REPUBLIC OF GHANAeap.ucop.edu/Documents/OurPrograms/Ghana/ASIRT_Ghana2017.pdfTraffic may be...

ROAD TRAVEL REPORT

REPUBLIC OF GHANA

© ASIRT 2014

ASIRT is a non-profit humanitarian organization established in memory of Aron Sobel, age 25, who was killed

along with 22 other passengers in a Pamukkale Bus Company crash on the roads of Turkey.

Disclaimer: ASIRT provides this information as a service to the traveling public. This report and the accompanying maps

are intended to represent general road conditions, driving environment and information on the quality of public transportation,

medical care and emergency response. It may not be totally accurate in a specific location or circumstance.

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Road Travel Report: Ghana i © ASIRT 2014

Table of Contents

Know Before You Go… ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Road Realities ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

Driver Behaviors ........................................................................................................................................................... 1

General Road Conditions .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Urban Travel ................................................................................................................................................................. 2

City Information ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

Rural Travel ................................................................................................................................................................ 12

Night Travel ................................................................................................................................................................ 12

Pedestrian Travel ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

Seasonal Travel ........................................................................................................................................................... 13

Police Enforcement ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

Road Regulations ................................................................................................................................................ 14

Road Watch ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

Road Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 23

Transportation Options ............................................................................................................................................... 23

Buses ........................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Taxis ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24

Tro-Tros ...................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Okadas......................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Rental Vehicles ........................................................................................................................................................... 26

Bicycles ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Motorcycles ................................................................................................................................................................. 26

Trucks ......................................................................................................................................................................... 27

Train Travel ................................................................................................................................................................ 27

Water Travel ............................................................................................................................................................... 27

Internal Air Service ..................................................................................................................................................... 27

Crime & Security ........................................................................................................................................................ 27

Emergency Information ..................................................................................................................................... 28

Tourist Assistance ....................................................................................................................................................... 28

Medical Care ............................................................................................................................................................... 29

Embassy Information .................................................................................................................................................. 30

For More Information ................................................................................................................................................. 30

Road Travel Report: Ghana ii © ASIRT 2014

Appendices ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31

Appendix A: U.S. and Ghana Holidays ...................................................................................................................... 31

Appendix B: National Routes in Ghana ...................................................................................................................... 31

Appendix C: Commonly Used Road Signs ................................................................................................................. 33

Appendix D: Regions in Ghana .................................................................................................................................. 34

Appendix E: Ecozones ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Northern Region .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Upper West Region ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 Upper East Region ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 Greater Accra Region .................................................................................................................................................. 36 Central Region ............................................................................................................................................................. 36 Ashanti Region ............................................................................................................................................................ 36 Eastern Region ............................................................................................................................................................. 36 Volta Region ................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Western Region ........................................................................................................................................................... 37

Road Travel Report: Ghana 1 © ASIRT 2014

ROAD TRAVEL REPORT:

REPUBLIC OF GHANA

KNOW BEFORE YOU GO…

Driving is on the right. Visitors residing in countries

where driving is on the left must remember to reverse

the “curb drill” (look right-left-right) when crossing

streets.

Drivers are often aggressive.

Speeding plays a role in 60% of road crashes.

Tro-tros (minivans and minibuses) generally are the

main providers of intra-city transport and are

frequently involved in crashes.

Pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and passengers in

buses, mini-buses and trucks have the highest death

and injury rates.

There are 8.76 fatalities per 100,000 people in Ghana,

compared to 25.6 in Gabon, 11.4 in the U.S., 0.9 in the

UK, 6.4 in France and 3.0 in Sweden.

ROAD REALITIES

DRIVER BEHAVIORS

Common factors in road crashes include:

Speeding

Driving inattentively or aggressively Driving while fatigued

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs Texting or talking on a cell phone while driving

Broken down vehicles left on or near roads

Poor road conditions Lack of road signs and/or road markings

Poorly maintained vehicles.

Many drivers have no formal education and are unable

to read, write or understand written road signs.

Vehicle ownership is low, approximately 8-10 cars per

1,000 people, but increases about 10 % a year.

Availability of driver training is inadequate.

Drivers can purchase a driver’s license without passing

an exam or driving test.

Drivers honk horns in order to:

Warn pedestrians of an approaching vehicle

Signal intent to merge with traffic.

Indicate displeasure with another driver.

VEHICLE CONDITION

Periodic inspection for road worthiness is not required.

Imported vehicles are generally in poor condition.

Broken and worn out parts are commonly replaced

with used parts.

Mechanics generally lack training in vehicle repair.

Vehicles and parts manufactured in Ghana do not meet

quality standards required in developed countries.

Brakes are substandard.

Tires are often less durable and more likely to

burst.

Parts for imported vehicles are expensive and often

difficult to obtain. Owners generally make repairs only

when vehicles break down.

Public transportation vehicles are required to be

inspected twice yearly, but there are few qualified

inspectors.

Coastal climate causes corrosion of metal parts.

GENERAL ROAD CONDITIONS

There are 32,250 km of classified road, of which 6,084 are paved and 26,166 km are gravel, laterite or

unpaved.


Major roads are generally paved and well maintained.

Secondary roads in cities and rural areas are usually

unpaved, in poor condition and inadequately

maintained.

Unpaved roads may be extremely rough with deep

potholes.

Trunk roads are sub-divided into 3 categories:

CLASS OF

ROAD ROUTE NUMBER DESIGNATION

NATIONAL

ROADS

Letter “N” precedes route number. Link major

cities. Odd-numbered roads run east to west.

Even-numbered roads run north to south.

REGIONAL

ROADS

Letter “R” precedes route number; may be

secondary or primary routes. Link main

settlements/towns and serve as feeder roads

for “N” roads. Route numbers are 2-digit on

primary “R” roads and 3-digit on secondary

“R” roads.

INTER-REGIONAL

ROADS

Letters “IR” precede route number. “IR” roads

link major cities in Ghana to main cities in

neighboring countries. Odd-numbered routes

run east to west. Even-numbered routes run

north to south.

Road transport accounts for 98 % of freight and 95 %

of passenger traffic.

Online maps of Ghana rarely provide route numbers.

Roads are generally known by names of cities along

the route.

Narrow bridges may cause delays on secondary roads

and unimproved sections of main roads.

Road signs and markings are often lacking. Warning

signs are seldom posted. Lighting is usually lacking or

inadequate.

Many sections of road are being repaired or upgraded.

Traffic is often congested.

Detours for construction zones may be poorly

maintained and may lack warning signs.

Roads may be closed until work is completed.

Information on detour route is not provided.

Disabled vehicles are often left on roads. Especially

dangerous at night.

Level railway crossings may not have warning lights or

gates. If sight distance is limited, slow down or stop

and listen for approaching trains.

Road mix: Motorized vehicles share the road with

pedestrians, bicyclists, freely roaming livestock and human- or animal–powered vehicles.

Shoulders of unimproved roads, when present, may be

in poor condition.

Vegetation may encroach on roads, narrowing usable

road surface and making it difficult to see slow moving

road users and abandoned vehicles.

Be alert for drivers of oncoming vehicles who may

be using your side of the road to dodge potholes.

Roadside vendor stands are common in urban areas,

impeding traffic.

Watch for vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists and

human– and animal–powered vehicles entering

and leaving traffic.

Selected feeder roads in each region are being

improved or upgraded.

Roads in the Cape Coast region are generally passable.

N1 Highway links Accra to Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire.

The road is in good condition.

Police checkpoints are common along inter-city roads.

Traffic may be congested near the checkpoints.

URBAN TRAVEL

Major roads are generally paved and well maintained.

Secondary roads may be unpaved and in poor

condition.

Traffic is congested in larger cities.

Road networks and public transportation services have

not kept pace with growing urban populations.

Newest suburbs are far from city centers.

Commutes are often long. Central Business

Districts (CBDs) are generally heavily congested.

Street lights and street name signs are often lacking.

Traffic at main intersections and roundabouts is

often chaotic.

Newest road projects include naming streets and

placing street signs.

Although road mix includes many pedestrians,

sidewalks are frequently lacking or in poor condition.

Larger cities, sidewalks may be present in city

centers.

Be alert for drivers driving on pedestrian

walkways.

Be alert when walking through cities, especially at

night.

Sewer systems commonly consists of deep

trenches along roads. Trenches may be covered

with cement blocks or grates or uncovered.

Trench systems are often in disrepair.

High-speed motorways and main roads often go

through urban and residential areas, increasing

pedestrian risk.

Pedestrian tunnels and overpasses are far apart.

Pedestrians frequently jaywalk.


Newest road projects generally include bypasses

for larger cities.

38.8 % of road crash fatalities and 47.7% of road crash

injuries occur on urban roads.

Pedestrians account for about 41% of road

fatalities in urban areas.

About 66% of pedestrian fatalities occur while

crossing streets.

Affordable, reliable local and inter-city bus services are

often lacking.

In cities, most public transportation is provided by

privately owned taxis and tro-tros (mini-buses or

mini-vans). Tro-tros have a poor safety record.

Bus fleet is limited. Fares are fixed. Buses seldom

run on schedule. Travel times are long compared to

tro-tros.

Use of large-capacity buses is increasing, but

accounts for only a small percentage of daily trips.

Public transportation stations usually consist of a

parking lot where taxis, tro-tros and buses park while

waiting for passengers. Stations seldom have

restrooms, trash removal services or passenger shelter.

Security is an issue at stations. Pickpockets operate at

heavily congested stations, especially at night.

Public transportation unions generally control service

at stations. Passengers are assigned to vehicles based

on destination. Passengers cannot select a vehicle

based on its condition.

Women are commonly harassed by the public transport

crews and are seldom protected when poorly treated by

fellow passengers.

Police strictly enforce prohibitions against overloading.

Hawking is most common near major intersections and

main transportation stations.

Large, commercial stores are becoming more common,

but open-air markets continue to be popular.

Fast moving fires have occurred at several markets,

often attributed to electrical problems.

CITY INFORMATION

GREATER ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (GAMA)

CONDITIONS

An extensive road network connects districts and

neighborhoods.

Arterial routes link the meteropolitan area to major cities in

Ghana and neighboring countries.

Trans-African Highway 7 (TAH 7) links the area to

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire,

Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger,

Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

North-south corridors link city to Mali and Burkina

Faso.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Coastal city; includes Accra Metropolitan Assembly, Ga East

District Assembly, Ga West District Assembly and Tema

Municipal Assembly.

Topography is generally flat with a few gentle hills.

Average altitude is 20 meters above sea level. Floods

are common. In some low-income settlements, flooding

may be severe.

ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (AMA)

CONDITIONS

One of the most rapidly growing cities in Africa.

City has 1,632 km of roads, of which 1,310 km are paved.

Road network is inadequate to handle rapidly growing

vehicle fleet. Traffic is often congested all day.

Main roads are paved, but often lack markings and road

signs. Few streets have signs indicating their name.

Several major roads are being upgraded. Backups may

occur near construction zones, especially if detours

cannot handle increased traffic flow.

Drivers may drive on shoulders to skirt backups. Police

are increasing enforcement of law prohibiting this

practice.

Streets are often poorly lit. Main intersections may lack stop

signs or traffic lights.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Ghana; one of Africa’s largest cities. Population is

over 2,300,000.

Distances between Accra’s popular destination are long.

Walking may be difficult due to congested traffic and

inadequate pedestrian facilities.

Be alert for missing manhole covers.

Traffic congestion increases road risk for cyclists. Traffic

includes few cyclists.

Public transportation is inadequate to meet needs of city’s

rapidly growing population. Wait times at stations/terminals

and stops are often long.

Tro-tros (minibuses or minivans) are city’s primary public

transport providers. Vehicles are often old and in poor

condition; generally overloaded. Wait time may be long.


CITY INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (AMA) (CONTINUED)

CONDITIONS

Road risk is high on major inter-city routes, including Accra-

Kumsai Road, Accra-Cape Coast Road and Accra-Ho Road.

Arterial, inter-city roads are being upgraded.

Number of traffic control police has more than doubled.

Greater Accra’s most heavily congested roads:

Kaneshie-Mallam-Kasoa Highway, also known as

Winneba Road.

Achimota-Ofankor Road, also known as Nsawam Road.

Legon-Madina-Adenta Road.

Spintex Road.

High Street in Accra’s Central Business District.

Congestion is usually most severe in CBD, especially

near Central Post Office and in Korle-Bu neighborhood.

Travel times are long on unimproved streets. Commonly

takes 4 hours to complete a 30 minute trip.

Nkrumah Avenue and Kojo Thompson Road are Accra’s

primary north-south routes. Roads link Jamestown district to

Kwame Nkrumah Circle, also known as “The Circle”.

Be alert for vendor stands on secondary routes.

Pedestrian traffic is extremely heavy.

Sewerage system is sub-standard or non-functional.

Upgrades are in progress in city center.

Streets in poorer suburbs often unpaved, crooked, narrow

and unlit.

Population density is high in low-income areas. Housing

quality is often poor. Access to basic services is inadequate.

Low-income areas include:

Old Fadama/Agbobloshie, a squatter settlement, located

near the city.

Ashaiman area, located near the city.

Jamestown, Sabon Zongo, Chorkor and Nima Labadi,

located close to city center.

Cattle markets are becoming increasingly common in

residential areas, even along Kanda Highway. The practice is

illegal, due to health concerns. Attempts to enforce the law

are met with opposition. Police do not enforce the law.

Kokota International Airport, Ghana’s only international

airport, is located 10 km (6.2) miles from city center. Serves

flights from North America, Europe, Africa and Middle East.

Regional flights to larger cities in Ghana and most West

African countries are available.

STC buses provide transport between Cotonou (Benin), Accra (Ghana) and Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire).

Facilities for disabled travelers are limited.

Taxi services at the airport:

Official airport taxis charge fixed fares. Reserve at

airport’s official taxi stands. Board at exit near Arrivals.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Drivers follow set routes. Stops may not be marked.

When approaching stops, driver’s assistant shouts

names of upcoming destinations.

Lorry stations (parking lots where tro-tros and taxis wait for

passengers) are often congested and in poor condition.

During rains, stations may be difficult to navigate,

forcing drivers to park on neighboring streets.

Expect congestion and increased pedestrian traffic near

the stations.

Commercial vehicles serving the stations are generally

in poor condition and overcrowded.

Inter-City State Transport Company (STC) is the primary

provider of inter-city transportation. Company operates fleets

of buses, tro-tros and taxis.

Most minibuses leave from depot between Kinbu Road and

28th February Road. Minibuses to Labadi and Osu leave from

depot on High Street.

Kaneshie-Takoradi Station is located in city center at

intersection of Sixth Ave. and Morocco Rd.

Sale of alcoholic beverages is not permitted at city’s bus

stations.

TAXIS

Few taxis have meters. Agree on fare before boarding. Ask

hotel staff or residents about usual fares for intended

destination. Drivers may overcharge foreigners. Bargain for

lower fare.

Fares are higher for metered taxis, but road risk is lower than

for shared taxis

Carry small bills. Drivers seldom make change.

Taxis can be hailed. Drivers often honk at potential

customers.

Taxi drivers may know names of major streets, but are

seldom familiar with smaller roads. Drivers often have

difficulty reading maps. They generally use prominent

landmarks to reach destinations. Have route written down;

identify landmarks along route.

Line taxis, also known as collective, shared or passenger

taxis, follow specific routes.

Okadas (motorcycle taxis) provide transport between

neighborhoods and main bus routes. High road risk. Drivers

use narrow alleys and walkways to bypass congested roads.

MMT’s VDL buses transport passengers between BRT

stations and suburbs.

Buses arrive at BRT stations every 15 minutes.

Passengers can only board or disembark at fixed stops.

Purchase ticket from conductor or ticket booth. Pay with

exact change.



ACCRA METROPOLITAN AREA (AMA) (CONTINUED)

CONDITIONS

Taxis hailed outside airport may charge higher fares

than official airport taxis.

Shared taxis (minibuses, known as tro-tros) are

available in a public parking lot across street from

Arrivals Hall.

Limousine service is available. Reserve at least 2 days

before arrival

Hotels rated 3 star and above often have a shuttle

service to and from airport. Confirm hours of service

prior to arrival.

Airport has rental car offices. Reserve prior to arrival.

Rates are higher if vehicle is driven outside Accra. Toyota

Land Cruisers are popular rental vehicles and are readily

available.

Hiring a driver when renting a vehicle is common and

reasonably affordable.

USEFUL INFORMATION

BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM

Metro Mass Transit (MMT) operates Accra’s Bus Rapid

Transit (BRT) system. BRT buses run on dedicated lanes.

BRT corridor links Adenta to Central Business District

and Kwame Nkrumah Circle. Service every 15 minutes.

Purchase ticket in advance at ticket booths near stops.

Insist on receiving an unused ticket.

Do not throw ticket away. Failure to have a ticket when

disembarking is subject a fine of 15 times the cost of the

ticket.

Smoking, drinking and eating on buses is not permitted.

Press stop button in the middle of bus to notify driver

when you want to disembark.

Board through “in” door.

NORTH-EAST ACCRA

Travel times to reach Accra’s central business district are long. Roads linking the zone and CBD are generally congested

during the day. Long delays at major intersections are common.

Roads are in poor condition. Drainage facilities are inadequate, making low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding in heavy rains.

Some older roads have been cut off by newer roads, creating missing links in the road network. Makes navigating city’s road

network difficult. Parking is scarce. Pedestrian facilities are inadequate.

WESTERN ACCRA

A rapidly growing suburb in Greater Accra Region. Located near Accra-Cape Coast Highway.

West Hills Mall, a massive shopping, business and recreational area is under construction.

An interchange with Accra-Cape Coast Highway will provide access to the mall.

AFLAO

CONDITIONS

Located at a major border crossing with Togo.

City is served by Trans-Africa Highway 7. The section

TAH 7 linking Accra to Lome is commonly known as

Aflao Road or Accra-Aflao Road. After crossing the

border with Togo, road is known as Boulevard du Mono.

Secondary roads are often in poor condition.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Coastal town; located in Volta Region across the border from

Lome, Togo. There are few tourist facilities.

Main enterprises include trading, fishing, farming and border

crossing activities.

ROAD CONDITIONS IN AKUAPEM NORTH DISTRICT

Akuapem North District is part of Ghana’s Eastern Region.

Road classifications:

Main roads link Aburi to Asukwao and Larteh to Koforidua roads.

Secondary roads are usually all-weather roads.

Third class (feeder) roads link villages to secondary roads. Most are unpaved or have laterite surfaces and are generally

impassable in rainy season. Primarily used to transport farm produce to market.

Footpaths and tracks link villages to farms. Generally impassable in the rainy season.



ROAD CONDITIONS IN AKUAPEM NORTH DISTRICT (CONTINUED)

Villages in the northern part of the district are the least accessible.

Conditions of roads: 41% good, 24% fair and 36% poor.

About 25% of roads are under construction. Reduce speed near construction zones. Be alert for pedestrians and cyclists.

Most urban roads in Adukrom, Larteh, Akropong, Apirede and Mangoase have been repaired and paved. Repair and paving of

urban roads in cities along Akuapem Ridge is progressing.

Mamfe-Pantang/Accra road is being upgraded.

Roads scheduled to be upgraded: Dawu, Aburi, Mamfe, Amanokrom, Obosomase, Mampong and Larteh bypasses, Akropong-

Daakye Clinic Road, Mampong Market Road, road to police station and Tetteh Quarshie Cocoa farm have been tarred and

chipped.

CONDITION OF URBAN ROADS:

Roads commonly have deep potholes and gullies.

On-street parking is seldom available.

Road signs are generally lacking.

Public transportation is provided by minibuses, taxi cabs, motor-bicycles, tractors and bicycles.

Vehicles on village roads often in poor condition.

Most public transportation vehicle drivers do not come into villages because the roads are in poor condition.

ASHAIMAN

CONDITIONS

Main roads are in poor condition, including city center roads.

Roads are dusty in dry season and impassable in rainy

season.

Road linking Adjei-Kojo Underpass to Ashaiman Timber

Market Roundabout: Upgrading to a 4-lane, divided highway

has stopped. Road is in extremely poor condition.

Commercial drivers may take alternative routes, causing

them to be congested.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Ashaiman Municipality.

Ashaiman Main Lorry Station is heavily congested. Limited

parking. Buses must wait their turn to enter the station and

pick up passengers. Station congestion overflows onto

neighboring streets.

BAWKU

An economic hub in Upper East Region. Main road serving city: National Highway 11 (N11); also known as Bolgatanga-

Zebilla-Bawku-Pusiga Road.

N11 is major trade route linking Bolgatanga and Bawku to Sinkasse (Cinkasi) Togo. Road is 2-lane, unpaved and in poor

condition. Section from Bawku has been upgraded. Bawku to Togo border is being upgraded.

BOLGATANGA MUNICIPALITY

CONDITIONS

Main roads serving the city:

N11: Bolgatanga - Bawku Road.

N10: Bolgatanga to Paga Road.

Main economic activities are crafts industries. Goods are

sold at city’s large, central market.

Traffic is congested during rush hour and on market days.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Upper East region in northeastern Ghana.

Located in Red Volta River Valley, 161 km (about 100 miles)

north of Tamale. White Volta River and Gambaga

Escarpment (a long, steep slope separating two level or

gently sloped regions) are south of city.

Bicycles and motorcycles are most common forms of

motorized transport. Motorcycles are often used to transport

goods and smaller animals.

CAPE COAST

CONDITIONS

Road network is inadequate to handle growing population.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Located in Ghana’s Coastal Plain Region.



CAPE COAST (CONTINUED)

CONDITIONS

Poor driver behaviors at intersections and heavy vehicular

and pedestrian traffic contribute to frequent road crashes.

Crashes are most frequent at Pedu Junction on Cape Coast-

Takoradi trunk road, TAH 7.

Many streets are narrow, especially in the historic city center.

Streets generally lack sidewalks, forcing pedestrians onto

roads.

Buildings are often located close to edges of roads; making

road expansion difficult.

Motorcycles and bicycles are commonly used for transport.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Cape Coast Castle is a UNESCO World Heritage slave fort.

STC buses provide transport to Accra and Takoradi twice

daily and to Kumasi once daily. Buses operate out of Goil

Petrol Station; located at Pedu Junction, about 5 km from

city center.

Trotros provide transport to Cape Coast and Elmina. They

leave from Kaneshie Station in Accra.

Taxis and shared taxis provide transport in city and nearby

areas.

MMT provides transport between city and Kumasi, Accra,

Praso, Atobiase, Asuansi, Berease, Dwabo and Komenda.

GUABULIGA

CONDITIONS

A sand road links the village to Wulugu, a small city on

arterial route leading to Bolgatanga and Ghana-Burkina Faso

border. The road is generally heavily damaged during the

rainy season.

Main industry is farming.

Located in West Mumprusi District in Upper East Region.

District has 476 km of roads of which 116 km are trunk roads

and 360 km are feeder roads.

19 km of truck roads are paved and 97 km are gravel.

211 km of feeder roads need to be re-graveled and 149

need major upgrading to make them passable all year.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Small village in West-Mamprusi District in northeastern

Ghana.

Inter-city bus transportation is available in Wulugu.

Most residents live in mud huts.

There is a small hospital in Walewale, capital of the district.

Serious cases must be referred to Bolgatanga Central

Hospital, or Baptist Medical Centre in Nalerigu.

Road conditions limit access to healthcare available in

neighboring districts.

HAMALE

CONDITIONS

Located in northwestern section of Upper West Region near

the Ghana-Burkina Faso border.

To reach Hamale from Wa:

Take Wa-Lawra Road north to Nadawli. Road forks at

Nadawli.

Take right fork and continue to Nandom and Hamale.

Road becomes N20 after entering Burkina Faso.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Tro-tros and Metro Mass buses provide transport from

Hamale to Wa. Service is infrequent.

Road between Hamale and Bolgatanga passes through

sparsely populated areas.

Expect police checkpoints along route.

Robberies have occurred, especially at night.

HO

CONDITIONS

Road crashes are frequent on main road linking city to

Accura.

Roads are generally paved only in city center.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Volta Region. Located in southeastern Ghana.

Shared taxis provide transport. When hailed, drivers slow

down and ask where you are going. If your destination is on

their route, driver stops and allows you to board.



KETA MUNICIPALITY

CONDITIONS

Municipality’s road network:

Havedzi-Keta-Anloga-Dabala Road runs along Keta’s

coast. Road begins at Anyanui, a city near where Volta

River empties into Sea of Guinea. Road ends near Denu

where it intersects with Accra-Aflao Road.

Cities of Abor, Anyako and Hatorgodo in northern Keta

are accessible via secondary roads. Nearby farming

communities are accessible via feeder roads.

Many small villages lack all-weather roads and are

inaccessible in rainy season. Head loading or push carts

are commonly used to transport goods to market.

In the dry season, roads are often covered with sand,

making walking or pushing loaded carts difficult.

Gavivina Beach, Cape Coast Beach and Mishiso Beach

feeder roads have been upgraded.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Severe flooding is common.

Lagoons in the area are important for transportation and

fishing industries. Largest lagoons are Keta, Angaw and Avu.

Extensive mangrove swamps line the lagoons. Mangroves

provide some protection during severe storms.

KETE KRACHI

CONDITIONS

Kete Krachi-Bimbila-Dumbai Road serves the city.

Ferry service linking the city to Kwadjokrom is closed.

Travel between Accra and Kete Krachi takes 15 hours.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Located in Volta Region; capital of Krachi West District.

KPANDO DISTRICT

CONDITIONS

Located in Volta Region.

Most roads are narrow, unpaved, in poor condition and lack

adequate drainage.

In rural areas, feeder roads are impassable in rainy season.

Inadequate drainage make roads vulnerable to erosion,

especially in hilly areas.

Erosion carves deep gullies in roads, making them

difficult to navigate even in dry season.

Roads most affected by erosion: Vakpo to Botoku Road,

Awate Road, Tsyome-Sabadu Road, Kpando-Alavanyo-

Kpeme Road, Agbenorxoe- Dafor Tornu-Nkonya Road,

Vakpo-Wusuta Road, Anfoega-Wademaxe-Aveti Road

and Anfoega Gblenkor-Agatanyigbe-Aveme Beme

Road.

USEFUL INFORMATION

In urban areas, houses and business are near roads.

Sidewalks are usually lacking.

Lake Volta forms the district’s western boundary, making the

district accessible by water. Water transport is slowly

improving. Submerged trees are being removed from lake.

More transport vessels and safe landing sites are needed.

Large markets are available in Torkor and Kpando. There are

smaller markets in Anfoega and Vakpo. Market infrastructure

and support facilities are inadequate. Parking areas are

usually unpaved;difficult to navigate in rainy season.

Vakpo Market has been relocated. Roads link Vakpo to

Wusuta, Botoku, Tsrukpe, Tsorxoe Anfoega and Kpeve.

Infrastructure and support facilities are inadequate.

KOFORIDUA

CONDITIONS

Educational, commercial, industrial and agricultural center.

Aburi-Koforidua-Bunso Road provides an alternate route

between northern and southern Ghana. Road is heavily

traveled and in poor condition; has frequent crashes.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Eastern Region; commonly known as K-dua.

A rail and road transportation hub.

Koforidua–Accra Lorry Park (Bus Station) is being

upgraded. Completed improvements include paved parking

lot and stands for traders.



KUMASI (ALSO SPELLED COMASSIE)

CONDITIONS

Transportation hub. Several major roads serve the city:

Kumasi-Accra Road, N2: heavy truck traffic. Upgrading

to 4 lanes is partially completed. Unimproved sections

are in poor condition.

Kumasi-Techiman Road: major truck route; provides

access to border of Burkina Faso.

Suniyani Road: continues to border with Cote d’Ivoire

Lake Road: begins at intersection with Maxwell Rd. and

Osei /Tutu I Ave. in Kumasi city center. Ends at

intersection with Ejisu-Bekwai Rd. near Bosomtwi

Lake.

Bekwai Road: enters western Kumasi and ends at

intersection with Dr. Osei Tuffour Bypass.

Traffic is congested.

Construction of a pedestrian footbridge across Guggisberg

Road has been completed. Footbridge provides access to

Fulla Road in city center’s Adum district.

Vendor stands on footbridge increase pedestrian.

LARGEST MARKETS

Open-air markets are popular shopping destinations. Large

fires occur about once a year.

Largest open-air markets: Kumasi Central Market and Asfo

Market; located beside each other.

Kejetia Market (Kumasi Central Market) is located at Kejetia

Circle near railway station and bus loading yard. Thousands

of traders from Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Togo

offer goods at market stands.

Stands are closely packed; linked by winding paths.

Lack of adequate access routes hinders fire/rescue

efforts during emergencies.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Ashanti Region; located near Lake Bosumtwi in a

tropical rainforest region. Ghana’s second largest city. A

commercial, industrial and cultural center.

Government-operated metro bus service offers

transportation.

Privately owned buses, mini-buses, tro-tros and taxis are

main providers of public transportation.

Tro-tros run fixed routes.

Taxis may also run fixed routes. Fares are higher and

ride is more comfortable.

Lake Bosumtwi (also spelled Bosomtwe), a popular

recreation area, is located 30 km from city. Lake is

surrounded by 30 villages. Small clinic in Amakom village

provides emergency care via boat and 4WD ambulance.

KUMASI AIRPORT

Ghana’s second busiest airport; located in city’s eastern

suburban area.

Offers daytime flights to Accra and Tamale. Being upgraded

to an international airport.

There are smaller markets in city’s New Tafo, Old Tafo,

Aboabo, Afia Kobi, Bantama, Kwadaso, Asaeasi and New

Amakom suburbs. Markets are located where suburbs’ main

roads intersect with city’s ring road.

Unofficial mini-markets are set up along waterways and

roads, near fire hydrants and unoccupied land. Be alert for

vehicles and people entering and leaving road near vendor

stands.

KEJETIA MARKET IN CENTRAL KUMASI: OVERLOOKING THE MARKET AND CITY CENTER

Source: Wikimedia Commons, by David Ley.

Security measures for Kejetia:

Traffic management and law enforcement

are difficult in the market due to congestion.

City guards assist police handling traffic,

minor crimes and illegal hawking. Other

crimes are referred to market police.

CCTV cameras, installed around the market,

help police to detect criminal activities.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Kumasi.jpg



LEGON

A suburb of Accra; located 12 km north of Accra’s city center.

Home of University of Ghana and other educational institutions.

About 20 minutes from Kotoka International Airport.

Roads serving University of Ghana are in disrepair and are being re-paved. Affected roads include:

Annie Jiagge Road Extension, accessed from Kwabenya Road.

Achimota Road, from Link Gate to South Legon Exit Gate.

Link Road, between United Nations Hall and PRESEC Junction near Legon-Madina Road.

University Hospital Road to Trinity Theological Seminary Junction.

Jubilee Hall Link Road, linking the University’s new halls.

When completed, a toll will be charged for using the roads. Project is nearing completion.

SEKONDI-TAKORADI

CONDITIONS

Commercial, industrial and transport hub. Main industries

are timber, oil, minerals, ship building and railway repair.

Known as Oil City of Ghana; population is growing rapidly.

Road network is insufficient to handle growing population.

Traffic is often congested.

Rush hours: 6:00 am to 9:00 am and 4:00 pm to 7:00 pm.

Kwesimetim to Ajep Road is most congested arterial route.

Heavily congested intersections: Sekondi Road and Takoradi

Poly Junction, Sekondi Bypass and Tanokrom Road.

Paa Grant Circle and Nkrumah Circle are often heavily

congested.

Kwmae Nkumah Circle is often congested during rush hours.

Expect delays.

TAKORADI MARKET CIRCLE

Takoradi Market Circle is one of city’s economic and

commercial hubs.

Major roads serving the market: John Mensah Sarbah Road,

Cape Coast Road, Liberation Road, Ashanti Road and

Ahanta Road.

Authorities do not restrict illegal hawking.

Hawkers take over sidewalks and parking places, restricting

pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

Sanitation is poor. People place solid wastes in gutters meant

for disposal of liquids, causing flooding during heavy rains.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan District; located in

Ghana’s Western Region.

City consists of two ports, Sekondi and Takoradi. The cities

merged in 1946.

Home of many colleges and technical training institutions.

Availability of public transportation is inadequate.

Taxis are the most commonly used from of travel.

City is located on main railway lines serving Kumasi and

Accra.

Truck restrictions: Vehicles weighing more than three tons

are not permitted to enter Takoradi city center.

TAKORADI AIRPORT

An Air Force base; currently handles all flights to the

Western Region. Air traffic is increasing. Planning to

construct a new airport.

Sekondi and Takoradi port areas:

Source: © OpenStreetMaps Contributors

TAMALE

CONDITIONS

Tamale has a total of 251.60 km of roads, 112 km of which

are paved and 139 km are unpaved—approximately 47 % are

in poor condition.

USEFUL INFORMATION

STC buses provide inter-city transport. Buses are generally

air-conditioned. Seats are comfortable. STC station is located

opposite Ghana Commercial Bank.



TAMALE (CONTINUED)

CONDITIONS

One-half of Tamale’s roads are in good or fair condition.

About 80% of residents own bicycles or motorcycles: few

own cars.

Many daily trips are by foot, bicycle, motorbike, taxi or tro-

tro.

Bike path system over 60 km long is integrated with

other transportation modes, including taxis and lorries.

Special signaling is provided for cyclists at traffic lights

and zebra crossings.

Lock bicycle when not in use.

Bicycle repair shops are readily available.

USEFUL INFORMATION

STC buses serve routes between Tamale, Accra and Kumasi.

Buses stop at main cities along route. Passengers may

disembark at any stop, but must pay full fare. Purchase ticket

at least one day in advance.

Metro Mass provides bus services betweenAccra, Tamale,

Kumasi, Bolgatanga, Wa and Larabanga/Mole National Park.

Tro-Tros provide inter-city transport to Bolgatanga, Yendi,

Makongo, Salaga, Kimtampo, Techiman, Kumasi, Sunyani,

Wenchi, Wa, Damango and Larabanga.

Tro-tro station is located on Bolgatanga Road next to

STC-station. Ask for help to find tro-tro serving

your destination. Purchase ticket after boarding.

Drop taxis and shared taxis provide transport in the city.

Taxis are usually yellow and gray. Most vehicles are old and

in poor condition.

Shared taxis follow fixed routes. Route generally runs

through city center. Fares are fixed. Drivers can operate

as drop taxis, but fares for drop taxi service are higher

than shared taxi fares.

Drop taxis do not follow fixed routes. Fares are not

fixed. Negotiate fare before boarding.

TEMA

CONDITIONS

Ghana’s largest port. A major trading and industrial center.

Well planned city; streets follow a grid pattern. Street lights

are present.

TAH 7 goes through the city. Section in the city is known as

the Accra-Tema Motorway. Motorway is congested. Section

in Tema is in poor condition; scheduled to be upgraded.

After leaving Tema, road name changes to Accra-Aflao

Road.

Road improvements nearing completion:

Upgrading drainage facilities is completed on most of

the city’s main roads.

Repaving is completed on 11.2 km of the 12 km project,

including Rana Motors Roundabout, Tema

Development Corporation Road, Tema Sports Stadium

intersection, Harbor Roundabout and Tema Community

One Central Business Area.

Tar and chipping is finished on 4 km of road linking

Mankoadze Roundabout, Cocoa Processing Company

and Nestle Ghana Limited to the junction at Tema Steel

Works.

Traffic may be heavily congested near construction

zones.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Capital of Tema Metropolitan District. Located on the

Atlantic coast, 25 km (16 miles) east of Accra.

City’s fishing harbor is located at eastern end of the

commercial harbor.

Port includes the Outer Fishing Harbor, Canoe Basin and

Inner Fishing Harbor and commercial fish processing

facilities.

Dry equatorial climate. Average temperature: 30º C or higher.

City receives about 30 inches of rain annually.

Thieves use motorcycles to carry out robberies, and purse

snatching activities.



WENCHI MUNICIPALITY

CONDITIONS & USEFUL INFORMATION

Located in Brong Ahafo Region. City of Wenchi is 56 km from Sunyani and 29 km from Teichman.

Three major roads link Wenchi to neighboring districts:

Kumasi-Techiman-Wa Highway

Wenchi-Nsawkaw Road

Wenchi-Sunyani: In poor condition and inadequately maintained. High crash rate.

Feeder roads connecting with main roads are generally in poor condition; often impassable in rainy season. Travel is difficult.

Tractors are the most efficient means of transport in the rainy season.

Most public transportation is provided by urvan buses, also known as tro-tros.

Bush fire risk is high during harmattan winds, which commonly occur between November and February.

RURAL TRAVEL

Maintenance and condition of roads is often poor.

Except for main roads, most inter-city and rural roads

are unpaved.

Dirt roads are often deeply rutted or damaged by

erosion.

Feeder roads link rural cities and towns to national

road network. Roads are often in poor condition and

inadequately maintained.

Roads may be narrowed by overgrown vegetation.

Be alert for pedestrians and cyclists walk along

roads, carrying goods on their heads (known as

head loading).

Houses, businesses and vendor stands are

frequently constructed too close to roads.

Roads may be impassable in rainy season.

Guard rails and warning signs are often lacking, even

on mountainous roads.

During heavy rains, mud or sand may be deposited on

roads, making them too narrow for two-way traffic.

Deep potholes force drivers to swerve onto opposite

lane, causing collisions.

Be alert for exposed roots of trees on unpaved roads.

Reduce speed.

Be alert for pedestrians and bicyclists.

Many trips in remote rural areas are made via a

network of footpaths or tracks. Network may be in

poor condition, especially in rainy season.

Road improvements in such areas may involve

upgrading tracks and footpaths to one-lane, all

weather roads. Trees are often planted and wells

drilled near the roads to make non-motorized

travel easier.

Road crashes generally are more severe on rural roads.

Lack of all-weather road network restricts access to

medical facilities.

Electricity is not available in many rural areas, but

power infrastructure is being steadily expanded.

Solar powered street lights are being installed in

farming communities.

Mole National Park is located 5 km from Larabanga in

the Northern Region. Larabanga is accessible from an

unpaved road linking Sawla on Kumasi-Wa Road to

Fufulsa on Kumasi-Tamale Road. Road is in poor

condition. Park entrance is 5 km from Larabanga.

Buses and tro-tros provide transport to the park.

NIGHT TRAVEL

Traveling outside major cities at night is not

recommended due to pedestrians, cyclists and farm

animals.

Some drivers do not use headlights at night due to

belief that it lengthens battery life.

Broken down vehicles left on roads pose a risk.

Long-distance, heavy goods vehicle drivers often drive

for extended hours.

Privately owned buses may offer night routes. Low

safety standard of private buses increases crash risk for

all road users. Majority of Americans who die while in

Ghana are involved in nighttime road crashes.

PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL

Sidewalks are often lacking.

Where sidewalks are present they are often taken over

by vendors and parked vehicles, forcing pedestrians

onto streets.

There is little provision for separating pedestrian and

motorized traffic.

Few intersections have pedestrian crossings.

Pedestrian overpasses or underpasses are seldom

provided.

Pedestrians frequently jaywalk.


High-speed motorways are often go through residential

areas. Long distances between underground pedestrian

crossings and overpasses contribute to frequent jay

walking.

Fences intended to prevent pedestrians from

jaywalking have been installed in medians of many

major highways.

Fences are often damaged in crashes or cut through

so pedestrians can continue to take shortcuts.

Pedestrians account for 43% of road crash fatalities.

23% of pedestrian crash fatalities are children under 16

years of age.

SEASONAL TRAVEL

Located near the equator; Ghana has a tropical climate.

Temperatures are generally hot, but vary with season

and elevation.

Average temperature increases and humidity

decreases as you go further north.

Temperature is often milder in central highlands.

Humidity is usually higher in coastal areas.

Northern Ghana is generally hot and dry, except in

rainy season (April to September).

In rainy seasons, flooding is common in northern

regions.

Rainy season:

Northern Ghana has one, long rainy season; from

April through September. Average annual rainfall

is lower than in central and southern Ghana.

Central and southern Ghana have two rainy

seasons, April-June and September-November.

The far southwest may have extremely heavy rains.

Hottest months are March and April. Humidity is lower

in northern regions, but temperatures are higher.

HARMATTAN WINDS

Harmattan winds are hot, dry, dust bearing winds that

develop in the Sahara Desert and continue south to

Gulf of Guinea. Temperature may drop to 3ºC and

relative humidity may drop to 15%.

Often called “harmattan haze,” winds produce

conditions similar to driving in heavy fog and may

affect wide areas from morning until afternoon.

Flight schedules may change when visibility drops

too low. Affects all forms of transportation.

Wind-driven dust and sand damages mechanical

systems and pose a health risk. Remain indoors.

Harmmatan season lasts longer in northern than in

southern regions of Ghana.

In northern Ghana, winds usually occur from

December- March. Humidity is lower, days are

hotter and nights are colder.

In central and southern Ghana, the winds generally

occur in January-March.

Tornadoes can develop when monsoon and harmattan

winds interact.

Accra’s dry season runs from December - February.

Kumasi is located 300 miles (480 km) north of equator;

has a tropical wet and dry climate.

Rainy seasons: March-July and September-

November.

Dry season: December-February. Harmattan winds

are common during dry season.

Road fatality rate usually increases during national

holidays.

For information on festivals is available on Easy Track

Ghana. Website: http://easytrackghana.com/cultural-

overview-ghana_festivals.php. Dates of many festivals

are set by local chiefs, often shortly before the date

they designate.

Road fatality rate is highest in November and

December.

POLICE ENFORCEMENT

Police are understaffed; equipment and resources are

inadequate.

Enforcement of BAC laws, speed limits and

motorcycle helmet laws is moderately effective.

Requirement for infants and young children to be

secured in a safety seat is seldom enforced.

Police and DVLA are conducting random blood

alcohol level checks along high risk route. Drivers

exceeding legal BAC level must surrender vehicles

keys on the spot. Police will call for a relief driver.

Speed cameras are used on some highways.

Police checkpoints are common throughout the

country. Occupants and vehicles may be searched.

Carry passport, visa and vehicle documents.

Police presence in small communities in Bolgatanga

Municipality is limited.

Police often accept bribes to ignore traffic violations.

Department is working to eliminate the practice.

Harmmatan haze over Mosque

in Abuja

Source: Wikimedia Commons,

photo taken by Kipp Jones

http://easytrackghana.com/cultural-overview-ghana_festivals.php

http://easytrackghana.com/cultural-overview-ghana_festivals.php

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/MosqueinAbuja.jpg


ROAD REGULATIONS

Traffic drives on the right.

An international driving permit (IDP) is required. An

IDP is a legal identification document that translates

driving license information into 11 languages,

including English, and can only be used as a

supplement to a valid driving license. IDPs are

available through AAA. Call 1-800-222-4357 or visit

www.aaa.com.

An IDP often allows travelers to get through

routine checkpoints more smoothly.

Minimum driving age in Ghana and most neighboring

countries is 18 when driving a vehicle that does not

exceed 3,500 kg and is constructed to carry no more

than eight passengers in addition to driver.

Seat belts are required. About 18% of drivers and 5%

of front seat passengers wear seat belts.

Occupants of buses are required to use seat belts.

Maximum BAC levels:

Young or novice drivers: zero g/dl

Experienced drivers: 0.08 g/dl

Commercial/professional drivers: 0.08 g/dl

Speed limits on public roads:

Urban areas: 50 km/h (31 mph)

Regional and rural roads: 80 km/h (50 mph)

Ghana,

National Roads: 120 km/h (75 mph)

Motorways: 120 km/h (75 mph)

Loaded HGVs: 60 km/h (37 mph)

Speed limits are lower in construction zones, but never

less than 30 km/h (19 mph).

Passing is illegal when approaching intersections,

pedestrian crossing, bridges, sharp curves, hills or

sections where road narrows.

Passing on the right is not permitted on motorways.

On 4-lane divided highways:

Keep right when driving at a moderate speed.

Use left lane only for passing.

On 6-lane divided highways:

Keep right when driving at a moderate speed.

Use middle lane when driving faster than traffic in right lane.

Use far left lane only for passing.

Front and back seat belts are required in imported cars

but are not in vehicles manufactured in Ghana.

Using a hand-held or hands-free cellphone, texting or

operating a TV monitor on the dashboard while driving

is illegal.

Drivers using a cell phone while driving are 4

times more likely to be involved in a crash.

Recommendations :

Navigation devices are helpful, especially when

traveling in remote areas. They should be built into

or securely mounted on the vehicle.

Screens of television receivers or visual display

units should not be visible to vehicle driver or to

drivers of other vehicles.

Do not drive on sections of road marked with yellow

diagonal lines.

Right of way at intersections lacking stop signs or

traffic lights:

Yield to traffic on your left.

When driving on a non-priority road, yield to traffic on

the priority road.

When entering roundabouts, yield to traffic coming

on the left.

When entering a motorway, yield to traffic already on

the road.

Cars with a foreign registration are not permitted on

roads from 6:00pm to 6:00am. Violations may result in

fine and impounding of vehicle.

IF INVOLVED IN A CRASH:

Call the police. Ph: 191 or 3906.

Arrange for transport of the injured to nearest hospital

or call the National Ambulance service. Ph: 193.

Place reflective triangles 45 meters in front of and

behind crash scene to warn oncoming drivers.

Take photos of crash scene, if camera is available.

Do not admit responsibility for a crash until talking

with ECOWAS Brown Card insurance agent.

FOREIGN DRIVERS:

Report crash to ECOWAS Brown Card office. See back

of card for contact information.

After confirming your membership, ECOWAS will

send a letter to police, asking them to return vehicle

documents to you.

If vehicle breaks down:

If possible, move vehicle out of flow of traffic.

Place reflective triangles 45 meters in front of and

behind vehicle.

http://www.aaa.com/


If vehicle is obstructing traffic flow, leave your

name, address and phone number at nearest police

station. If vehicle cannot be moved within 1 hour

in urban area or 2 hours in rural area, it may be

towed. Driver is responsible for towing and storage

fees.

ROAD WATCH

ROAD INFORMATION

TRANS-WEST AFRICAN COASTAL HIGHWAY

Also known as Trans-African Highway 7 (TAH 7); one of the network of trans-national highways being developed in Africa.

Ongoing improvements in Trans-African Highways are reducing travel times and transportation costs in the region.

TAH 7 links many countries in West Africa, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Feeder roads link Mali and Burkina

Faso to the highway.

Road carries about 65% of trade in West and Central Africa. Traffic includes many heavy goods vehicles. 83% of road has

been upgraded.

TRANS-SAHELIAN HIGHWAY

Links Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad. Road is located about 900 km north of runs mostly

parallel to the N1/TAH7.

Major north-south roads linking the N1/TAH7 to Ghana-Burknia Faso border are being upgrade.

N2: Links Tema to Kulungugu in Upper West Region. Road continues as the N5 in Burkina Faso.

N10: Links Yamoransa in the Central Region to Paga in Upper East Region.

N12: Links Elubo in Western Region to Hamile in Upper West Region.

Roads lead to Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou ring road provides access to Trans-Sahelian Highway.

MAJOR ROAD CORRIDORS IN GHANA

Major road corridors being expanded to at least 4-lane highways with 2 lanes in each direction:

Accra-Kumasi Corridor, part of National Highway 4: Links Accra, Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Koforidua and Kumasi.

Accra-Kumasi Corridor, part of National Highway 6.

Accra-Cape Coast Corridor, part of National Highway N1: section links Mallam Junction in Accra to Winneba and Cape

Coast in Central Region.

Cape Coast-Takoradi-Elubo Corridor, part of National Highway N1: section linking Cape Coast to Sekondi-Takoradi and

Elubo in Western Region.

Mallam Junction to Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, part of National Highway N1: Both intersections are in Accra.

Tetteh Quarshie Interchange to Aflao, part of National Highway N1: section links Tetteh Quarshie Interchange and Tema

to Adidone and Aflao in Volta Region.

Kumasi-Techiman, National Highway N10. Links Yemorasa, Kumasi, Techiman, Tamale, Bolgatanga and Paga to the

border of Burkina Faso.

Accra-Takoradi and the Kumasi-Accra highways have high road crash injury and fatality rates. Speeding is especially

dangerous where highways pass through towns and villages. Roads are poorly designed with inadequate pedestrian facilities,

road signs and markings.

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM (TRIP)

TRIP is upgrading 3 major, inter-connecting highways: Kumasi-Techiman Road, Bibiani – Abuakwa Road and Axim Junction

– Tarkwa Road. The network formed by the roads provides access to northern Ghana and to Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger,

landlocked countries located north of Ghana.


ROAD INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

ABIDJAN-LAGOS CORRIDOR

Also known as AL Corridor or the AL. The corridor is part of TAH 7; links Abidjan, Accra and Lagos, capitals of Cote

d’Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria respectively. Corridor roads are being upgraded.

Traffic levels have increased on completed sections of the corridor.

Road crashes have increased. Pedestrians account for over 50% of serious injuries and fatalities.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY 1 (N1): GHANA’S SECTION OF THE CORRIDOR

Part of Trans-African Highway 7 (TAH7).

Links Elubo, Sekondi-Takoradi, Cape Coast, Winneba, Accra, Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Adidome and Aflao.

Many sections of the road go through urban areas.

60-80% of crashes take place in or near urban areas.

Many of the victims are pedestrians crossing the road.

Inadequate enforcement of traffic laws contributes to increased road risk.

Traffic volume is increasing steadily, especially since discovery of oil in Sekondi-Takoradi area. Being upgraded. Upgrades

include widening the road to a 4-lane highway and adding speed bumps on sections with frequent crashes.

Upgrading is completed on Yamoransa – Kasoa, Kasoa-Accra, Tetteh Quarshie – Malam and Tema Akatsi sections.

Upgrading is in progress on Takoradi – Agona Junction and Agona Junction – Elubo sections.

Improvements have reduced travel time. Drivers often speed on improved roads.

TETTEH-QUARSHIE INTERCHANGE TO MALLAM JUNCTION (TQM) SECTION OF N1 HIGHWAY

Mallam Junction Tetteh-Quarshie Interchange

Source: OpenStreetMaps

ACCRA-WINNEBA HIGHWAY

Part of N1 Highway; arterial route with a high road risk. Also known as Accra - Awoshie Road.

Links Accra to main destinations:

Winneba, in Efutu Senya District in the Central Region

Cape Coast, in Central Region

Takoradi, in the Western Region

KASOA AND YAMORANSA ROAD

Part of National Highway (TAH-7); heavily traveled, 2-lane road. Road has been upgraded. Improvements include expanding

road to 4-lane highway, realigning high-risk sections, paving road shoulders, installing road signs, guardrails, bus stops and

speed bumps and improving road surface and drainage facilities.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekondi-Takoradi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Coast

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winneba

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetteh_Quarshie_Interchange



KASOA AND YAMORANSA ROAD (CONTINUED)

Part of National Highway (TAH-7); heavily traveled, 2-lane road. Road has been upgraded. Improvements include expanding

road to 4-lane highway, realigning high-risk sections, paving road shoulders, installing road signs, guardrails, bus stops and

speed bumps and improving road surface and drainage facilities.

Improvements have reduced travel time, but road safety has decreased. Speed bumps are being replaced with speed tables

(wide, raised structures with gentle ramps). They are less likely to cause drivers to lose control of vehicles.

N10 National Highway branches off N1 in Yamoransa. N10 continues north to Kumasi.

N1 continues south to Cape Coast, Sekondi-Tackoradi, Axim and Elubo and border with Cote de’Ivorie. Ends at Ebulo, Ghana

to Noe, Cote d’Ivoire border crossing.

CAPE COAST-TAKORADI ROAD

Heavily traveled road, serving a major port and tourist area. Rumble strips has reduced road risk.

Being upgraded to 4-lane divided highway with 2 lanes in each direction.

SPINTEX ROAD

Main road in Accra. Runs parallel to Accra-Tema Motorway. Some sections have been upgraded to 4-lane divided highway

with two lanes and paved shoulder in each direction.

Traffic backups are common near roundabout at Accra Mall.

Drivers seldom slow down for pedestrians in crossings.

CONGESTED ROADS IN ACCRA

Winneba Road, Graphic Road, Liberation Road, Guggisgerg Ave. High Street, Labadi Road, Burma Camp Road, Lapaz,

Cleland Road, Giffard Road, Teshie Road, Nsawam Road, Kwame Nkrumah Ave., Kwame Nkrumah Motorway, Chorkor Road

and Legon Road.

TESHIE-NUNGUA BEACH ROAD

2-lane, divided road, located in Metro Accra. Being upgraded to 4-lane, divided highway. One side of road is completed.

Improvements have greatly reduced travel time for local commuters and public transportation vehicles.

DODOWA-ACCRA ROAD

Improved road encourages speeding; road claims more than 10 lives a week.

KWAME NKRUMAH CIRCLE

Major intersection in Accra; carries arterial routes linking

suburban areas to Central Business District. Intersection

carries about 84,000 vehicles daily; often heavily congested.

Source © OpenStreetMaps and Contributors

ACCRA-AFLAO ROAD

Paved road; generally in good condition. Part of Trans-West African Coastal Highway 7. Links Accra to Aflao, located on

Ghana-Togo border. Lomé, capital of Togo is directly across border. Crossing may be closed due to tensions between countries.



AWOSHIE-POKUASE ROAD

An arterial route, linking some of Accra’s western and northern suburbs: Awoshie, Anyaa, Ablekuma, Amamorley, Ayawaso

and Pokuase; provides access to National Hiughways N6 and N1.

Being upgraded and expanded to a three-lane divided highway with 3 lanes in each direction.

Both sections have two service lanes, walkways and bicycle lanes on each side.

Several secondary roads are also being upgraded.

NATIONAL ROUTE 2, ALSO KNOWN AS EASTERN CORRIDOR ROAD

Major north-south route; also known as Tema-Ouagadopugou-Bamako Trade Corridor.

2-lane road; some sections are in poor condition. During rainy season, travel may be difficult or impossible on unimproved

sections.

Main cities along route: Tema, Atimpoku, Hohoe, Nkwanta, Bimbilla, Yendi, Gushiegu, Nakpanduri, Bawku and Kulungugu.

Corridor provides a shorter route between Tema port and Ghana-Burkina Faso border. Passes through Greater Accra, Eastern,

Volta, Northern and Upper East regions. Traffic density is higher than on coastal and northern road corridors.

Corridor is being upgraded.

TEMA-AKOSOMBO HIGHWAY

Rumble strips have reduced road risk.

ASIKUMA JUNCTION TO PEKI

Part of Eastern Corridor. 2-lane road; in poor condition. Being upgraded. A wide pedestrian walkway is planned.

NKWANTA-OTI DAMANKO AND ASIKUMA JUNCTION-HOHOE ROADS

Part of Eastern Corridor.

2-lane roads; in poor condition. Being upgraded to all weather roads.

HO-DENU AND HO-ASIKUMA HIGHWAYS

Located in Volta Region in southeastern Ghana. The roads have highest fatality rates in Volta Region.

NAKPANDURI – BAWKU – KULUNGUGU ROAD

Part of Eastern Corridor. Provides access to Ghana-Burkina Faso border. 2-lane road; in poor condition. Being upgraded.

ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS IN UPPER EAST REGION

Bolgatanga township roads that have been upgraded: Navrongo-Tumu Road, Bolgatanga-Bawku roads, Partriga Bridge and

Nyariga Bridge.

KULUNGUGU BRIDGE

Located in Bolgatanga township in Upper East region. Bridge is part of a major border crossing with Burkina Faso. In

extremely poor condition; bridge is closed to heavy goods vehicles.

Border crossing near bridge is part of Eastern Corridor road project. Crossing is scheduled to be upgraded to international

standards.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY 3 (N3)

Links Kpong, Odumase, Oterkpalu, Huhurye, Nkurkan, Koforidua and Suhum.

Road links N2 to N6: Kpong is on the N2, and Suhum is on the N6.



NATIONAL HIGHWAY 4, ACCRA-KUMASI HIGHWAY

Main international transport corridor; goes through several major commercial and agricultural areas in Ghana and provides

access to Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire.

Cities included in route: Accra, Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Koforidua and Kumasi.

CONDITIONS ON UNIMPROVED SECTIONS:

Narrow, 2-lane road; goes through several cities and villages. High road risk. Factors in crashes: Speeding, poor pedestrian

safety facilities, inadequate road signs and markings and blackspots (high crash spots).

Narrow roads make it difficult to pass long vehicles. Disabled vehicles are often left on or beside road with no warning

markers.

ADENTAN-COMMANDO ROAD

Part of N4 Highway. Narrow, heavily potholed, gravel road; in poor condition. Located in Greater Accra Region in Adentan

Municipality, a densely populated area. Links Adenta, Commando and Frafraha.

Road goes through a forested, hilly region. Crosses several streams; inadequate drainage facilities. Often floods during heavy

rains; may be impassable in rainy season.

Vegetation overgrowing road surface has narrowed road from 8 m to 5 m. Limits sight distance.

Major stream crosses a low-lying section of the road. Severe erosion of this section is common in rainy seasons and road may

be temporarily closed.

Scheduled to be widened to 8 meters.

LEGON-MADINA ROAD

Part of N4 Highway. Section through Accra is congested. High road risk.

Hawkers walking between lanes selling their wares.

LEGON-MADINA ROAD, SECTION NEAR OKPONGLO JUNCTION

Part of N4 Highway. Okponglo junction is the main entrance to University of Ghana due to construction on Legon-Madian

Road. High traffic levels; poses a risk to pedestrians crossing the intersection.

ABURI-BUNSO-KOFORIDUA ROAD

2-lane road, currently a detour for bypassing construction zones on Nsawam-Suhum-Apedwa section of N6.

Road crash rate has increased. Be alert for illegally constructed speed bumps.

MAMFE-KOFORIDUA HIGHWAY

Highway; 2-lane arterial route, currently being upgraded. Unimproved sections are heavily potholed, sometimes causing

drivers to lose control of vehicles.

Vegetation overgrows road shoulders in rural areas.

OYOKO-TAFO-BUNSO SECTION OF MAMFE-KOFORIDUA HIGHWAY

Be alert for vehicles backing out of driveways.

Drivers may park on the road while closing or opening driveway gates. Presents a danger to all road users.

PANTANG-MAMFE ROAD

Part of N4 Highway is included in the Tetteh Quarshie Circle to Mamfe Road Rehabilitation Project.

Road is being upgraded.

Sections going through cities run close to houses and businesses. Be alert for people and vehicles entering and leaving road.

MAMFE-ABURI ROAD

2-lane, paved road; in fair to good condition. Goes through Akwapim Ranges north of Accra.

Guardrails, road signs, paved shoulders, center and side road markings have been recently added.



MAMFE-ABURI ROAD (CONTINUED)

There are well lit passing lanes in some mountainous sections.

In unimproved sections, road is in fair condition. Shoulders are generally unpaved. Center line is visible. Lines along sides of

the road are faded or non-existent.

Traffic includes many pedestrians and occasional cyclists.

Road goes through many cities. Sidewalks are often lacking. Houses, small business and vendor stands are close to the road.

Watch out for deep, uncovered or covered, cement trenches. Use caution when parking or walking along road.

ADOMI BRIDGE (SOGAKOPE BRIDGE)

Located at Atimpoku, about 10 km from Akosombo Dam. Bridge carries the N2 National Highway.

Bridge crosses the Lower Volta River near Senchi and Juapong.

Road crossing the bridge is a heavily traveled tourist and commercial route. Long backups are common on weekends. Traffic

includes many trucks.

Repairs to the bridge are scheduled to begin when an alternate route has been upgraded.

Proposed alternate route: Ho-Adidome-Sogakope road, using ferry at Senchi to cross Volta River.

Repairs should take about one year.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY 6 (N6), ALSO KNOWN AS ACCRA-KUMASI ROAD

Main international transport corridor; goes through several major commercial and agricultural areas in Ghana and provides

access to Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire.

Links Kwame Nkrumah Circle-Achimota in Accra, Achimota, Achimota-Ofankor, Ofankor-Nsawam, the Nsawam–Apedwa,

Apedwa-Anyinam, Anyinam-Nkawkaw, Nkawkaw-Asankare and Asankare-Duampompo.

Road is being upgraded to a 4-lane highway with a median. Progress on upgrades has been slow.

Rest stops are rare from Accra to Nkawkaw.

KWAME NKRUMAH CIRCLE TO ACHIMOTA

The circle is part of Accra-Kumasi Highway (N6 Highway). Upgrades are completed. Improvements have greatly reduced

traffic congestion.

ACHIMOTA TO OFANKOR ROAD (ALSO KNOWN AS NSAWAM ROAD)

Part of N6; located in Accra. Road has been upgraded to 8-lane divided highway with 2 express lanes and 2 local access lanes

in each direction.

Local access lanes have laybys for buses, bicycle lanes, pedestrian walkways and 4 pedestrian overpasses.

There are 9 feet wide shoulders for pedestrian shopping.

Ongoing works include installing guard rails and traffic lights.

Completed upgrades have reduced travel time from Neoplan intersection to Ofankor from 4 hours to about 10 minutes.

Continuing hazards:

Median consists of concrete barriers (jersey walls) with guardrails bolted to the top.

The guardrails are too short and too weak to stop larger vehicles.

Many guardrails are badly damaged or totally missing.

Sidewalks are incomplete and construction debris has not been completely removed on some sections.

DOME FOOTBRIDGE, LOCATED ON ACHIMOTA-OFANKOR ROAD

Part of N6. Five pedestrians died when they were struck by speeding vehicles while attempting to scale the road’s retaining

wall and cross the road. All of the crashes occurred under Dome Footbridge (pedestrian overpass).

The road has 4 pedestrian overpasses, placed 1.2 km apart. More overpasses are needed.



NSAWAM-SUHUM-APEDWA ROAD, N6

Part of Accra-Kumasi Highway (N6); a 41 km long, 2-lane road; links Nsawam-Apedwa. Road goes through large cities and

small rural communities.

Being upgraded. Project includes constructing a 9.3 km bypass for Nsawam. Bypass goes through flood plains and rolling

hills. During heavy rains, travel conditions are difficult in construction zones.

Completion of the interchange in Suhum and bypasses for Nsawam, Nkawkaw and Konongo has reduced congestion near city

exits.

Bypasses are unlit.

Nkawkaw Bypass has many speed bumps. Road risk is high at night, especially for pedestrians.

Work on road has stopped. Uncompleted sections are in poor condition. Vehicles may be mired in mud due to heavy rains.

Some sections may flood. Roadside assistance is not readily available.

Road is in extremely poor condition near Asuboi, Amanase, Okorase and Suhum.

Near Suhum, a partially completed toll booth has no warning signals, particularly risky at night.

Road carries international traffic diverted from Abidjan and San Pedro ports in Cote D’Ivoire and provides access to Tema and

Takoradi ports in Ghana.

Suhum Junction on N6

Rumble strips have reduced crashes at “T” intersection between Accra-Kumasi Highway and a main road in Suhum Junction.

KUMASI-EJISU SECTION OF NATIONAL HIGHWAY N6

4 intersections along the route have been converted to roundabouts.

Speed bumps have reduced crashes.

NATIONAL ROAD 10 (N10)

Also known as Yemorasa to Kumasi Road. Major north-south road; part of N10 National Highway. Being upgraded to 4-lane

highway with 2 lanes in each direction.

Road begins at Yemorasa in the Cental Region; branches off Accra-Cape Coast Road (N1 Highway) near Cape Coast and

Moree. N10 continues north from Yemorasa.

Links Yemorasa, Kumasi, Techiman, Tamale, Bolgatanga, Paga to border with Burkina Faso.

KUMASI-TECHIMAN ROAD

Part of N10. Heavily traveled, 2-lane road; major truck route. Many steep sections and tight S-curves with no crash barriers.

High road risk.

Being upgraded to a 4-lane highway with 2 lanes in each direction with a stopping lane from Maakro Junction to Bremang.

Sections from Bremang to Afroncho and Afroncho to Samproso are being upgraded.

AXIM JUNCTION-TARKWA ROAD

2-lane road: being upgraded to a 4-lane highway with 2 lanes in each direction.

ABUKWA-BIBIANI ROAD

2-lane road: being upgraded to a 4-lane highway with 2 lanes in each direction.

KUMASI-MAMPONG-EJURA ROAD, SECTION EXITING KUMASI (ALSO KNOWN AS MAMPONG ROAD)

2-lane, paved road with paved shoulders; in good condition. Section from Kumasi to Pankrona, Ahwiaa, Ntonso, Mampong, and Lake Volta is being expanded to a four-lane divided highway.

SUNYANI ROAD, SECTION EXITING KUMASI

Part of N12 Highway. Being expanded to four-lane divided highway with 2 lanes in each direction.



TARKWA-KUMASI ROAD

Part of N10 Highway. Generally in fair condition; road was not designed to carry large numbers of trucks. Road surface is

deteriorating rapidly. Road is being expanded to four-lane divided highway.

TARKWA-BOGOSO-AYAMFURI ROAD IN THE WESTERN REGION

Part of Tarkwa-Kumasi Road; a 2-lane road; in poor condition. Being upgraded to a paved, all-weather road.

Located in Western Region. Road is part of main corridor linking Ghana’s Central and Brong Ahafo and Western Regions.

Upgraded road will facilitate transport of goods to Takoradi Port and La Cote d’Ivoire.

Sections in major cities are 4-lane with a separate lane for pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles. Road is designed for

maximum load of 13 tons, maximum speed of 100 km/h in rural areas and 50 km/h in cities.

Tarkwa, Bogoso and Ayamfuri are mining towns and trade centers. Traffic includes many trucks.


Links Sawla, Larabanga, Damango and Fufulsu; being upgraded to a 2-lane, paved all-weather road with paved shoulders.

Improvements include installing road signs and adequate drainage facilities.

Located in Northern Region; goes through 3 districts, Central Gonja, West Gonja and Sawla-Tuna-Kalba districts.

Subject to extreme droughts and floods. Low-lying sections are flood-prone; may be impassable after heavy rains. Some

sections are narrow due to erosion of shoulders.


Links Yemorasa, Dunkwa, Fomena, Bekwai and Kumasi.

ASAWINSO-MMREWA ROAD

Narrow, heavily potholed feeder road; many sections are deeply rutted. Inadequate drainage. Road goes through a hilly region

and crosses 5 streams/creeks. Some sections may be impassable in rainy season. Vegetation overgrowth has reduced road to 4

meters. Scheduled to be upgraded.

Located in Bibiani/Anwiase/Bekwai District in Western Region. Links Asawinso, Manse and Mmrewa. About 6 km of the road

goes through Anhwiaso Forest Reserve.

DOMAMA-ADUKROM ROAD

Narrow, potholed, gravel surfaced feeder road. Goes through agricultural and forested areas. Crosses three streams and Subri

River. Vegetation overgrowth has reduced road 3 meters.

Located in Mpohor Wassa East District of Western Region. Links Domama to Adukrom.

DWINASE-KWAMEBOUR ROAD

Located in Sefwi Wiawso District of Western Region. Links Ayirekrom, Abopre, Nzuazua, Nso Nyame Ye, Anglo,

Kwamebour, Kwamebour Shed Krnd Obonu.

Narrow, hilly, gravel feeder road; in poor condition. Goes through hilly agricultural and forested region.

Crosses 20 bodies of water, including Kunzin, Betekye, Ayire, Amokyie, Bropa, Anglo, Damme, Nkoasuo and Nyamanyama

rivers. Inadequate drainage. May be impassable in rainy season. Overgrowth of vegetation has reduced road to 4 meters.

GYAMPERE-KWASIKROM ROAD

Located in Ellembelle District of Western Region. Links Gyampere to Kwasikrom.

Narrow, gravel feeder road; in poor condition. Goes through hilly, forested area. Crosses Ayawura and Ewroku rivers and

several streams. Bridges are generally lacking for smaller creeks.

Drainage facilities are inadequate. May be impassable in rainy season. Inadequate drainage. May be impassable in rainy

season. Overgrowth of vegetation has reduced road to 1.5 meters.



ROAD CONDITIONS IN ANLO AND KETA MUNICIPALITIES IN VOLTA REGION

Over 230 communities are located in flood prone areas. Roads are generally impassable in rainy season. Some roads have been

upgraded to all weather roads.

Completed road improvements:

Agortoe-Tregui-Blemazado-Kpekpo Road: Spot improvements and application of gravel.

Aklorfudzi junction to city of Aklorfudzi: Realignment of road.

Road to Woe Market; located in Woe Township: Realignment of road.

Roads with new layer of gravel: Torkor Shell Bypass, Agavedzi-Afiadenyigba Junction access road, Keta Hospital -

Lagoons Road, Keta Market – Emancipation Feeder Road and KeMA Bungalows feeder road.

Keta Lagoon: Important transportation corridor. Fishing is a leading industry in Avu-Keta sub-region.

A narrow strip of land separates lagoon from Gulf of Guinea. Erosion narrows strip 4 to 8 meters yearly. Structures are

being constructed to reduce erosion and flood risk.

New residential and commercial areas are being constructed on sand reclaimed from the lagoon. An 8.3 km long

Causeway/road linking Keta to Hlorve is open. Road intersects with Accra-Aflao Road in Dura.

ROAD RECOMMENDATIONS

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

BUSES

70% of commercial vehicles are in poor condition and

inadequately maintained. Delays are common.

Before boarding a transport vehicle:

Determine if driver is licensed.

Check insurance and registration stickers displayed

on windshield. Determine if they are current.

Avoid vehicles in poor condition. Bus stations

(lorry stations) may be heavily congested,

especially on weekends.

Requirements to drive a public transportation vehicle:

Must be at least 25 years old.

Must have held a basic license for at least two

years.

Must pass a written and drive test.

Licenses may be purchased, rather than earned.

Inexperienced drivers often drive tro-tros.

Armed robbery on buses is becoming more common,

especially by night.

PRIVATELY OWNED BUSES, MINIBUSES AND TRO-TROS

Public transportation is generally provided by privately

owned taxis, tro-tros and other low-capacity vehicles.

Service is unreliable. Vehicles are often old, in poor

condition, inadequately maintained and break down

often.

Privately owned buses generally do not leave the

station until full.

Tickets for air conditioned buses sell out first. Purchase

in advance.

Buses are involved in about 20% of fatal road crashes.

Majority of fatal crashes occur on major roads near

cities and small towns.

Drivers speed and pass recklessly.

Broken down buses are abandoned on roads with

no warnings.

Buses lacking adequate crash protection, especially

for high-speed collisions

Seats may not be securely anchored.

Sharp edges of metal components are not covered.

GOVERNMENT-OPERATED STC BUSES

State Transport Corporation (STC) provides inter-city

transport on standard or express buses.

STC buses serve most destinations along paved roads.

Passengers can disembark anywhere along the

route. Fare is not reduced if you get off early.

Express buses are air-conditioned and more

comfortable. Transport time is shorter.

Purchase tickets in advance when traveling on

popular routes. Buses fill quickly.

Additional fee is charged for luggage based on

weight. Price may vary with route and bus

operator.

VANEFSTC

Company operates 2 classes of buses: Regular and

luxury (economy and express). Only express buses are

air-conditioned.

Service is reliable, but departures are often late,

especially from Tudu Bus Station in Accra and at

stops on less frequently traveled routes.

Service is provided to major cities.


Pre-purchase tickets to ensure seating.

Buses often leave one or more hours late.

INTER CITY STC COACHES

Provide transport to major cities in Ghana, Cote

d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Benin.

Buses to Cape Coast and destinations west of

Accra west leave from Kaneshie Terminal, Sotrec

Station, Mallam Junction.

Buses to Kumasi and Tamale leave from Achimota

Station.

Buses to destinations north and west of Accra leave

from bus station on Rind Road; located between

N'krumah and Lamptey circles. Call office for

detailed schedule.

Bus stations outside Accra are located at Kumasi,

Tamale, Bolgatanga, Tema, Tudu, Aflao, Berekum,

Cape Coast, Dormaa Ahenkro, Hohoe, Ho,

Kpando, Paga, Sunyani, Wa, Tarkwa, Achimota,

Navorongo, Abidjan, Zabre, Ouagadougou and

Cotonou.

Hours of service: Monday-Saturday, 5 am to 5 pm;

Sunday: 6 am to 3 pm.

Schedule for routes is available at:

http://beta.stcghana.com.gh/.

STC buses cannot be hailed. Drivers only pick up

passengers at stations.

METRO MASS TRANSIT (MMT) BUSES

Provide inter-city transportation along major roads and

some underserved roads. Buses are orange.

Fares are lower than STC and VIP buses. Buses are

less comfortable; transport time is longer.

Buses operate out of MMT or tro-tro stations.

Buses generally leave twice daily. Tickets can be

purchased a day before departure. Purchase ticket early

to get a seat. Luggage fee.

MMT buses run on time. Drivers do not wait until

buses are full.

MMT buses can be hailed. Driver will stop if bus is not

full.

TYPES OF MMT BUS SERVICE

DAF buses: Provide transport between urban areas

isolated rural villages. Buses travel on many rough

roads. Journeys are long, but service is reliable.

Passengers generally board or disembark at main

bus terminals.

Luggage compartments are large.

Pay fare on bus.

“Hit & Run” buses: Drivers stop for only 5 minutes at

each station.

Purchase ticket in advance.

Queue (line up) for bus before it arrives.

Yaxing, Iveco and VDL buses: Serve intra-city routes.

Routes link suburban areas and nearby villages to

central bus stations.

Passengers may board anywhere along the route.

Pay fare after boarding.

Carry-on luggage only.

Rental Buses: Are available. A block of seats on a bus

can be reserved.

Passengers receive special MMT boarding passes.

More information is available on MMT’s website:

www.metromass.com/bus_hiring.htm.

VIP BUSES

VIP buses serve major routes. Buses are newer and

more comfortable. Buses leave when full.

VIP buses cannot be hailed. Drivers only pick up

passengers at stations.

GHANA PRIVATE ROAD TRANSPORT UNION (GPRTU)

Company provides transport on long inter-city routes.

Fares are moderate.

GPRTU has stations in most major cities.

Express buses make only a few stops.

BUS COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION

COMPANY WEBSITE

STC beta.stcghana.com.gh

METRO MASS www.metromass.com

VIP VIP on Facebook

GPRTU Ph: 0302-667801

TAXIS

Taxis are readily available in larger cities. Fares are not

fixed and are higher than tro-tro fares.

Drivers honk at pedestrians if taxi is empty.

Record taxi’s number and drivers name.

Taxi drivers commonly try to overcharge foreigners, up

to three times more than usual fare.

Bargain for a lower fare if charge seems too high.

Agree on fare and currency before boarding.

Inquire about additional charges. If driver attempts to increase cost of trip upon

arrival, insist on paying agreed fare

Fares may vary, depending on price of oil on

international markets.

Passengers are responsible for tolls. Pay tolls directly

at toll booth to lessen chance of being scammed.

Bring small bills. Drivers rarely make change. Have

fare in hand before disembarking.

Fare is usually higher for air-conditioned taxis.

http://beta.stcghana.com.gh/

http://www.metromass.com/bus_hiring.htm

http://beta.stcghana.com.gh/

http://metromass.com/

http://www.facebook.com/pages/VIP-bus-service/190053309015


Fares may be higher in larger cities. Congestion

increases travel time.

Official taxis have yellow or orange front and rear

quarter panels. Colors of others areas of vehicle varies.

Taxi license plates are yellow with black text.

License plates of privately vehicles are white with

black text.

Condition of taxis vary greatly.

Drivers may drive unsafely. Ask to be dropped off if

driving makes you uncomfortable.

Types of taxis:

Dropping taxis: Can be hailed; drop passengers at

desired locations. Fare is higher when boarding a

dropping taxi that is parked in a taxi waiting area.

o Operate on fixed routes; charge a negotiable

fare per passenger.

o Usually work along arterial routes.

Shared Taxis or Passenger Taxis: Drivers wait for

passengers at train and bus stations.

o Operate on fixed routes; charge a set fare per

passenger.

o Transport 4 to 6 passengers. Driver leaves

when taxi is full. Wait may be long. To leave

sooner, pay for any empty seats. Fares are

fixed on some routes.

o Generally work along shorter routes and in

suburbs.

o Shared taxis may convert to dropping taxis

when demand is high.

Hurry Cars: Similar to shared taxis, but privately

owned. Vehicles do not have orange corners.

Drivers provide transport to destination displayed

on dashboard or roof. Fares are not fixed.

Expensive, but more comfortable than shared taxis.

Private cars: Service is not regulated. Determine if

driver has a driver’s license and current insurance

and registration. Avoid using cars in poor

condition.

Official airport taxis: Drivers charge fixed fares.

Reserve at airport’s official taxi stands. Board at

exit near Arrivals.

Unregistered taxis: Drivers may charge much

higher fares. Taxis are hailed outside the airport.

Drivers may be aggressive. Keep calm. Negotiate

fare ahead of time.

TRO-TROS

Tro-tros are generally light or medium vans converted

to carry more passengers.

They have little or no provision for passenger

comfort or safety.

Frequently involved in road crashes.

Minibuses (tro-tros) and Peugeot 504s (caravans) are

less comfortable than buses. They leave more

frequently, travel faster and are often overloaded.

Main providers of intra-city transport.

Only public transport in small towns.

Drivers may provide inter-city transport. Traveling

long distances by tro-tro is not recommended due to

poor safety record.

Tro-tros are frequently involved in crashes.

Few tro-tros are in service on Sunday.

Mammy wagons (modified trucks) are uncomfortable

and overcrowded. Seats are wooden planks.

Most larger cities have tro-tro stations. Stations are

often parking lots or open lots.

Many kinds of vehicles serve as tro-tros, including

pickup trucks.

Vehicles are generally old, in poor condition;

seldom cleaned and often overloaded.

Vehicle’s original seats are often replaced with

wooden benches to fit in more passengers.

Drivers often work long hours.

Drivers do not follow set schedules. They leave when

vehicle is full. There may be an hour wait.

When traveling to seldom visited destinations,

inquire about departure time at least one day in

advance.

Drivers have fixed routes, but may alter route to avoid

congested traffic or accommodate passenger requests.

Official stops may not be marked.

Lay-byes (bays for public transport vehicles to pull off

the road to board or off-load passengers) are provided

on recently upgraded streets, but are generally lacking

on older streets. If there are no lay-byes, drivers may

stop in middle of road to pick up or drop off

passengers.

Tro-tros can be hailed between stops.

Finding to a vacant seat is easiest when boarding at

a station.

Drivers charge a flat fee for any stop on their route.

Passengers generally purchase ticket after

boarding.

Fares are not fixed. Drivers often try to overcharge

foreigners. Bargain for a reasonable fare.

Bargaining for lower fares often takes place after

departure. Drivers may add a surcharge for luggage.

City Express is a new tro-tro service. Company

provides express transport (no stops) between larger,

coastal cities.

Drivers are permitted to take breaks.


Vehicles are air-conditioned, have fewer seats and

are more comfortable than standard tro-tros.

Average age of vehicles is 12 years.

Fares are lower than fares for shared taxis and STC

buses.

OKADAS

Motorcycle and tricycle taxis, commonly known as

okadas, are an increasingly popular form of public

transportation.

Fares are low. Travel time is generally shorter, but road

risk is higher.

Okada drivers often speed, drive aggressively. They

commonly run red lights or start through intersections

just before light turns green.

Drivers often weave in and out of traffic lanes and

cut off other drivers.

Drivers frequently ride on road shoulders or

pedestrian paths/sidewalks.

Drivers and their passengers seldom wear helmets.

Drivers commonly pick up passengers near heavily

congested intersections, often interfering with

traffic flow.

Okadas are frequently overloaded.

Okadas have been banned in Accra, but continue to

operate due to popular demand and lack of police

enforcement.

Motorcycle-related injuries and fatalities have

increased over 400% in the past decade.

Motorcyclists and their passengers have 35 times

greater risk of dying and an 8 times higher risk of

being injured in a crash than car occupants.

RENTAL VEHICLES

Reserve a rental vehicle prior to arrival, especially if

renting an SUV or van.

Rental fees are higher for travel outside Metro Accra

due to poor condition of many roads.

Determine if there are restrictions on type of roads or

locations.

Drivers must hold a full license. Minimum period of

holding the license may apply.

Young driver surcharge may added for drivers between

18 and 21.

Additional drivers can be added only if they are present

at rental agency when vehicle is picked up. There may

be an additional charge per driver and per day.

Third-party liability insurance is required, but only

covers damage to second party’s car and occupants in

their vehicle.

Coverage is valid only in Ghana. If going to

neighboring countries, travelers must obtain third-

party liability insurance valid in those countries.

Best option is to obtain comprehensive

international coverage through an insurance

company in your country of origin.

The Economic Community of West African States

(ECOWAS) offers vehicle insurance covering road

crashes that occur in member states. ECOWAS Brown

Card Insurance provides compensation to crash victims

of crashes in ECOWAS countries. Policies also cover

third-party liabilities. Brown Card Insurance simplifies

claims settlement process.

Brown Cards now have increased security features.

Only purchase from reputable agencies.

BICYCLES

In southern Ghana, distances between destinations are

shorter, terrain is more level and climate more

temperate than in northern Ghana.

Motorists’ attitudes toward cyclists is negative in

southern Ghana, partially due to high risk of road

crashes involving cyclists.

In northern Ghana, motorists are more favorable to

cyclists. Road risk is still high.

Women cyclists may experience some harassment.

Ghanaians generally regard cycling as inappropriate for

women.

Mampong Road is good for cycling.

Maps and descriptions of cycle route and paths in

many countries are available from “Map My Ride”

website: www.mapmyride.com/routes/. Description

indicates difficulty of route, recommended experience

level, type of areas along route (urban, rural, forested,

desert, etc.) and type and condition of surface. Provides

graphic of gradients along route. Maps can be added to

your website or exported as GPX or KML files.

MOTORCYCLES

Motorcycles are a common means of getting around in

northern Ghana.

Helmets are required for drivers and passengers

traveling on motorcycles, scooters or mopeds.

Enforcement of helmet law is inadequate.

Safety standards for helmets have not been

mandated. Bring a regulation helmet.

Motorcyclists are also required to wear reflective

jackets, riding boots and protective gear for elbows and

knee caps.

http://www.mapmyride.com/routes/


No mandate is indicated for additional safety gear for

motorcyclists’ passengers or scooter or moped riders.

Use safety gear to reduce risk in a crash.

Road fatalities among motorcyclists and their

passengers have increased from 3% to 14% of total

fatalities over the past decade.

TRUCKS

Trucks are frequently involved in fatal road crashes.

Speeding and driving recklessly are often factors.

Roads with high truck traffic include, but are not

limited to, Accra-Tema Motorway, Tema-Aflao Road,

Accra-Kumasi Corridor, Kumasi-Techiman Road,

Kumasi-Sunyani Road, Accra-Takoradi Road, Takoradi

–Elubo Road, Diaso-Sefwi Bekwai Road, Goaso-

Akyeremasu Road in Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo-

Tamale Road in Northern Region and Tamale-

Bolgantanga Road in Upper East Region.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Trucks are not permitted to transport passengers, but

many do. Passengers often sit on top of load.

Trucks are converted to passenger vehicles by

constructing seats from heavy sheets of metal.

Seats greatly increase risk in road crashes.

Seatbelts are not provided.

Truck occupants of account for 11% of road crash

fatalities.

TRAIN TRAVEL

Rail network is being upgraded. Passenger service is

limited, but will increase as upgrades are completed.

Routes in service:

Accra and Kumasi: Service is once daily. Transport

is slow. Long delays are common. Average travel

time is 12 hours. Cost is slightly lower by train. Passenger train service links Kumasi and Takoradi.

Accra to Nsawam trains run 4 times daily, Mon.–

Sat. Accra to Tema trains run twice daily, Mon.–Sat.

WATER TRAVEL

Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers are navigable all year

and provide a total of 168 km of waterways.

Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder

waterways.

Ferry service across Lake Volta is limited. Arrive

early or purchase ticket in advance to increase

chance boarding.

Volta Lake Transport Company (VLTC) transports

passengers and freight. Serves Brong Ahafo and

northern Volta regions. VLTC’s Adawso to Ekye

Amanfrom route is being upgraded. Ferries and

floating docks are currently in poor condition. Wait

time is often long.

Adawso to Ekye Amanfrom’s docking facilities are

being expanded.

The Floating Dock at Akosombo is being restored.

Major ports: Tema, Takoradi.

INTERNAL AIR SERVICE

Government of Ghana’s Civil Aviation Authority is not

in compliance with International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards

regarding oversight of country’s flight services.

Flight schedules may change with little notice. Delays

are common. Flights are often overbooked. Get

required seat reconfirmation stamped on ticket. Arrive

at airport at least two hours prior to scheduled

departure.

Carry emergency funds for food and lodging in case of

unexpected delays.

Domestic air service links major cities. Scheduled

flights are available 2 to 3 times daily between Accra,

Kumasi, Sekondi and Tamale. Booking online reduces

cost.

Domestic airlines: Citylink and Antrak.

CRIME & SECURITY

Remain vigilant in public places.

Criminal activity usually increases during Christmas

season.

Avoid traveling alone in taxis at night.

Muggings and other violent attacks against foreigners

have occurred.

Keep windows of vehicle closed and doors locked.

Common scam in congested urban areas: Pedestrians

bump into vehicles and claim the vehicle hit them to

extort money.


Taxi scam: Driver tells you that your hotel is

temporarily closed and offers to take you to nearby

hotel. Driver gets a commission for bringing people to

the second hotel. Decline driver’s offer.

Call a day before arrival to confirm room

reservation.

Contact Department of State or Department of

Commerce before pursuing any advance fee

(money that must be paid upfront) business deals.

Most contacts for such deals come via email.

Further information on business transactions in

Ghana is available in U.S. Department of State’s Country Commercial Guide for Ghana (www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_8523890.pdf).

Avoid political rallies and street demonstrations.

Robberies usually occur in less populated areas. Stay

on main roads when possible.

Armed robberies are increasing along Kintampo to

Tamale Road in Brong Ahafo and Northern regions.

When traveling in Northern and Upper East Region,

monitor media sources for news about outbreaks of

inter-ethnic conflicts/fighting.

Ongoing chieftaincy disputes have resulted in

unrest and violence. Most common in Yendi in

Northern Region and Bawku in Upper East

Region.

Central Region: Violent outbreaks between Muslim

sects have occurred. Foreigners are not targeted, but

caution is suggested. Seek local advice on current

conditions.

Ashanti Region: In Kumasi, 40 motorcyclists armed

with AK-47 seized streets near Kwame Nkrumah

University of Science and Technology.

Human trafficking is growing problem. Officials at

Paga, Aflo, Elubo and Kunlungugu border crossings

are trained to recognize and detain travelers involved in

human trafficking.

Travel restrictions placed on Embassy personnel may

limit services available to U.S. citizens in remote areas.

Criminal activity at Kotoka International Airport:

Theft of travel documents and luggage is common.

Politely decline assistance unless offered by

uniformed officials. Airport staff will have ID

cards bearing their photo and name.

When being met at airport, request identification

verifying driver is from your hotel or organization.

Imposters may pose as travel contacts. They obtain

traveler’s names from displayed signs and rob

travelers who board their vehicle.

Common scams at airports: Overly-friendly

residents offering low-cost tours, lodging or cheap

services.

Armed criminals target travelers leaving Kotoka

International Airport. Often cause a minor crash

forcing travelers to stop and then robbing them.

Wearing military apparel is prohibited for non-military

personnel. Items that appear to be military related are

prohibited.

Obtain permission from security personnel before

photographing secure sites, military officers or police.

Sites may not be well marked.

Taking photos of U.S. Embassy is prohibited for

security reasons.

EMERGENCY INFORMATION

TOURIST ASSISTANCE

National emergency numbers:

Police: #191 Government of Ghana, “Emergency

Numbers”

Fire: # 192/999 Government of Ghana,

“Emergency Numbers”

Ambulance: # 193 Government of Ghana,

“Emergency Numbers”

Airport Police Station: 0302-777592 Government of Ghana, “Emergency Numbers”

Roadside assistance availability is limited outside

major cities.

For tourist information on Ghana, contact:

Ghana Tourist Board, Head Office, P.O. Box 3106,

Tesano, Accra. Phone: 233 21 222153 and

fax: 233 21 231779. Website:

www.touringghana.com/default.asp.

Online maps of Ghana

DistancesFrom.com: Provides distance and travel

time between destinations, marks route on a map

and provides detailed driving directions. *

Website: www.distancesfrom.com/Map-from-

to.aspx. *Disclaimer: ASIRT cannot guarantee the accuracy of information

provided by Distances From.com.

http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_8523890.pdf

http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_8523890.pdf

http://www.touringghana.com/default.asp

http://www.distancesfrom.com/Map-from-to.aspx



Tourism facilities are limited in more remote areas but

are available in larger towns in Greater Accra Region,

Cape Coast and Kumasi.

Smoking in public is not permitted and is subject to

fine and possible jail sentence.

Phone service is fair. Phone and fax services are

available in all larger cities. Internet service is

becoming more widely available. International calling

code for Ghana: +233.

When arriving or departing Ghana with more than

$10,000, travelers must declare amount at border.

Departing with more than 5,000 Ghana Cedi is illegal.

Cedi in excess of $5.000 must be spent of exchanged

before departure.

Exchange currency at banks or licensed foreign

exchange bureaus. Exchanging money on the street or

with private citizens is illegal.

Use of credit cards is not recommended due to

increasing frequency of credit card frauds.

Import or export of precious natural resources is

strictly regulated.

Transactions of these items must be handled by

agents licensed by Ghana’s Precious Metals and

Mining Commission. Phone: (233-030) 266-4635

or 266-4579. Transactions are completed at values

set daily by London exchange.

Transactions involving export of gold dust are

generally fraudulent. Contact Embassy in

Washington, DC or Ghanaian consulate in U.S. for

customs requirements regarding precious natural

resources.

Online maps of Ghana

DistancesFrom.com: Provides distance and travel

time between destinations, marks route on a map

and provides detailed driving directions. *

Website: www.distancesfrom.com/Map-from-

to.aspx.

*Disclaimer: Driving directions, travel time, etc. are provided by

Distances From.com. ASIRT cannot guarantee the accuracy of

the information.

MEDICAL CARE

Medical facilities and pharmacies are readily available

in major cities but are more limited in smaller cities

and rural areas. Modern health care options are

generally lacking in remote locations. Residents often

rely on traditional African medicine rather than

traveling long distances for care.

Standard of care is higher in private clinics and

hospitals, especially those located in popular tourist

destinations.

Quality of healthcare is gradually improving, but

public hospitals are overcrowded and underfunded.

Private facilities are recommended for serious

conditions.

Wait times at private clinics are generally short.

Doctors and staff usually speak English fluently.

Ambulance and trained emergency medical personnel

are inadequate, but increasing in larger cities.

Wait times for ambulances may be long. It may be

necessary to travel to hospital by car or metered taxi.

Less than 10% of seriously injured patients are

transported to a medical facility by ambulance.

HOSPITALS AND CLINICS COMMONLY USED BY U.S. CITIZENS:

Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Guggisberg Avenue,

Accra, Korle-Bu, Ghana. Ph: (233) 0302 673 033;

website: www.firstabroad.com/Ghana; coordinates:

5°32'27"N -0°13'53"E.

Cardiothorasic Unit of Korle-Bu Teaching

Hospital: (233) 0302 670-545, website: https://foursquare.com/v/ghana-cardiothoracic-unit-

korlebu/4f8ed0a8e4b0dcea35e8594e.

37 MILITARY HOSPITAL, Mills Road, Accra, Ghana,

Ph: (233) 0302 777 595, (233) 0302 786 103, (233)

0302 767 691.

LISTER HOSPITAL, P O Box CT966, Cantonments,

Accra, Ghana. Open 24/7. Ph: +233 303 409 030, +233

303 409 031 and +233 244 313 883: fax: +233 302 812

397; email: [email protected].

37 Military Hospital, Liberation Road, Accra. Ph: (233)

0302 777 595, (233) 0302 786 103, (233) 0302 767

691; website: www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/telephone_directo

ry/companydetails.php?CN=60517.

Emergency medical evacuation to the U.S.: Call AEA

International (International SOS) at 800-752-4195.

Inquire about coverage your medical insurance

provides in destination country or countries. Policy

should include coverage for medical evacuation.

Some credit card companies provide health and travel

insurance when travelers use their card to purchase

airline fares. Inquire about coverage provided.

Bring adequate supplies of over-the-counter and

prescription medications. Carry a copy of prescription

and generic name of each prescription medication.

Pharmacies are available in major cities, but not all

pharmacies are authorized to dispense prescription

medications.

Some pharmacies sell fake or low-quality medications.

Safest options:

Only purchase medications approved by the

Ghanaian Pharmacy Council.

Purchase medications from pharmacies attached to

medical facilities.



https://maps.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=CVkJRP3vNUo3iNMrKswes_IFAkr6X4gOixvGwcajLg_6qARACIMBUKAJQisjpm_j_____AWChAqABlrCZ0wPIAQGqBCdP0GOurni7h_-ICCCagItSm2QyZY0r5TUx_UtEBoS1Lfws9hBoL6yAB9LP5iyQBwM&num=2&sig=AOD64_2AMKfXUrnOMTFEyFijtNsp2wyPpQ&adurl=http://www.firstabroad.com/ghana-teaching-childcare-project%3Fsource%3Dgoogle

https://foursquare.com/v/ghana-cardiothoracic-unit-korlebu/4f8ed0a8e4b0dcea35e8594e

https://foursquare.com/v/ghana-cardiothoracic-unit-korlebu/4f8ed0a8e4b0dcea35e8594e


http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/telephone_directory/companydetails.php?CN=60517

http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/telephone_directory/companydetails.php?CN=60517


EMBASSY INFORMATION

Embassy of Ghana is located at 3512

International Drive, NW, Washington, DC

20008. Phone: (202) 686-4520; fax: 202 686 4527, e-

mail: [email protected] or [email protected], and

website: http://ghana-embassy.org.

Ghana Permanent Mission to the United Nations is

located at 19 East 47th Street, New York, NY

10017. Phone: 212-832-1300.

U.S. Embassy is located at No. 24 Fourth Circular

Road, Cantonments, Accra. Phone: 233-030-274-1000,

fax (233)-(030) 274-1362 or 274-1426, emergency

after-hours telephone: 233-030-274-1775 and website:

www.usia.gov/posts/ghanahttp://ghana.usembassy.gov/.

U.S. Embassy Consular Section is located at No. 19

Fifth Link Road, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana. Phone:

233-30-2741-570; email: [email protected];

emergency afterhours phone: +233-30-2741-775. Ask

for duty officer.

Office hours: Monday through Friday: 8:30 am to

12 noon. Office closed on holidays.

Registering with the Dept. of State's “Smart Traveler

Enrollment Program (STEP)” enables you to receive

updates on current travel conditions in planned

destinations. STEP allows Embassy officials to contact

American citizens about an impending natural disaster

or other emergency, and facilitate their evacuation, if

necessary. Access updates via Smart Traveler iPhone

App.

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact:

Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT)

12320 Parklawn Drive,

Rockville, MD, 20852-1726 USA

Telephone: (240) 249-0101

Fax: (301) 230-0411

Website: www.asirt.org

E-mail: [email protected]



http://ghana-embassy.org/

http://www.usia.gov/posts/ghana

http://www.usia.gov/posts/ghana


http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/smart-traveler/id442693988?mt=8

http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/smart-traveler/id442693988?mt=8

http://www.asirt.org/



APPENDICES

Appendix A: U.S. and Ghana Holidays

Holiday Date/Day Type

New Year's Day January 1 A/G

MLK King's Birthday January 21 A

Presidents' Day February 18 A

Independence Day March 6 G

Good Friday Date varies. G

Easter Monday Date varies. G

May Day May 1 G

African Union Day May 25 G

Memorial Day May 27 A

Republic Day July 1 G

Independence Day July 4 A

Labor Day September 2 A

Eid-Il-Fitr Date varies. G

Eid-al Adha Date varies. G

Columbus Day October 14 A

Veterans Day November 11 A

Thanksgiving Day Date varies. A

Christmas Day December 25 A/G

Boxing Day December 26 A/ G

G = Ghanaian Holiday A = American Holiday

Appendix B: National Routes in Ghana National Road 1 (N1)

Links Elubo, WR-Sekondi-Tamoradi, WR-Cape Coast, CR-Winneba, CR-Accra, GR-Tetteh Quarshie Interchange-Adidome,

VR, Aflao, VR.

National Road 2 (N2)

Links Tema,GR-Asikuma, ER-Ho, VR-Hohoe, VR-Yendi, NR-Nalerigu, UE-Kulungugu, UE to Border with Burkina Faso.


Links Tamale, NR-Jimle, NR-Yendi, NR. Links N10 and N2 between Tamale and Yendi via Jimle, NR.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Road_1_(Ghana)&action=edit&redlink=1


NATIONAL ROUTES IN GHANA (CONTINUED)


Links Kong. ER-Suhum, ER, and links N3 to N2 via Oterkpalu, ER.


Links Accra, GR-Tetteh-Quarshie Interchange-Koforidua, ER-Kumasi, AS.


Links Adome, VR-Asikuma. VR-Kpeve, VR. Provides and alternate route to the N2 for reaching Kpeve, VR from Adome, VR.

National Road 6 (6)

Links Accra, GR-Nsawam, ER-Suhum-Nkawkaw, ER-Kumasi, AS.


Links Sawla, NR-Larabanga,NR-Fufulsu, NR. N7 links N12 and N2.


Links Yemorasa, CR-Dunkwa, CR-Fomena, AS-Bekwai, AS-Kumasi, AS.


Links Tamale, NR-Jimle, NR-Yendi, NR. Links N10 and N2 between Tamale and Yendi via Jimle, NR.


Links Yemorasa, CR-Kumasi, AS-Techiman, BA-Tamale, NR-Bolgatanga, UE-Paga, UE and Border with Burkina Faso.


Links Bolgatanga, UE-Zebilla, AS-Bawku, UE-Bimpiela, UE.


Links Elubo, WR-Enchi, WE-Sunyani, BA-Bamboi, NR-Wa, UW-Lawra, UW-Hamile, UW and border with Burkina Faso.


Links Lawra, UW-Tumu, UW-Navrongo, UE. Links N12 to N10 between Lawra, UW –Navrongo, UE via -Tumu, UW.


Links Sakpeigu, NR-Cheperoni, NR-Yawgu, NR.


Links Tumu, UW-Kapulina, UW and border with Burkina Faso.





Appendix C: Commonly Used Road Signs

No Entry for Vehicles

No Entry for

all Motor Vehicles

No Entry for

Motor Cycles

No Entry for Bicycles

No Entry for

Pedestrians

Pedestrian crossing

Cycles Only

Pedestrians and

Cyclists Only-

Route for Pedestrian

Animal Crossing

(Wild)

Animal Crrossing

(Domestic)

Blind People Crossing

Road Leads to River

Bank

Overhead Bridge

No Sounding of Horn

No passing

Pass Either Side

Bus stop or terminal

Bus Lane on right

Bus Lane on left

Bus Lane

Stop for Message shown

Stop for Message Shown

No Stopping


COMMONLY USED ROAD SIGNS (CONTINUED)

No Through Road

Yield

Stop

Maximum Speed Limit

as Shown

End of Speed Limit

as Shown

Industrial Area

Motorway or freeway

End of Motorway or freeway

Place of Interest

Appendix D: Regions in Ghana

REGION REGIONAL CAPITAL

NORTHERN Tamale

EASTERN Koforidua

WESTERN Takoradi

CENTRAL Cape Coast

UPPER EAST Bolgatanga

UPPER WEST Wa

VOLTA Ho

ASHANTI Kumasi

BRONG-AHAFO Sunyani

GREATER ACCRA Accra (capital of Ghana)

Ghana Embassy, “Regional Divisions”

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Greater Accra


Appendix E: Ecozones

Regions can be grouped into four ecological-zones.

ECOZONE REGIONS IN EACH ECOZONE

South Western Equatorial

Zone

Western Region

Wet Semi-Equatorial Zone Ashanti and Eastern regions

and the middle section of

Volta Region

Dry Equatorial Zone Central and Greater Accra and

the southern section of Volta

Region

Tropical Continental Zone Brong Ahafo, Northern,

Upper East and West regions

and northern section of Volta

Region

Source: Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Roads & Highways,

Department of Feeder Roads

NORTHERN REGION

Part of Tropical Continental Zone.

Less densely populated; has fewer roads than other

regions.

Roads and bridges are often in poor condition.

4WD vehicle required on most roads. Non-4WD

passenger car may be adequate in dry season, but are

not recommended.

Road improvement projects nearing completion:

Tamale-Buipe Road, Mpahe Road and the Fufulsi-

Sawla roads.

Rainy season: May through October.

Located near the Sahel and Sahara Desert. Average

annual rainfall: 30 to 40 inches. Vegetation consists of

grassland or savanna areas.

UPPER WEST REGION

Part of Tropical Continental Zone

Primarily a flat region, with several isolated plateaus

and mountain ranges.

Region includes Savannah grasslands with baobab

trees and areas similar to the Sahel (a transition zone

between the Sahara Desert and the wooded Sudanian

Savanna). Includes semi-arid grasslands and savannas

with patches of trees and shrubs.

Main border crossings to Burkina Faso (Hamale. Paga

and Kulunguguare) are located in the region.

Gbelle Game Reserve, located 17 km south of Tumu.

Provides refuge to endangered species.

Road improvement projects nearing completion: Wa–

Sawla roads, Wa–Dorimon Road, Wa–Bulenga and Wa

Funsi-Nabula Road.

UPPER EAST REGION

Part of the Tropical Continental Zone

Fairly level topography with hilly areas in eastern and

southeastern sections. Region is a savannah woodland

area; widely scattered drought-resistant vegetation.

Agriculture is the main occupation, followed by

hunting, lumbering and raising livestock and poultry.

Dry season (November to mid-February) is long and

hot. Cold, dry, harmarttan winds moderate the

temperature, but bring in dusty air conditions that can

restrict activities, including transport.

Source: Republic of Ghana, Ministry of Roads & Highways, Department of Feeder Roads


Temperatures range from 14° C at night to 35° C

during day.

Average humidity is low; moderates high

temperatures.

Brushfires are common.

Region has one rainy season (May/June to

September/October).

Road improvement projects nearing completion:

Bolgatanga township roads: Navrongo-Tumu Road,

Bolgatanga-Bawku roads, Partriga Bridge and Nyariga

Bridge.

GREATER ACCRA REGION

Part of Dry Equatorial Zone. Trade and agriculture hub.

Undeveloped sections of the region are covered with

grass and shrubs.

Region has a marked dry season. Annual rainfall varies

between 74 and 89 cm of rain; driest region in Ghana.

Average temperature is 30°C from March through

April and 26°C in August. Relative humidity, between

60%to 75%.

CENTRAL REGION

Part of 2 eco-zones, Dry Equatorial and Wet-Semi

Equatorial Zones.

Coastal section is in Dry Equatorial Zone.

Region consists of savannah grasslands and some

sandy beaches and marsh areas. General

topography is an undulating plain with a few hills

and cliffs

Hinterland section is located at higher elevations, from

250 to 300 meters above sea level. Much of the

original semi-deciduous forests have been cleared for

palm trees and cocoa plants.

Northern section is in the Wet-Semi Equatorial Zone.

Area is mountainous and forested.

ASHANTI REGION

Part of Wet-Semi Equatorial Climatic Zone.

A mountainous, forested region.

Main economic activities: commerce, agriculture.

Tourist destinations in region:

Owabi Arboretum, 25 km NW of Kumasi

Bomgobiri Wildlife Sanctuary, 50 km from

Kumasi Digya National Park – extends from Kumawu to

Atebubu

Lake Bosomtwi, 35 km S of Kumasi

Bobiri Forest Reserve 35 km SE of Kumasi

There are two rainy seasons:

May to June; wettest month is June.

September to October.

Relative humidity is generally high; from 70% -80%.

Temperature varies between 26°-30°C.

EASTERN REGION

Part of Wet-Semi Equatorial Climatic Zone.

Located entirely within a mountainous, forested region.

Ghana’s third most populous region and one of the

most economically active.

Primary economic activities: agriculture and

manufacturing.

There are two rainy seasons:

May to June; wettest month is June.

September to October; rainfall is evenly

distributed.

Relative humidity is generally high; from 70% -80%.

Temperature varies between 26°-30°C.

Feeder roads with sections being upgraded:

Sutapong - Sutapong Fall Upper Manya

Akorabo Junction – Kromaneng Suhum-Kraboa-

Coaltar

Frankadua – Alabo River Asuogyaman

Agavenya Junction-Brukum Agavenya Yilo Krobo

Akoradarko – Bomoden Fanteakwa

Abekoase – Subriso Atiwa

Anum Apapam – Kofipare Suhum-Kraboa-Coaltar

Abenase – Akokoase Akyemansa

VOLTA REGION

Part of 3 ecological zones. Borders Togo to the east and

Gulf of Guinea to the south. Region has three sections:

Southern coastal section: Part of the Dry Equatorial

Zone. Coastal savanna grasslands, mangrove swamps

and sandy beaches.

Central section (hinterland): Part of Wet Semi-

Equatorial Zone. Includes semi-deciduous forests.

Northern section: Part of Tropical Continental Zone.

Divided between undulating sahel-savannah and

mountainous wooded savannah.

Feeder road improvements are in progress. Upgrades

include widening and installing adequate drainage

facilities. Construction zones are clearly marked with

signs and reflectors. Workers direct traffic flow.

Speed limits are lower in construction zones.


WESTERN REGION

Only region in the South Western Equatorial Zone.

Heavily forested, including mangrove forests along

coast, tropical rain forests further inland and semi-

deciduous forests in northern areas. Leading industries:

lumbering, mining, production of cocoa, rubber,

coconuts and palm oils.

Heaviest rainfall of all zones. Rainy seasons: May

through July and September through October. Receives

lighter rains in other months.

Region has several reserves, including Bia Reserve,

Cape Three Points National Park, and Ankasa/Nini

Suhyien Forest and Game Reserve.

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