República del Perú PERU

University Bible Fellowship – Washington Chapter 10th Anniversary Celebration

November 8, 2002 Presented by Belssi Chang

Report

Content

Geographic Setting Regions Population Ethnic Groups History and Government Universities Missionary Work

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Geographic Setting

Borders Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and the Pacific Ocean.

Total land area of 1.28 million sq. km. (3.5x size of Japan, slightly smaller than Alaska).

Third-largest country in South America after Brazil and Argentina.

Ranks among the world's 20 largest nations.

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Geographic Setting Continued

Terrain: western coastal plain, high and rugged Andes in center, eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin.

Landscape: 50 mountains > 6,000 meters above sea level; 1,679 glaciers; 12,000 lakes of varying sizes and depths; and 262 different river basins.

Among the 5 countries with the greatest biological diversity in the world.

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Regions

Peru is made up of 24 departments and one Constitutional Province called El Callao.

Main cities: Coast: Arequipa, Callao,

Trujillo, Chimbote, Chiclayo and Piura

Andes: Cusco

Amazon: Iquitos

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Population

Current total Peruvian population is about 27 million: 52% lives in the coast, 36% lives in the highlands, and 12% lives in the jungle. 71% lives in urban areas and 29% lives in rural areas . 50% (approx.) is under 21. 90% is Roman Catholic. Around 6 million live in the capital, Lima.

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Ethnic Groups

Ethnic Groups: 45% Amerindian: Quechuas

and Aymaras 37% mestizo (mixed

Amerindian and white), 15% criollo (white), 3% Black, Japanese, Chinese,

and other

Languages: Spanish (official) Quechua (official) Aymara

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History and Government

Ancient Peru seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably the Incas

Inca empire captured by Spanish conquerors in 1533. Peruvian independence declared in 1821. 20th century dominated by military rule, serious economic

problems, and guerrilla activity. Dramatic turnaround and significant progress following

Return of democracy returned in 1980 and especially following President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990

New Constitution issued under his leadership in 1993; left power in 2000)

Government has 3 branches: executive (5-year term), legislative, and judicial branches.

Current President: Alejandro Toledo (elected in 2001)

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Universities

Total of 78 Universities: ~416,000 students 33 Public Universities: ~246,000 students 45 Private Universities: ~170,000 students 53% Male, 47% Female 1.62% of total population 7.92% of 15-24 year old population Major with highest enrollment: Education

Largest Universities (both located in Lima): Universidad San Martin de Porres (private): ~32,000 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos:

~25,000

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Universities Continued

Universidad San Martin de Porres:

Largest Peruvian university

~32,000 students

Founded in 1962

Ranked among top 3 private universities

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www.usmp.edu.pe

Universities Continued

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos:

~25,000 students

Founded in 1551 by Dominican Mission.

First university in American continent.

School of medicine, law, and letters and sciences have functioned uninterruptedly since its founding.

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www.unmsm.edu.pe

Missionary Work

Periods:

1532-1822 (Roman Catholic Missions)

1822-1900 (Beginning of Protestant Missions)

1900-1940s (Protestant Missions Added)

1950s-Present (Growth Trends and Outlook)

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Mission Work: 1532-1822

Roman Catholic Missions Catholicism was brought by Spanish conquerors

starting around 1532.

Evangelization conducted through Franciscan, Mercedarian, and Dominican dioceses.

The 17th century - "Peru’s religious century" Canonization of two saints. However 17th Century followed by religious decline.

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Mission Work: 1822-1900

Beginning of Protestant Missions 1822-24: Scottish educator/Bible society agent James

Thomson arrived in Lima Carried mission work jointly with pro-reform Catholic clergy

1845: Catholicism becomes official state religion Foreigners allowed to conduct Protestant services provided that

no Peruvians attended

1849: Anglican Church for foreign residents allowed First Non-Catholic denomination in Peru.

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Mission Work: 1822-1900 Continued

Beginning of Protestant Missions Continued

1877: Arrival of first US Methodists (little success) 1888: Arrival of Francisco Penzotti, Methodist Minister

1888-1896: sold Bibles, preached, trained leaders 1889: organized a Methodist Church 1890-1891: jailed for 9 months due to Catholic reaction

international scandal and support resulting in religious tolerance law in 1915

1898: Seventh Day Adventists started mission work Gained converts especially among Aymara Indians Founded and operate respected university. Remain second largest Protestant church in Peru. Currently largest non-Pentecostal denomination.

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Mission Work: 1900-1940s

Protestant Missions Added 1903: Wesleyans 1914: Nazarenes 1927: Baptists (first of several Baptist Missions) 1900-1930: John Ritchie (RBMU) developed successfully an

indigenous Peruvian Evangelical Church in Andes. 1930s-1940s: John A. Mackay (Free Church of Scotland) evangelized

university students in Lima 1940: Most Protestant churches and missions form National

Evangelical Council As of 1998 still most representative Protestant Institution.

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Mission Work: 1950s-Present

Growth Trends and Outlook

Wycliffe Bible Translators made Bible available in >30 tribal languages in Amazonian jungle.

Faith Missions and Southern Baptists little growth.

Pentecostal churches largest growth (esp. among poor).

Evangelical Alliance Mission Radio station influential in opening doors for significant growth in 1970s.

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Mission Work: 1950s-Present Continued

Growth Trends and Outlook Continued

1970-1990 violent political climate between military and Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) guerrillas affected isolated areas where missionary efforts had been successful.

1990s – wave of Pentencostal renewal spread

Recently – significant evangelical growth among native Quechuas and Aymaras

Many converts become active as lay missionaries, in North Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States.

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Dios tiene

esperanza para el Perú!

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Godhas

hopefor

Peru!

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References

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pe.html http://www.peru.com/peruinfo/ http://www.latin-focus.com/countries/peru/peru.htm http://ppn.home.cern.ch/ppn/up.htm http://www.anr.edu.pe/ http://www.unmsm.edu.pe http://www.usmp.edu.pe D.B. Barret, et al. World Christian Encyclopedia: The World by Countries, Religions,

Churches, Ministries. Volume 1, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 2001. A. S. Moreau, et al. Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions. Baker Book House

Company, 2000. J. A. Siewert, et al. Mission Handbook: USA/Canada Christian Ministries Overseas.

Marc Publishers, 1993-1995.

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