly find seasonal agricultural work in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.

Demographics and Human Capital Formation

Burkina Faso is situated in a relatively densely populated part of Africa (see Picture B9).

There are on average 62 persons per square kilometer in the country, however most of the

population lives in its central and eastern parts.

In 2012 total number of people in Burkina Faso reached 17 million. This is about three

times as much as in 1970. As can be seen from Graph B5, number of people in the country has


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been following an exponential trend, common to Africa. It means that the number of people has

been increasing at an increasing pace.

According to Graph B7, the country population growth rate was increasing from 1.8% in

the early 1970s to 3% in 2008 with a major surge at the beginning of 1980s. Starting 2008 the

growth rate was on a downward trend, yet well above 2.5% per annum.

Population growth rate is the result of common influence from population birth and death

rates (in the absence of migration). In 2012 women in Burkina Faso delivered a bit less than 6

children on average, down from above 7 in 1980. This gave above 40 live newborns per 1000

people, or 16% less compared to 1980. So, the crude birth rate in the country has been declining

since the beginning of 1980s (see Graph B11).

But so has been the death rate. According to Graph B10, since 1970 till 2012 crude death

rate in the country decreased from 25 to 11 of deaths per 1000 of population, which is

comparable with developed countries. This 56% decrease of the death rate comes as the result of

many factors. One of them is evolution of the healthcare system.

According to Graph B23 there was only one physician per 100 thousand of people in

1970, whereas nowadays one physician is to serve five times less people. In terms of total

numbers, it is 58 physicians in the whole country with 5.6 million of people in 1970 versus 730

physicians per 15.5 million in 2010. The index of physicians per 1,000 people in Burkina Faso is

considerably below that of developed part of the world. But even such improvement of

healthcare system was followed by increase of life expectancy at birth from less than 40 years in

1970 to above 55 in 2012 (see Graph B21) and decrease of infant mortality rate from 150 to 64

per 1000 live births (see Graph B22).


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High birth rate along with very low life expectancy until recent decades resulted in a very

young population of the country. According to Graph B12, children up to 14 years old make

about 45% of the total country population, whereas share of old people is considerably below 5%.

Such a large portion of young people in the total structure makes a burden to the society.

Age Dependency Ratio of young people in Burkina Faso is 88% and total Age Dependency

Ratio is 92%. So, people of Burkina Faso enter labor forth early in their lives: according to

national estimate in 2006, labor force participation of people aged 15-24 is 65% (see Graph B13).

Burkina Faso has made a remarkable progress in terms of schooling its population. But it

is still very underdeveloped country in this respect. Primary school enrollment in the country in

2012 was 85% (up from 12% in 1970), but the secondary and tertiary school enrollments were

only 26% and 4.6% respectively (see Graph B19). As long as for many decades very little

fraction of population attended primary school, very large part of adult population in the country

is still illiterate: only 28% of people ages 15 and above were literate (see Graph B20).

Capital Accumulation

Gross fixed capital formation in Burkina Faso remains on comparatively low level

during the last decade, fluctuating between 14% and 22% of GDP (see Graph B15). This level

would be considered normal for an industrialized and economically developed country, but not

for poor agricultural and mineral resources based economy.

The reliance of the economy merely on land and mineral resources on one hand and

high fertility rate on the other hand lead to the situation, when there is high demand for the

consumption of goods, which is not supported by the internal production of those goods. It leads


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to the current account deficit of Burkina Faso economy, which prevails for many years (see

Graph B16).

Inequality

Burkina Faso is a poor country with more than 45% of population living below the

national poverty line (see Graph B25), which is roughly about 1.25 US$ spending per day. More

than 70% of people live for less 2 US$ per day [9].

Only 47% of Burkinabe children under age five sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito

nets, whereas the region is rich with pest insects, tsetse flies (sleeping sickness carrier), termites

and locusts. [10]

Such poverty is aggravated by inequality in the society. According to the World Bank

estimate Burkina Faso’s Gini coefficient in 2009 was 40% (see Graph B24). This Burkina Faso’s

Gini coefficient is average among its neighbors, with higher equality in poore countries to the

North and higher inequality in richer countries that have access to the ocean.

The country is not blamed for severe discrimination of women, yet there is some

inequality in women participation in the social life, which may well be explained by the fact that

average woman in the country apart from social life participation is to deliver and raise on

average up to 6 children in her life.

According to Graphs B21- B26, female enrollment in the primary and secondary

education has considerably increased in the last years and reached almost 95% and 80%

respectively, however tertiary enrollment hardy reached 50% in 2012, however this is almost

five times higher rate compared to 1970. Taking into account that female school enrollment have

been equalized with men only in the last two decades, there is still 40% gap between female and


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male literacy. Yet we expect this gap to decrease with time should at least current level of female

enrollment in education sustain. It is remarkable that in 2014 parliament number of seats held by

women in the national parliament increased more than two times compared to 1998, however

general labor forth participation practically remained the same 85%.

Government Role and Performance

Government performance in Burkina Faso could be called double-edged. On one hand, a

few positive trends are obvious. Among these is inflation, which became much less volatile and

does not exceed 10% in the last decade (see Graph B32). Another important improvement in the

economic environment in Burkina Faso is the ease of registering new business. Time that an

entrepreneur can start new business decreased three times in the last decade from 40 days in

2005 to merely 13 days in 2014 (see Graph B36).

Among negatives of the government role are rather volatile magnitudes of the

government expenditures from year to year with significant amount spent for military expenses

(more than 10%), which is not very good for developing economy (see Graphs B33, B34).

Moreover, the country persistently suffers budget deficit of 2% to 6% (see Graph B35). The

perception of the government and authorities as being highly corruptive also prevails and the

situation only worsened in the most recent years: Corruption Perception Index increased from 3

in 2011 to 3.8 in 2013 (see Graph B37).

State budget of the country made 1 603 billion CFAF in 2012. In the last decade the state

budget was growing at a rate faster than that of GDP: 2003/2012 CAGR was 14% for the state

budget versus 10% for GDP. So while in 2003 the state budget amounted to 21% of the country

Gross Domestic product, it was already 28% in 2012 (see Table 46).


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Almost all sources of the state budget revenue have been increasing in volume, yet their

growth rates varied considerably. So, the composition of the state budget is not stable from year

to year.

Tax revenue is traditionally the major income source of the government budget: 46% to

61% of the total budget. Tax burden on GDP (government tax revenue to GDP) amounts on

average about 13% - 14%. Half of the tax income comes from Domestic taxes on goods and

services. Another one-third is taxes on income, profits and capital gains. And 14% are import

taxes and duties.

The second largest source of government income is donations (26% of the total 2012

government budget, or about half of the government tax revenue).

Burkina Faso is a constant receiver of the external aid. In 2012 the country received about

1.1 billion of US dollars as Official Development Assistance (see Graph 47), which is about

USD 65 per capita, or 10% of GDP. As can be seen from Table 48, the assistance comes from an

extended list of countries and financial institutions. The largest donors in 2012 were World Bank,

USA and United Nations. The largest European donors were Sweden, France and Germany.

China and Japan are also helping Burkina Faso on bilateral bases. 90% of the aid comes as

subsidiary and 10% are loans.

About 30% of the Official Development Assistance is directed for social sector. Half of it

comes for health, including 27 million US dollars for HIV / AIDS. Another 37% goes to

production and production support. And 20% is aimed to cover the country government debt (to

form the above mentioned 26% of the government budget).


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Table 49 shows evolution of government spending allocations from the state budget from

2009 to 2013. Positive aspect of the government spending allocations is that up to 50% of it

comes for investments. This has been one of the reasons why country GDP growth outpaced that

of population expansion. These government investments will continue support country

development in the future.

Geographic and Natural Resource Information

Overall the country climate has pronounced wet and dry seasons. Geographically it is

divided by three climate zones: Sahel, Sudan-Sahel, and the Sudan-Guinea. Sahel (northern part

of the country) is the transition zone between Sahara Desert in north and tropical savanna in

south. The Sahel region receives less than 600 mm of rainfall per year and has high temperatures

ranging 41.0–116.6 °F. Sudan-Guinea zone (southern part of the country) receives more than

900 mm of rain each year and has lower temperatures. Sudan-Sahel is the transitional zone

between the two.

The 274,200 sq km of country terrain is mostly flat with scattered hills in the west and

southeast. Half of the terrain is forests and woodland, 22% is occupied by permanent grasses and

only 13% is arable. [11]

The main mineral resource of the country is gold. There have been 7 gold mines in

operation since 2013. Other mining resources of the country include manganese, bauxite, copper,

nickel, lead, zinc, and limestone/marble [5]. Burkinabe still use basic gold mining techniques,

with men going down small shafts and women pounding the rocks. The precious metal is panned

from the crushed rock powder using water and a huge bowl. [12]


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Mineral rent of the country increased from almost zero in 2006 to 9% in 2011 as gold

mining developed (Mineral rents are the difference between the value of production for a stock

of minerals at world prices and their total costs of production. Minerals included in the

calculation are tin, gold, lead, zinc, copper, nickel, silver, bauxite, and phosphate.) [13]

Agriculture products of the Country are cotton (the dominant one), peanuts, shea nuts,

sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice.

Recent droughts and desertification severely influence agricultural activities in the

country, its population distribution and the economy.

International Linkages

The economy of Burkina Faso suffered severely from the conflict with Ivory Coast. Ivory

Coast used to be the biggest international trading partner for Burkina Faso. Moreover, many

people from Burkina Faso migrated seasonally to Ivory Coast to work on cocoa and other

agricultural plots. This resulted in significant personal remittances received in Burkina Faso,

which reached even up to 8% of GDP by the end of 1980s (see Graph B43). However, this

situation changed drastically after the political unrest and civil war began in Ivory Coast. This

led to the significant decrease in the seasonal migration of workers from Burkina Faso to Ivory

Coast and consequently the decrease, to 1% of GDP recently, in amounts of private international

transfers to Burkina Faso.


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PART III:

Economic Performance Comparison

Burkina Faso’s economic growth pattern approximately replicates the tendency in other

low income countries (LICs) in the most recent decades. In 2000s the average GDP per capita

growth rate was 2.34% annually compared to 2.74% in other LICs (see Table C2). In the most

recent 2010-2013 years the average growth rate per capita in Burkina Faso increased to 4.02% on

average compared to 3.98% in other LICs. Therefore the curves of GPP per capita in Burkina

Faso and other LICs are parallel over the recent years (see Graph C1). Overall, current GPD per

capita of 510 US$ in Burkina Faso slightly exceeds the average of 456 US$ in other LICs mostly

owing to better Burkina Faso’s performance during 1990s decade when the country

outperformed other LICs in terms of the economic growth.

Stable economic growth in Burkina Faso is maintained partially by relatively low level of

unemployment in the country (see Graph C3). Despite unemployment increased from 2.3% in

2006 to 3.1% in 2013, Burkina Faso’s unemployment level remains low compared to the average

level in other LICs, where it remains at around 5% for a long period of time.

Demographics Comparison

In recent years, the growth of population in Burkina Faso outperformed other LICs on

average (see Graph C4). The difference of about 0.5% remains stable for about 10 years. For

instance, population growth rate in Burkina comprised 2.84% in 2013 compared to 2.24% in

other LICs. This demographic dynamics is maintained by commonly very high fertility rate in

LICs, and in Burkina Faso particularly. On average every woman bears more than 5 children in


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Burkina Faso, while in other LICs it amounts to about 4 children per woman (see Graph C5).

Such high fertility rate is common for this African region. Niger and Mali, northern neighbors of

Burkina Faso, are two top-countries in the world by the fertility rate, according to the World

Factbook of CIA [7]. Due to such high birth rate, Burkina Faso has relatively high age

dependency ratio in the country (see Graph C6), 92% compared to 77% on average in other LICs.

It means that each working person in the country should care about one non-working person.

However, general tendency in LICs, as well as in Burkina Faso, is gradually decreasing fertility

rate and age dependency ratio.

In all LICs there is general tendency for both birth rate and death rate to decrease in

parallel pattern (see Graph 29). However, Burkina Faso has higher rates for both indicators.

Capital Accumulation Comparison

Burkina Faso’s gross domestic saving rate exceeded the average in other LICs in the most

recent years (see Graph C7). However, Burkina Faso underperformed compared to other LICs in

terms of savings amounts for a long time period before 2010. Low savings rate in previous

period likely led the country to underperform by the ratio of gross fixed capital formation during

the last decade (see Graph C8). Investments into the economy and resulting capital stock

formation could enhance the economy growth and facilitate the change in the economy structure

from pure agriculture and raw materials country to more industrialized country. However, it

seems that currently the country is not making enough capital investments.

Burkina Faso’s economy still heavily relies on agricultural production, the role of which

only increases due to the lack of the country’s industrialization. The share of agriculture in the

total GDP increased from 29% in 1990 to 35% in 2012 (see Graph C10 and Graph C11).

Although this magnitude was very volatile within the period, since the performance of the


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agriculture in Burkina Faso is very sensitive to the weather conditions. Meanwhile, in LICs the

average share of agriculture decreased from 38% in 1990 to 28% in 2012.

Human Capital Formation Comparison

The situation in Burkina Faso education is gradually improving, as larger share of the

population is enrolled into education every year. However, the country still lags behind other

LICs in terms of school enrollment magnitude (see Graphs C12-C14). If the difference in the

primary education enrollment is not that significant, then the difference in secondary and tertiary

school enrollment is substantial. In LICs almost half of the population on average is already

enrolled into secondary education, while in Burkina Faso only every fourth person gets

secondary education. The percentage of those enrolled in the tertiary education is also twice

bigger in LICs on average compared to Burkina Faso, 9.2% enrolled in LICs compared to merely

4.6% in Burkina Faso in 2012. The difference in the magnitude of the school enrollment results

in the big difference in the overall literacy rate in LICs on average and Burkina Faso. According

to the last data available, literacy rate in Burkina Faso was 28.7% in 2007 compared to 60.4% in

LICs on average in 2010 (see Table C15).

Health development in Burkina Faso similarly lags behind LICs on average. Despite the

fact that life expectancy rate in Burkina Faso increased from 45 years to 55 years during the last

three decades, it is the same 5 years less than in LICs on average, the same as in the previous

periods (see Graph C16).

The low pace in the health development is even more noticeable, if taking the indicator of

infant mortality into account. In 1980s the situation with infant mortality in Burkina Faso was at

least better than in other LICs on average (see Graph C17). But now with 64 deaths per 1,000

births, Burkina Faso looks worse than LICs with 53 deaths on average.


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Inequality Comparison

Although Burkina Faso is in the region, where the poverty is most severe in the world,

but the situation is gradually improving. Moreover, Burkina Faso slightly over performs other

LICs in terms of the efforts to diminish poverty. According to the data available (see Table C18),

71.2% of the Burkina Faso’s population lived for less than 1.25 US$ per day compared to 67.1%

in other LICs. But in 2009 this indicator dropped to 44.5% in Burkina Faso’s compared to 48.6%

in other LICs (2010) on average.

Gender inequality issue is although present in Burkina Faso, but its scale does not differ

significantly from the other LICs on average. Such indicators of the gender inequality in Burkina

Faso as female primary and secondary school enrollment, female labor force participation or

proportion of female seats in national parliament are comparable to those in other LICs (see

Graphs 19-24).

International Linkages

One of the positive trends in the Burkina Faso’s economy is the sharp increase in the

amount of Foreign Direct Investment inflows into the country in the most recent years. The FDI

volume almost never exceeded 1% of GDP in Burkina Faso, while in 2012-2013 years FDI

exceeded 3% of the country’s GDP. However, if compared with the other LICs, Burkina Faso

still lags behind in the efforts of attraction foreign investments (see Graph C26).


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Part IV

Conclusion

In the last four decades Burkina Faso has shown good pace of economic growth and its

human capital development. But this progress resulted from the country efforts as well as due to

low base for comparison. Further improvement will require increasing efforts from the society

and its state and face greater challenges. Taking to account that in the last 27 years there has

been authoritarian power regime of unchangeable leader Compaore, there is chance for the

country to

The country is ranked 167 (down from 154) in the Doing Business 2015 report, which is

middle of the last quartile from the list of 189 countries [8]. This downgrade of the country came

on the background that according to the report Sub-Saharan block of countries is among the best

reformers, and the Burkina Faso neighbors Cote d’Ivoire, Togo and Benin in the top-ten.

In the last decade the Country has been intensively exploiting its mineral resources and

since 2013 became the 4th largest gold producer in Africa [5]. The sector supported the country

employment and growth. The Blaise Compaore government launched a vast infrastructure

building program as part of its accelerated growth and sustainable development strategy, known

under the French acronym SCADD. The political uncertainty in the country in the last year put

these initiatives under threat as well as it may threaten overall possibility of the state to capitalize

on extensive exploitation of the mines for the sake of Burkina Faso overall society instead.

Suggestions

Following the analysis in this Report, we see following recommendations can be of value

to improve the development in Burkina Faso:


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1. The transition period that is supervised by the interim administration of military

forces should be finalized with fair elections and restoration of the political process

according to the country constitution.

2. The country should continue developing its human capital by enhancing and

encouraging its enrolment in effective education, which is a long term condition for

sustainable economic development and political stability.

3. The government should continue its programs on infrastructure development. This

will improve the general investment attractiveness of the country. Financing of these

projects can be supported by companies that are attracted to Burkina Faso by its resources

(gold, cotton) via thought-out and enforced investment obligations to them.

4. The above recommendation of drawing current investors into country infrastructure

development can be effective only if corruption is not eroding political and economic

institutions of the country. Hence, the country should continue its run on corruption and

improve state mechanisms that define the quality of “doing business”.

5. The country should aim at increase of its added value in the global value chains in

order to gradually escape its role of raw materials appendage. This can be attempted by

providing considerable advantages to investors in value-added sectors (like textile, food

procession etc.) over those who invest into extraction of raw materials.


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2015].

[7] Central Intelligence Agency. (2015). World Factbook. [ONLINE] Available at:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html



21/ 64

[8] WORLD BANK. (2015). Doing business 2015. [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/GIAWB/Doing%20Business/Documents/Annual-

Reports/English/DB15-Full-Report.pdf [Accessed 04 April 2015].

[9] WORLD BANK. World Development indicators, 2015.

[10] UNITED NATIONS. (2014). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. [ONLINE].

Available at:

http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2014%20MDG%20report/MDG%202014%20English

%20web.pdf [Accessed 04 April 2015].

[11] Burkina Faso Geography. (2015). [ONLINE] Available at:

http://www.photius.com/wfb/wfb1999/burkina_faso/burkina_faso_geography.html.

[Accessed 04 April 2015]

[12] Economy & Industry — Burkina Faso — Our Africa . (2015). [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://www.our-africa.org/burkina-faso/economy-industry. [Accessed 04 April 2015]

[13] Burkina Faso - Natural resources contribution to GDP. (2015). [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/burkina-faso/natural-resources-contribution-to-gdp.

[Accessed 04 April 2015]

[14] Wikipedia. Economy of Burkina Faso. (2015). [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Burkina_Faso. [Accessed 04 April 2015]

[15] UNITED NATIONS. Human Development Report 2014. (2014). [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf. [Accessed 04 April 2015]


22/ 64

[16] Internet World Stats. Burkina Faso. (2015). [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://www.internetworldstats.com/af/bf.htm. [Accessed 04 April 2015]

[17] WORLD BANK. (2015). Doing Business 2015. Going Beyond Efficiency. Economy Profile

2015. Burkina Faso. [ONLINE]. Available at:

http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/giawb/doing%20business/documents/profiles/countr

y/BFA.pdf

[18] Making Finance Work for Africa. Burkina Faso. Financial Sector Profile. (2015).

[ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.mfw4a.org/burkina-faso/burkina-faso-financial-

sector-profile.html. [Accessed 04 April 2015]


23/ 64

Appendix A


24/ 64

Appendix B

Graph B1: GDP in Burkina Faso (in millions of constant 2005 U.S. Dollar)

Source: World Development Indicators 2015, World Bank

Graph B2: GDP per Capita in Burkina Faso (constant 2005 U.S. Dollar)


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

GDP per capita in Burkina Faso, 1970-‐2013 (2005 constant US$ )


25/ 64

Graph B3: GDP per Capita in Burkina Faso in 1990-2013 (2011 constant PPP-adjusted US$)


Table B4: Average GDP per Capita Growth Rate in Burkina Faso per Decade

Decade Average annual GDP Growth Rate per capita per decade

1970s 1.35%

1980s 1.16%

1990s 2.28%

2000s 2.34%

2010s* 4.02% *2010-2013 years


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

GDP per capita in Burkina Faso, 1990-‐2013 (2011 constant PPP-‐adjusted US$)


26/ 64

Graph B5: Unemployment Rate in Burkina Faso in 1991-2013, % (modeled ILO estimate)


Graph B6: Burkina Faso Population in 1970-2015


1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5 1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012


27/ 64

Graph B7: Burkina Faso Population Growth Rate in 1970-2015 (annual %)


Graph B8: GDP by sector (percentage)

2012

Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing 34,3 Mining 13,1 Manufacturing 9,6 Electricity, gas and water 1,1 Construction 5,8 Wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants 11,8 Transport, storage and communication 3,4 Finance, real estate and business services 3,6 Public administration, education, health and social work, community, social and personal services 14,9 Other services 2,3

Source: African Economic Outlook, 2014. Burkina Faso.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012


28/ 64

Picture B9: Population Density map for Africa and Burkina Faso in 2000.

Source: http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/07_map-centre/7_1_entire-range/thematic-maps/human_density_africa_2000.png

Graph B10: Burkina Faso’s Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate in 1970-2012


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)

Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)


29/ 64

Graph B11: Burkina Faso’s Total Fertility Rate (births per woman) in 1970-2012


Graph B12: Age structure of population in Burkina Faso


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

PopulaXon ages 65 and above (% of total)

PopulaXon ages 15-‐64 (% of total)

PopulaXon ages 0-‐14 (% of total)


30/ 64

Graph B13: Burkina Faso’s Age Dependency Ratio


Graph B14: Burkina Faso Gross domestic saving rate in 1970-2013 (% of GDP)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Age dependency raXo, old (% of working-‐age populaXon)

Age dependency raXo, young (% of working-‐age populaXon)

-‐10

-‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012


31/ 64

Graph B15: Gross fixed capital formation in Burkina Faso in 1979-2012 (% of GDP)


Graph B16: Burkina Faso current account surplus (deficit) in 2005-2010 (% of GDP)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-‐14

-‐12

-‐10

-‐8

-‐6

-‐4

-‐2

0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


32/ 64

Graph B17: Burkina Faso urban population (% of total population)


Graph B18: Structure of production in Burkina Faso in 1970-2012: agriculture, industry, services (as % of GDP)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30 1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)

Industry, value added (% of GDP)

Services, etc., value added (% of GDP)


33/ 64

Graph B19: Burkina Faso school enrollment rate (% of gross)


Graph B20: Burkina Faso’s Adult literacy rate (% of people ages 15 and above)


0

20

40

60

80

100 1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

School enrollment, primary (% gross)

School enrollment, secondary (% gross)

School enrollment, terXary (% gross)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1975 1991 2003 2007


34/ 64

Graph B21: Life expectancy at birth in Burkina Faso (years)


Graph B22: Infant mortality rate in Burkina Faso (per 1,000 live births)


30

35

40

45

50

55

60 1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012


35/ 64

Graph B23: Population per 1 physician in Burkina Faso


Graph B24: Burkina Faso’s Gini coefficient, % (World Bank estimate)


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000 1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1994 1998 2003 2009

GINI index (World Bank esXmate)


36/ 64

Graph B25: Burkina Faso’s Poverty rate (% of population falling below the poverty line)


Graph B26: Burkina Faso’s ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2003 2009

Poverty headcount raXo at naXonal poverty lines (% of populaXon)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

1972 1982 1992 2002 2012

RaXo of female to male primary enrollment (%)


37/ 64

Graph B27: Burkina Faso’s ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%)


Graph B29: Burkina Faso’s ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1972 1982 1994 2003 2012

RaXo of female to male secondary enrollment (%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1972 1982 1992 2002 2012

RaXo of female to male terXary enrollment (%)


38/ 64

Graph B29: Burkina Faso’s gender gap in adult literacy rate


Graph B30: Burkina Faso’s gender gap in labor force participation


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1975 1991 2007

Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above)

Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above)

83

83.5

84

84.5

85

85.5

86

1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2013

RaXo of female to male labor force parXcipaXon rate (%) (modeled ILO esXmate)


39/ 64

Graph B31: Burkina Faso’s Gender gap in national parliament


Graph B32: Burkina Faso’s Inflation rate (CPI, annual % change)


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

1998 2002 2007 2012 2014

ProporXon of seats held by women in naXonal parliaments (%)

-‐15

-‐10

-‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

InflaXon, consumer prices (annual %)


40/ 64

Graph B33: Burkina Faso’s government expenditure (% of GDP)


Graph B34: Structure of Burkina Faso’s central government expenditure


0

5

10

15

20

25

30 1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

General government final consumpXon expenditure (% of GDP)

0

5

10

15

20

25

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Health expenditure, public (% of government expenditure)

Military expenditure (% of central government expenditure)

Public spending on educaXon, total (% of government expenditure)


41/ 64

Graph B35: Burkina Faso’s central government deficit (% of GDP)


Graph B36: Number of days to start business in Burkina Faso


-‐7

-‐6

-‐5

-‐4

-‐3

-‐2

-‐1

0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Time required to start a business (days)


42/ 64

Graph B37: Corruption perception index in Burkina Faso


Graph B38: Burkina Faso’s Forest area (% of land area)


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

CorrupXon PercepXon Index, 2005-‐2013

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Forest area (% of land area)


43/ 64

Graph B39: Merchandise trade in Burkina Faso (% of GDP)


Graph B40: Burkina Faso’s Structure of merchandise exports


0

10

20

30

40

50

60 1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Merchandise trade (% of GDP)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1971 1983 1995 2004 2013

Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports)

Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)

Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports)

Food exports (% of merchandise exports)

Agricultural raw materials exports (% of merchandise exports)


44/ 64

Graph B41: Burkina Faso’s Structure of merchandise imports


Graph B42: Foreign Direct Investment in Burkina Faso, net inflows (% of GDP)


0

20

40

60

80

100

1971 1983 1995 2004 2013

Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports)

Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports)

Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports)

Food imports (% of merchandise imports)

Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports)

-‐0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)


45/ 64

Graph B43: Private International Transfers (% of GDP)


Graph B44: Official development assistance: receipts per capital (in dollar)


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Personal remibances, received (% of GDP)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Net official development assistance and official aid per capita received (constant 2011 US$)


46/ 64

Graph B45: Official development assistance: total receipts (as % of GDP)


Table 46. Revenue of the Burkina Faso state budget (billion CFAF)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Regular income 302 373 424 462 636 541 548 677 718 932 Tax revenue 276 330 391 415 449 476 536 571 615 812 Non-‐tax revenue 22 29 28 28 39 32 37 106 97 113 Capital revenue 4 15 5 18 148 33 11 12 6 113 Special income 204 237 371 443 342 474 335 508 295 671 Donations 83 106 179 205 152 213 135 294 130 419 Borrowings 121 131 192 238 190 261 201 215 165 252 Total revenue 506 611 795 904 978 1 015 919 1 197 1 013 1 603

Gross domestic product 2 444 2 556 2 881 3 041 3 245 3 748 3 952 4 448 5 060 5 701

State budget in GDP 21% 24% 28% 30% 30% 27% 23% 27% 20% 28% Tax revenue in State budget 55% 54% 49% 46% 46% 47% 58% 48% 61% 51% Tax revenue in GDP 11% 13% 14% 14% 14% 13% 14% 13% 12% 14% Tax revenue growth rate -‐10% 20% 19% 6% 8% 6% 13% 7% 8% 32%

Source: http://www.insd.bf/n/contenu/pub_periodiques/annuaires_stat/Annuaires_stat_nationaux_BF/Annuaire_stat_2013.pdf

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7 1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Net official development assistance and official aid received (% of GDP)


47/ 64

Graph 47. Dynamics of external official development assistance

Table 48. Sources of external official development assistance

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Official Development Assistance (millions of US dollars)


48/ 64

Table 49. Evolution of spending allocations from the state budget from 2009 to 2013 (billion CFAF)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Current expenditures 625,3 594,6 674,9 852,9 913,5

Public debt depreciation and service 102,6 67,1 60,8 82,7 94,0 Staff costs 229,9 245,6 269,3 334,4 366,3 Operating expenditures 102,0 94,4 104,4 124,2 119,3 Payments of current transfers 190,8 187,5 240,5 312,2 333,9


49/ 64

Capital expenditures 594,4 301,2 576,6 749,7 990,6 Investments executed by the State 568,9 297,4 567,6 743,4 949,6 Capital transfers 25,5 3,8 9,0 6,3 41,0

Total expenditure 1 219,6 895,7 1 251,6 1 602,5 1 904,1

Share of Investments executed by the State in total government expenditure 47% 33% 45% 46% 50%

Appendix C

Graph C1: GDP per Capita (in constant 2005 US $)


Table C2: Average GDP per Capita Growth Rate per Decade

Decade Burkina Faso Low Income Countries

1980s 1.16% 0.06%

1990s 2.28% - 0.30%

2000s 2.34% 2.74%

2010s* 4.02% 3.98% *2010-2013 years

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$)

LIC Burkina Faso


50/ 64


Graph C3: Unemployment Rate, % of labor force (modeled ILO estimate)


Graph C4: Population Growth (annual %)

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Burkina Faso LIC


51/ 64


Graph C5: Total Fertility Rate, births per woman


Graph C6: Age Dependency ratio (old plus young as % of working-age population)

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

PopulaRon growth, annual (%)

Burkina Faso LIC

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Total ferRlity rate, births per woman

Burkina Faso LIC


52/ 64


Graph C7: Gross Domestic Savings Rate, % of GDP


Graph C8: Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP)

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Age dependency rate

Burkina Faso LIC

-‐10

-‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Gross domesRc savings rate, % of GDP

Burkina Faso LIC


53/ 64


Graph C9: Urban population (% of total)


Graph C10: Structure of production in 1990, value added (% of GDP)

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Gross fixed capital formaRon, % of GDP

Burkina Faso LIC

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Urban populaRon , % of total

Burkina Faso LIC


54/ 64


Graph C11: Structure of production in 2012, value added (% of GDP)


Graph C12: School Enrollment, Primary (% gross)

Burkina Faso structure of producRon in 1990

Low income countries: structure of producRon in 1990



Burkina Faso structure of producRon in 2012

Low income countries: structure of producRon in 2012




55/ 64


Graph C13: School Enrollment, Secondary (% gross)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Burkina Faso primary school enrollment, %

LIC, primary school enrollment, %

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Burkina Faso secondary school enrollment, %

LIC, secondary school enrollment, %


56/ 64

Graph C14: School Enrollment, tertiary (% gross)


Graph C15: Adult Literacy Rate (% of people ages 15 and above)

Burkina Faso Low Income Countries

13.6% (1991) 50.9% (1990)

21.8% (2003) 57.6% (2000)

28.7% (2007) 60.4% (2010)


Graph C16: Life Expectancy at Birth

0

2

4

6

8

10

Burkina Faso terXary school enrollment, %

LIC, terXary school enrollment, %


57/ 64


Graph C17: Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births)

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

1980 1990 2000 2010

Life expectancy at birth, years

Burkina Faso LIC


58/ 64


Graph C18: Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) (year)


71.2% (1994) 67.1% (1993)

70.0% (1998) 64.2% (1999)

48.9% (2003) 55.8% (2005) 44.5% (2009) 48.6% (2010)


Graph C19: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1980 1990 2000 2010 2013

Infant mortality rate, per 1,000 births

Burkina Faso LIC


59/ 64


Graph C20: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%)


Graph C21: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1982 1992 2002 2012

RaRo of female to male primary school enrollment, %

Burkina Faso LIC

0

20

40

60

80

100

1985 1994 2003 2012

RaRo of female to male secondary school enrollment, %

Burkina Faso LIC


60/ 64


Graph C22: Literacy rate, adult female (% of people ages 15 and above) (year)


8.1% (1996) 41.8% (1990)

15.2% (2003) 49.5% (2000)

21.6% (2007) 53.4% (2010)


Graph C23: Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1985 1994 2003 2012

RaRo of female to male terRary enrollment, %

Burkina Faso LIC


61/ 64


Graph C24: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)


Graph C25: Inflation, consumer price index (annual %)

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2013

RaRo of female to male labor force parRcipaRon rate, %

Burkina Faso LIC

0

5

10

15

20

25

1998 2002 2007 2012 2014

ProporRon of seats held by women in naRonal parliament, %

Burkina Faso LIC


62/ 64


Graph C26: Foreign direct investments inflows, (% of GDP)


Graph C27: Personal remittances received, (% of GDP)

-‐5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

InflaRon, annual consumer price index, %

Burkina Faso LIC

-‐0.5 0

0.5 1

1.5 2

2.5 3

3.5 4

4.5

Foreign direct investments, % of GDP

Burkina Faso LIC


63/ 64


Graph C28: Time required starting business, days


Graph C29: Birth and death rates, persons per 1000 people

0

2

4

6

8

10

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Personal remi]ances received, % of GDP

Burkina Faso LIC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Time required to start a business, days

Burkina Faso LIC


64/ 64


1

11

21

31

41

51

61

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Death and birth rate, per 1000 people

Death rate, Burkina Faso Death rate, LIC

Birth rate, Burkina Faso Birth rate, LIC

Resarch Project Burkina Faso country report Alanood Alotaibi

Documents

Transcript of Resarch Project Burkina Faso country report Alanood Alotaibi