Request for CERN recognized experiment status for the IceCube neutrino telescope
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Transcript of Request for CERN recognized experiment status for the IceCube neutrino telescope
Request for CERN Request for CERN recognized recognized
experiment status for experiment status for the the
IceCube IceCube neutrino telescopeneutrino telescope
Per Olof HulthPer Olof Hulth
Stockholm universityStockholm university
[email protected]@physto.sese
2004-12-2 CERN Per Olof Hulth
IceCubeIceCube Neutrino telescope to be built in the ice sheet at Neutrino telescope to be built in the ice sheet at
the South Pole, Antarcticathe South Pole, Antarctica Place 1450 m - 2450 m below the Amundsen - Place 1450 m - 2450 m below the Amundsen -
Scott base at the South PoleScott base at the South Pole Design and construction based on the experience Design and construction based on the experience
from the AMANDA neutrino telescopefrom the AMANDA neutrino telescope
Spokesperson: Per Olof Hulth, Stockholm University, SwedenSpokesperson: Per Olof Hulth, Stockholm University, Sweden US Principal Investigator: Francis Halzen, University US Principal Investigator: Francis Halzen, University
Wisconsin, USAWisconsin, USA Project Director: Jim Yeck, University of Wisconsin, USAProject Director: Jim Yeck, University of Wisconsin, USA
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Amundsen-Scott South Pole station
South PoleDome
Summer camp
AMANDA
“North”
road to work
1500 m
2000 m
[not to scale]
IceCube
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neutrin
o
myon Very transparent ice
at large depth!
Cherenkov light
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neutrin
o
myon
One milion atmospheric muons for
each atmospheric
neutrino
Choose only muons from below!
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Hot water
-55 C
-25 C-2500 m
-50 m
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AMANDA(Antarctic Muon And Neutrino
Detector Array)
The worlds largest neutrino telescope
Built 1995-2000
19 strings with 670 optical modules
“The seventh wonder of modern astronomy”
“The wierdest”
(Scientific American)
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Drilling towerOptical module
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-840 m
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Neutrino Neutrino interaction interaction in AMANDAin AMANDA
AMANDA AMANDA observes 3-4 observes 3-4 atmospheric atmospheric neutrinos per dayneutrinos per day
QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Highest Highest energyenergy event event
observedobserved
Electron neutrino interaction
About 200 TeV
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AMANDA data 2000
Direction of origin in the northern hemisphere
of detected neutrinos in AMANDA
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AMANDA data 2000
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Search for HE neutrino point sources
2000-2002 data
Highest: 3.6
Above 3σ: 2Expect 2.33(from randomdistribution)
922 events
Highest: 3.41
Above 3σ: 1
σsignificance mapUnbinned statistical analysis:
use track resolution (→pdf) for each event
No excess in significance beyond randomly expected
Scrambled in azimuthal direction!
Very PRELIMINARY
equatorial coordinates
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Sensitivity to muon flux from neutralino annihilations in the center of the Earth:
WIMP annihilations in the centre of WIMP annihilations in the centre of EarthEarth
Eμ > 1 GeV
Muon flux limits
PRELIMINARYμν→→ + H Z, W,,ll ,qq -xx
Look for vertically upgoing tracks
NN optimized (on 20% data) to - remove misreconstructed atm. μ - suppress atmospheric ν - maximize sensitivity to WIMP signal
Combine 3 years: 1997-99
Total live-time (80%): 422 days
No WIMP signal found
Disfavored by direct search(CDMS II)
μν→→ + -WWxxμν→→ + -ôôxx
Limit for “hardest” channel:
GeV 5000-100 =xM
GeV 50 =xM
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WIMP annihilations in the SunWIMP annihilations in the Sun
Increased capture rate due to addition of spin-dependent processes
Sun is maximally 23° below horizon
Search with AMANDA-II possible thanks to improved reconstructioncapabilities for horizontal tracks
Exclusion sensitivity fromanalyzing off-source bins
2001 data0.39 years livetime
Best sensitivity (considering livetime) of existing indirect searches using
muons from the Sun/Earth
No WIMP signal found
Eμ > 1 GeV
PRELIMINARYMuon flux limits
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Despite AMANDA being the worlds largest Neutrino Telescope,
it is expected to be too small!!
No cosmic neutrinos observed in AMANDA yet.
We need a telescope with a volume of one km3!
IceCube!!
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IceCube CollaborationIceCube Collaboration
28 institutes in nine countries and 28 institutes in nine countries and five continentsfive continents
12 institutes in Europe12 institutes in Europe In total about 170 scientists and In total about 170 scientists and
about 70 from Europe (95 US)about 70 from Europe (95 US)
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USA (13)USA (13)
Europe (12)Europe (12)
Venezuela (1)Venezuela (1)
Japan (1)Japan (1)
New Zealand (1)New Zealand (1)
• Bartol Research Institute, Delaware, USA*• Univ. of Alabama, USA• Pennsylvania State University, USA *• UC Berkeley, USA *• Clark-Atlanta University, USA• Univ. of Maryland, USA• UC Irvine, USA * * Also AMANDA
• Bartol Research Institute, Delaware, USA*• Univ. of Alabama, USA• Pennsylvania State University, USA *• UC Berkeley, USA *• Clark-Atlanta University, USA• Univ. of Maryland, USA• UC Irvine, USA * * Also AMANDA
• IAS, Princeton, USA• University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA *• University of Wisconsin-River Falls, USA *• LBNL, Berkeley, USA *• University of Kansas, USA *• Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA
• IAS, Princeton, USA• University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA *• University of Wisconsin-River Falls, USA *• LBNL, Berkeley, USA *• University of Kansas, USA *• Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA
• Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium *• Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium *• Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium *• Universität Mainz, Germany *• DESY-Zeuthen, Germany *• Universität Dortmund, Germany *
• Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium *• Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium *• Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium *• Universität Mainz, Germany *• DESY-Zeuthen, Germany *• Universität Dortmund, Germany *
• Universität Wuppertal, Germany *• Uppsala university, Sweden *• Stockholm university, Sweden *• Imperial College, London, UK• Oxford university, UK• Utrecht,university, Netherlands
• Universität Wuppertal, Germany *• Uppsala university, Sweden *• Stockholm university, Sweden *• Imperial College, London, UK• Oxford university, UK• Utrecht,university, Netherlands
• Chiba university, Japan• University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
• Chiba university, Japan• University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ
ANTARCTICA
• Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela *
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Scientific goalsScientific goals Search for High Energy Neutrino sources in Search for High Energy Neutrino sources in
Cosmos (the origin of the cosmic rays?)Cosmos (the origin of the cosmic rays?) Search for dark matter particle annihilation Search for dark matter particle annihilation
(WIMPs) in the centre of Sun and Earth(WIMPs) in the centre of Sun and Earth Supernova search Supernova search Magnetic monopoles, slowly moving particlesMagnetic monopoles, slowly moving particles Cosmic ray composition (IceTop + IceCube) Cosmic ray composition (IceTop + IceCube) Discover something unexpected…..Discover something unexpected…..
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IceCubIceCubee
1450 m
2450 m
AMANDA
South Pole
IceTop
Skiway 80 Strings80 Strings
4800 PMT in ice4800 PMT in ice
Instrumented Instrumented volume: 1 km3 (1 volume: 1 km3 (1 Gt)Gt)
IceCube is IceCube is designed to detect designed to detect neutrinos of all neutrinos of all flavors at energies flavors at energies from 10from 1077 eV (SN) to eV (SN) to 10102020 eV eV
Icetop 160 tanks Icetop 160 tanks with total 320 PMTwith total 320 PMT
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Total Baseline Cost by Year Total Baseline Cost by Year ($M)($M)
PY01 PY02 PY03 PY04 PY05 PY06 PY07 PY08 PY09 TOTAL
US 14.43 24.31 41.74 51.20 49.87 26.45 21.78 11.33 0.95 242.07
NON-US 0 2.22 5.10 6.71 6.99 5.42 2.09 1.16 0 29.70
TOTAL 14.43 26.53 46.85 57.91 56.86 31.87 23.87 12.49 0.95 271.77
US funding 100% from National Science Foundation (MRE)
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European contributionsEuropean contributions•Belgium About 1.5 $M for hardware (approved)
–FNRS (Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique) and FWO (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek), the French and Flemish Funds for Scientific Research : –Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian Science Policy
•Germany–DESY About 4.3 $M for hardware(approved)
•DESY: 90% Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung) •10% Ministry of Science of the Land Brandenburg
–Universities About 1.6 $M for hardware (not yet approved)
•Federal Ministry of Education and Research •Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG
•Sweden About 4 $M for hardware (approved)–Swedish Research Council (state)–K & A Wallenberg Foundation (private)–Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (state)
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Constructing IceCubeConstructing IceCube
The IceCube Project office in The IceCube Project office in Madison with Jim Yeck as Project Madison with Jim Yeck as Project Director has the direct responsibility Director has the direct responsibility for the construction of IceCube.for the construction of IceCube.
The IceCube Collaboration Board The IceCube Collaboration Board has the responsibility for scientific has the responsibility for scientific questionsquestions
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ν
decays1 PeV (300m)
decays
νinteraction
νν - flavors and energy ranges- flavors and energy ranges
• Filled area: particle id, direction, energy• Shaded area: energy only
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Assume generic flux dN/dE = 10 –7 E-2 (cm-2s-1sr-1GeV)
Expect
~103 events/year after atm μ rejection
~75 events/year after energy cut
cf background 8 atm n
atm v
signal
Sensitivity (1 y): 8.110-9 E-2
(cm-2s-1sr-1GeV)
blue: after atm μ rejectionred: after Eμ cut
Diffuse νμ flux
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Digital Optical module (DOM)
a self-contained ”mini”-DAQ
records timestamps digitizes stores transmits to
surface at request
an optical sensor10 inch Hamamatsu R-7081
mu metal cage
PMT
penetrator HV board
flasher board
DOMmain board
pressure sphere
optical gel
delay board
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10” PMTHamatsu-70
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IceCubeIceCube First 4 (?) strings to be deployed January 2005First 4 (?) strings to be deployed January 2005 The rest of the stringsThe rest of the strings
12 strings 05/06 12 strings 05/06 16 strings 06/07 16 strings 06/07 18 strings 07/08 18 strings 07/08 18 strings 08/0918 strings 08/09 12 strings 09/1012 strings 09/10
We start taking data when the first strings are We start taking data when the first strings are deployed!deployed!
AMANDA will be part of the IceCube telescope AMANDA will be part of the IceCube telescope (One collaboration March 2005)(One collaboration March 2005)
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TransportsTransports
Christchurch New Christchurch New ZealandZealand
Christchurch - Christchurch - McMurdo 5-9 h by McMurdo 5-9 h by plane (C17 or plane (C17 or Hercules).Hercules).
McMurdo - South McMurdo - South Pole, 3 h by Pole, 3 h by HerculesHercules
From Christchurch
New Zealand
McMurdo
South Pole
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European activitiesEuropean activities Europe will produce and test 880 + 1300 Europe will produce and test 880 + 1300
out of 4800 DOMsout of 4800 DOMs European as the Spokesperson 2+2 years European as the Spokesperson 2+2 years
(2001-2005)(2001-2005) European leads in Simulation, European leads in Simulation,
Reconstruction and AMANDA integrationReconstruction and AMANDA integration European industry will most probably European industry will most probably
deliver the string cables (Ericsson, Sweden deliver the string cables (Ericsson, Sweden or JDR, Netherlands)or JDR, Netherlands)
The European groups are very strong in The European groups are very strong in data analysis (experiences from AMANDA)data analysis (experiences from AMANDA)
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Drill equipment arriving McMurdo November 2004
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The new South Pole The new South Pole stationstation
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The new Station The new Station restaurantrestaurant
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View from the new View from the new stationstation
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IceCube drill camp construction site of the first hole,
Nov 25, 2004
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IceCube as a CERN IceCube as a CERN recognized projectrecognized project
Be able to organize meetings at Be able to organize meetings at CERNCERN
Be able to use library and electronic Be able to use library and electronic journalsjournals
Be able to use CERN softwareBe able to use CERN software To have team accountsTo have team accounts To be able to have computing To be able to have computing
accountsaccounts
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European PIsEuropean PIsBelgium
Univ. Libre de Bruxelles, D. BertrandVrije Univ. Brussel, C. De ClercqUniv. de Mons-Hainaut, P. Herquet
GermanyUniv. Mainz, L. Koepke DESY-Zeuthen, C. Spiering Univ. Dortmund, W. Rohde Univ. Wuppertal K-H. Kampert
SwedenStockholm univ. P.O. HulthUppsala univ. A. Hallgren
NetherlandsUtrecht univ. N. van Eijndhoven
UKImperial Collage I. LiubarskyOxford univ. S. Sakar