Republic of Mozambique Ministry of Public Works and...

Water Supply Expansion Project for Ilha da Moçambique District – Draft Physical Cultural Resources & Management Plan Rev 6 08/06/10

Republic of Mozambique

Ministry of Public Works and Housing

Water and Sanitation Institutional Support Project [WASIS]

Water Supply Expansion Project for Ilha da

Moçambique District

Physical Cultural Resources & Management Plan

Physical Cultural Resources & Management Plan Results of June ’10 Public Consultations added

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Table of Contents - List of Acronyms

1 Executive Summary 2 Background & Context 3 Existing Water Supply Facilities 4 Proposed Project 5 Possible Alternative Solutions 6 Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework 7 Baseline 8 Impact Assessment 9 Mitigating Measures

10 Recommendations Appendices

1. Maps and Drawings 2. Personnel Consulted and Summary of Meetings in December ’09 and June ‘10 3. Chance Find Procedures 4. UNESCO documents 5. Mozambique Legislation Relating to PCR. Lein 10/88 de 22 de Dezembro 6. Preliminary PCR screening checklist/report

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Photo 1:Fort of San Sebastian


List of acronyms AIAS Administração de Infra-estruras de Águas e Saneamento AusAID Australian Agency for International Development DNA Direcção Nacional de Águas DPCA Provincial Directorate of Coordination of Environmental Action EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESO Environmental Supervision Officer EMP Environmental Management Plan ESMF Environmental and Social management Framework GACIM Gabinete de Conservação de Ilha de Moçambique GoM Government of Mozambique GPS Global Positioning System HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ICOMOS International Council on Monuments & Sites IdM Ilha de Moçambique MOC Ministry of Culture MICOA Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs MOPH Ministry of Public Works and Housing MPD Ministry of Planning and Development NGO Non governmental organization OP Operational Policy PAPs Project Affected Persons PCR Physical Cultural ResourcesRAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework ToR Terms of Reference SS San Sebastian UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organisation uPVC Unplasticied polyvinyl chloride WASIS Water and Sanitation Institutional Support WB World Bank

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. A Water Services and Institutional Support (WASIS) Project for Ilha de Moçambique was approved by the World Bank on September 11, 2007 for US$30.0 million equivalent. The Project became effective on March 17, 2008. The closing date is October 31, 2012. 2. The Municipality of Ilha da Moçambique covers a major island settlement of around 17,000 people and a number of other settlements on the adjacent mainland with a further 31,000 people. The island is more or less evenly divided into a former colonial part, Museu (the “Stone Town”) and a more recent residential part, Macuti (the “Thatched Town”) where most of the people now live. Macuti is densely populated and the housing and basic infrastructure is of poor quality. The island was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1992 in an effort to preserve the impressive and extensive Portuguese colonial buildings. Inadequate, unreliable and poor quality water supply is one of the main problems in the Municipality of Ilha de Moçambique. The existing system serves the population of


the island and the mainland settlements, generally by an inadequate number of communal standpipes. 3. The proposed new project will improve the existing water system to serve both the island and the largest mainland settlements with about 2000m³/d via around 413 household connections, 2,030 domestic yard connections and 45 communal standpipes. Infrastructure improvements include: a. Source improvements b. Refurbishment of the existing transmission main from the well field to mainland

settlements and the island and an additional pipeline to increase delivery capacity. The crossing to the island the new transmission pipe will be hung from the existing bridge;

c. Construction of a new ground storage tank and water tower on the mainland. d. Improvements to existing storage tanks and possible incorporation of one of the

existing cisterns (“English School) on the island, including an associated pumping station. Replacement of existing distribution pipes in parts of the island (but not

anticipated in the Stone Town); Installation of additional distribution pipes in mainland areas; and Improvements to, and expansion of, domestic connections and public

standpipes, including the installation of meters.

4.The design was based on meetings with elected officials, the Director of Water Services, the District Administrator and Gabinete de Conservacao. The criteria for assessment took into account among other things social and physical cultural resource (PCR) impacts. From these reviews, the concept design was prepared and the project area was revisited for a social, environmental and PCR review by a specialist consultant. This information provided the basis for this PCR Management Plan. The area of greatest potential impact is the island, particularly the northern half where the Stone Town is located. However the extent of proposed works in that part of the island will be minimal. There will be no impact on coastal waters – the additional transmission pipe will be hung from the existing bridge and will not involve disruption of the seabed. In addition to the major physical cultural resources associated with the UNESCO heritage site the following PCRs are also present in the vicinity of the project area:

Graves from early Arabic settlements have been identified on the mainland near Sancul;

Ancient freshwater wells are situated on the Apia peninsular; Several sunken Portuguese wooden ships in the shallow seas adjacent to the

island; and a small 1914-18 War British Army gravesite near to Lumbo.

5.The project works will have minimal impact on historical and cultural sites. Works close to PCRs will be limited to some shallow excavations for small diameter pipe work near to some historic buildings in Macuti (“Thatched Town”) in the southern half of the island.


6.Subject to approval of detailed designs by GACIM and the Municipal Authorities, an existing large rainwater collection cistern in Macuti will be incorporated into the water supply system to store treated water. This would essentially be maintaining its existing purpose. A small pumping station would need to be constructed nearby to pump the water to the existing water tower in the northern part of the island. No excavation work is planned in the “Stone Town” area. The only project work in this area will be replacement and installation of new water meters. The principle mitigation measures will be to avoid to the extent possible work in or near physical cultural resources. 7.Regarding the PCR’s outside of the main UNESCO World Heritage Site:

The ancient historical Arabic gravesites and fresh water wells on the mainland are far away from the project work area;

The project will have no activities related to the sea surrounding the island, thus the wooden Portuguese ships will not be affected by the project;

and a new water pipeline will be laid at least 10 metres from the boundary of the British War Graveyard site at Lumbo.

Chance finds are possible in any excavation carried out during the construction period. Although no excavation work is to be carried out in the Museu “Stone Town”, chance finds are possible in Macuti “Thatched Town” and on the mainland.

8. The contractor will be required to appoint a designated Project Environmental Management Officer [EMO] who will be responsible for dealing with such chance finds. In the context of Ilha de Moçambique these authorities will be the Municipal Authorities and GACIM. 9. During operation and maintenance of the water supply facilities the only potential impact expected would be on the existing cistern. The expected impact would be minimal as the cistern would be fulfilling the purpose for which it was built. 10. It is recommended that approval is given to for the project to proceed to detailed design and construction. An Environmental Management Plan will be prepared and this PCR management plan updated concurrently with preparation of detailed design.


2 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1.Mozambique lies on the Southeast coast of Africa. The country has a land border of 4,330 km and a coast line of 2,470 km. It shares borders with Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Swaziland. The land area is 799,380 km2. Administratively there are 10 provinces (including the city of Maputo, 124 districts and 43 municipalities - some municipalities are also district centres).

2. Mozambique has the lowest reported water and sanitation coverage in Eastern and Southern Africa after Ethiopia. The country has had to rise from a very low infrastructure base following the struggle for independence and subsequent civil war. Even today there is reportedly very limited technical capacity outside of the key central government institutions and the larger cities. The problems are exacerbated by the country’s large size and poor communications.

3.The municipality of Ilha da Moçambique covers a major island settlement of around 17,000 people and a number of other settlements on the adjacent mainland with a further 31,000 people.

4.The island is connected to the mainland by a 3.5 kilometre bridge. Lumbo the largest of the mainland settlements is located on the coast immediately opposite Ilha. It has a current population of around 13,000 and is expected to grow quickly. 5.The island settlement of Ilha da Moçambique was established by the Portuguese in 1507 as their major port and trading post on the East African coast. It was a key staging post for their ships trading with India and the Far East. It was Mozambique’s capital from 1752 when Portugal established a Mozambican government to 1898. Today it is a significant tourist attraction. The island is more or less evenly divided into a former colonial part in the north, Museu (the “Stone Town”) and a more recent residential part, Macuti (the “Thatched Town”) in the south where most of the people now live.

Photo 2: 35 km bridge connecting the island to the mainland


6.Macuti is densely populated and the housing and basic infrastructure is of poor quality. There was a significant inflow of refugees during the two decade civil war that followed independence. Most of the refugees have remained. It is the Municipal Government’s policy to discourage any further migration to the island and to reduce the current population by encouraging people to move to the mainland. They plan to achieve this by providing better infrastructure, including water supply, and social services on the mainland to make it more attractive. 7.The island was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1992 in an effort to preserve the impressive and extensive Portuguese colonial buildings. Some of the larger public buildings such as the forts and churches have been restored but much of the residential housing remains in very poor condition. The Ministry of Culture is responsible for managing the preservation through the Gabinete de Conservacao da Ilha de Moçambique (GACIM). It receives technical assistance from UNESCO.

3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES

1. Inadequate, unreliable and poor quality water supply is one of the main problems in the Municipality of Ilha de Moçambique. The existing system serves the population of the island and the mainland settlements, generally by an inadequate number of communal standpipes. The estimated current demand is around 2,000 m³/day. Supply at present is less than half of this at between 625 and 940 m³/day, due mainly to the limited size and reliability of the transmission main

Photo 3:Typical Macuti Housing

Photo 4: Typical street in Museu


from the water source which is a well field. Even though the water is chlorinated water quality, particularly at the public standpipes, is poor because the taps have failed and people have broken open the storage tanks and resorted to raising water with buckets.

2. Water is abstracted from a well field at Entende located 23 km inland from the island. This comprises 9 wells around 42 m deep. Only 3 of these are active as the remainder are saline. From the wells water is pumped via a 160mm uPVC main to a 100m3 elevated reservoir 20 m high located 2 km from the well field. From this elevated reservoir there is 23 km of gravity transmission main delivering to two relatively small storage reservoirs on the island. The transmission main is hung below the 3.2km bridge connecting the island to the mainland. This transmission pipe is in poor condition and subject to frequent leaks and breakages. On the island water is pumped from the storage reservoirs located near the bridge to a 100m³, 20 m high water tower located at the northern end of the island located in the Stone Town. From the tower water is distributed via a small diameter pipe network to consumers. It is reported that the distribution network on the island serves about 472 domestic connections, 48 enterprises, 9 public institutions and 17 standpipes. The Stone Town is served by house connections and the few people who live there are reasonably well covered. Supply in the Thatched Town is limited to public standpipes that are in poor condition and receive only intermittent supplies.

3. There are a number of large public cisterns dating back to the colonial period located on the island. It is likely that these were filled partly from water “harvested” from roofs and other surfaced areas. Water may also have been shipped from the mainland in the past. Those inspected at Fort San Sebastian in the Stone Town and at a location known as the English School adjacent to the Thatched Town have been regularly maintained and continue to store water for part of the year for use in their immediate vicinities. They are not however connected to the public distribution system. There is potential to integrate some of these cisterns into the public water supply system.

4.On the mainland, Lumbo and other settlements are supplied directly by branches from the transmission main. There are no storage reservoirs other than the main water tower located near the well field.

4. PROPOSED PROJECT

1.The Water Services and Institutional Support (WASIS) Project was approved by the World Bank on September 11, 2007 for US$30.0 million equivalent. The Project became effective on March 17, 2008. The closing date is October 31, 2012. 2.The WASIS Project was designed on a programmatic basis in the sense that detailed designs of the intended infrastructure sub-projects are being prepared during project implementation. For this reason an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) were approved to address safeguard issues. The ESMF incorporates a screening


process and a detailed screening pro-forma for that purpose. The screening form has to be completed for each sub-project and sub-project Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) are developed on the basis of the screening results. This Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan (PRCMP) has been prepared to address the additional cultural property safeguards that have been triggered by including Ilha da Moçambique in the project. The PCRMP will complement the other two safeguard frameworks. Accordingly, as Ilha da Moçambique has physical cultural significance a specific (preliminary) PCR screening report has been prepared and is appended. No resettlement is anticipated in the Ilha da Moçambique sub-project though there may be some compensation entitlements arising from the construction phase.

3.The Australian Government has proposed additional financing of around US$14.1 million to assist the Government of Mozambique (GoM) in developing the institutional arrangements for the operation and regulation of water supply systems in smaller cities and towns based on government’s Delegated Management Framework (DMF) for the water sector. The DMF is currently applied to the larger cities. One of the main objectives of the WASIS additional financing is to extend the DMF to the tier of cities and towns one step below the 14 largest cities. To support this, Decree 19/2009 was approved in 2009 to establish a separate asset management company, Administração de Infra-estrutura de Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (AIAS), which will become responsible for the assets in these smaller cities and towns. A further, Decree 18/2009 was also approved to extend the mandate of the Conselho de Regulação do Abastecimento de Água (CRA, the regulatory authority) to this next tier of cities and towns.

4.The additional financing will test this new concept by rehabilitating water supply systems in two towns in Northern Mozambique, Ilha de Moçambique and Mocimboa de Praia. These two pilot locations were selected from a short-list of potential locations proposed by GoM. The pilots will include the following three separate activities:

infrastructure investments in water supply production and distribution systems;

institutional investments in operation and maintenance capacity of local water system operators including supervision of infrastructure investments; and

technical assistance, training, operating costs, and support for future improvements in small cities/towns water supply and sanitation in northern Mozambique.

5.The objective of the infrastructure investments is to support the institutional aspects of the WASIS Project to strengthen the organizational and operational capability of the operating entity for each system, including the establishment of a revenue stream leading gradually toward financial sustainability. A short summary of the activities to be funded by the additional financing in Ilha de Moçambique follows.


6. Ilha de Moçambique Sub-Project: The additional financing will improve the existing water system to serve both the island and the largest mainland settlements with about 2000m³/d via around 413 household connections, 2,030 domestic yard connections and 45 communal standpipes. An allowance has also been made for commercial and institutional use. Water will continue to be extracted from the existing well-field located some 23km from the island. The following infrastructure will be provided:

Source improvements including refurbishment and construction of new wells;

Refurbish and replace parts of the existing transmission main from the well field to Lumbo and the island and lay an additional pipe alongside it to increase delivery capacity. For the crossing to the island the new transmission pipe will be hung from the existing bridge;

Construction of a new ground storage tank and water tower near Lumbo (3.5km from the coast);

Improvements to existing storage tanks and possible incorporation of one of the existing cisterns (“English School) on the island, including associated pumping station. Incorporating the existing cistern would significantly increase storage capacity (900M³) on the island and allow a piece of historic infrastructure to continue in use;

Replacement of existing distribution pipes in parts of the island

(but not anticipated in the Stone Town); Installation of additional distribution pipes in mainland areas; and Improvements to, and expansion of, domestic connections and

public standpipes, including the installation of meters.

The estimated cost for infrastructure improvements is US$4.74 million.

7. Following the approach adopted for other sub-projects funded under the WASIS Project a concept design has been prepared. This provides the basis for cost

Photo 5: Interior of 900M³ cistern at the ‘English School’


estimates and the preparation of “Design and Build” bid documents for the works. During project preparation a structured investigation and quantification took place. The design was based on meetings with elected officials, the Director of Water Services, the District Administrator and Gabinete de Conservacao. Based on these discussions and a review of the available information, assessments were made at the well field, distribution centres, and the various settlements to be covered. The criteria for assessment took into account such things as: potential customers, cost and the level of difficulty of installation, local system pressure and the avoidance of negative environmental, social and physical cultural resource (PCR) impacts.

8.From these reviews, the most suitable locations were provisionally selected and the concept design prepared. The project area was then revisited for a social, environmental and PCR review by a specialist consultant. This information provided the basis for this PCR Management Plan.

9.The works will be constructed through a single “design and build” contract. It is estimated that the design and build phase of the project will take 15 months. An experienced international consulting engineering firm will be hired through the project to assist the AIAS and the local water company review the design and supervise construction. During the construction phase the same consultant will provide training and capacity building for the local water company. After handover of the project to the local water company for operation and maintenance, the design and build contractor will be responsible for the rectification of any defective works for a period of 12 months after handover.

5. POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES SOLUTIONS

1.The design proposed is to rehabilitate existing assets where possible, replace them where necessary and to reinforce the system to expand capacity to enable increased water supply coverage. Water will be sourced from the existing well field. There are no nearer water supply sources that are viable. Fortunately the water is of good quality and the only treatment required is chlorination.

2.Rainwater capture with storage in large stone built cisterns has been used on the island in the past and has continued to a limited extent. However the volume that can be collected is much less than the requirements of the current population on the island. Rainfall is also highly variable and occurs countercyclical to the period of highest demand i.e. the hot, dry season. The potential for using rain water as a supplement to the well water was considered but rejected because of the complications of integrating two water sources and ensuring water safety. The rain water collected from roof and other surface areas will be contaminated and would require treatment and additional chlorination before it could be safely used for drinking. Given the limited technical and managerial capacity of the Water Company the idea of integrating two sources of water was rejected as being overly complex and potentially unsafe.

6 POLICY, LEGAL and REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

A.World Bank Policy on Physical Cultural Resources


1.This report addresses the World Bank’s Operational Policy OP 4.11 on Cultural Property which is triggered by Ilha da Moçambique being a declared UNESCO World Heritage site. An Environmental and Social Policy Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) already approved for the WASIS Project will address the requirements of the World Bank’s OP 4.01 and OP 4.12 for Environmental Assessment and Involuntary Resettlement respectively. As previously noted the PCRMP supplements and complements these existing safeguard measures.

Table A

OP 4.11 Cultural Property

The objective of this policy is to assist countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts of development projects on physical cultural resources. For purposes of this policy, “physical cultural resources” are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above ground, underground, or underwater.

This policy applies to all projects requiring a Category A or B Environmental Assessment under OP 4.01.

B.World Heritage Listing

1.In 1991 on the recommendation of International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)1 , Ilha de Moçambique was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The whole of the island was designated as a core area with some adjacent coastal and sea areas designated as a buffer zone [see map in Appendix 1]. In 2003 UNESCO and the GoM signed an agreement for rehabilitation of the San Sebastian Fort at the northern end of the Island.

C.Environmental Impact Assessment in Moçambique

1.The 1997 Environmental Law (Law no 20/97) set the environmental foundations for the policy and institutional framework for environmental management in Mozambique. The Law establishes the scope, institutions and appropriate management tools to deal with environmental management issues. 2.The Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Action (MICOA) is the main government entity with the responsibility for coordination of government actions


related to environmental protection and management. MICOA’s structure comprises six areas of intervention namely:

o Inter-sectoral coordination o Research planning and environmental management, o Territorial planning o Environmental impact assessment o Environmental education and dissemination, and o Inspection and control

3.At national level, MICOA has the responsibility to guide the implementation of environmental policies and to coordinate the sustainable planning and use of natural resources of the country. At the provincial level, MICOA is represented by the Provincial Directorates for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (DPCAs). At district level MICOA’s representation is through the District Directorate for Infrastructure and the Environment within the Ministry of Public Works (MOPH). This department is responsible for handling issue related to land use planning, as well as any issue related to environmental protection.

1. a non-governmental organisation of professionals dedicated to the preservation of the World’s historic monuments and sites. 4.Mozambique’s EIA is regulated by the Decree 76/98 (of 29 of December), revised in 2004 and updated by Decree 45/2004 (of 29 of September). The main changes involve the decentralization of EIA implementation. As well, there are now three categories of EIA: A, B and C. (“A” is reserved for the central level, in instances where a full EIA is required; “B” is for provincial and local levels, when a simplified EIA can be conducted; and “C” is for small projects that may not required EIA, but must follow the regulations for environmental impact.

5.The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognised to be a vital procedure for an effective development planning and was therefore a determinant watershed for environmental protection in the country. It includes provisions for EIA, Environmental Management Pans (EMP) environmental auditing.

6.The Framework establishes also that an EIA must be undertaken for all development projects, policies, plans and programs that may have a significant impact on the environment, and recognizes the need to guarantee the participation of local communities and to utilize their knowledge and human resources in the protection of the environment.

7.Within the context of project EIA, the introduction of the Ministerial Diploma no

130/2006 highlights the need for and importance of public participation, which seeks to integrate non-expert views into EIA decision-making process, by allowing civil society to voice their concerns with regards to environmental sustainability of proposed projects.

8.Given the nature of proposed activities, it is expected that most potential impacts can be effectively mitigated through the use of Environmental Management Plans (EMP), guided by the existing EIA Regulations in Mozambique as well as other Directives which aim at minimizing the impact of development projects upon the natural environment and human health.


D.Mozambique Legislation Relating to PCR

1.Lein 10/88 de 22 de Dezembro is the law that determines the legal protection of the physical and non physical property of the Mozambican cultural heritage sites. It establishes among its fundamental principles, the state’s responsibility for promotion of cultural development and national personality, through identification, registration, preservation and valorisation of the material and spiritual goods which are part of the Mozambican cultural heritage. This Law aims at ensuring that the historical, cultural and artistic legacy of the past are transmitted to the future generations. Article 3 of this Law defines cultural heritage as a set of material and non-material goods, created or integrated by the Mozambican People along the history of the nation and which is relevant to the definition of the Mozambican cultural identity. Part 4, of the same article, defines cultural assets as a group of infrastructures which due to their architecture, homogeneity or due to their integration in the landscape have a significant importance from the historical, artistic and scientific point of view, and these include, among others:

Oldest cities and zones of the main cities Other old urban settings such as the Ibo and the Mozambican Island (Ilha

de Moçambique) Archaeological stations Centre of political power of the pre-colonial societies, their capitals and

main population concentration points, spiritual location; Locations which mark the colonial settlement and exploration of the

Mozambican nation; 2.Old commercial centres.

2. Article 4 of the same Law establishes that the responsibility for protection and valorisation of the cultural heritage lies within the government and include the following:

Promote creation of technical and scientific institutions necessary for protection and valorisation of the cultural heritage;

Promote protection and conservation through the local government structures;

Promote the creation of associations for protection and valorisation of the cultural heritage;

Promote actions which aims at attributing each classified cultural heritage site of good, a function that integrates such good into the socioeconomic, scientific and cultural settings of the community;

Stimulate participation of local communities in the protection and conservation of cultural goods.

3.As noted above Ilha de Moçambique has been inscribed as part of the World Heritage list in 1991. Apart from Ilha’s natural beauty, the site has been selected due to its rich history and culture. It reflects the different traditions of past settlers including Indians, Arabs and most influentially the Portuguese. Ilha de Moçambique was a strategic commercial port on the route to India, as well as being an important slave market. It was the first capital of Mozambique. The


architectural settings of Ilha combined with its rich and diverse culture make this site unique and of significant value to the world’s cultural heritage.

4. Derecto 27/2006 de 13 de Julio establishes specific basic principles for conservation of the cultural and natural heritage of Ilha de Moçambique, cultural heritage of humanity and considering the need for coordination of actions among the different stakeholders. Specific aims of this decree include: To harmonize the application of the pertinent national legislation with the norms of UNESCO applicable to the protection of a good of world heritage; Ensure the desirable balance between the competencies attributed to the various levels of intervention in the Ilha de Moçambique in the scope defined by the GoM to value Ilha de Moçambique as an educational, cultural and tourism centre; Establish the rules for coordination among the different stakeholders in the rehabilitation and development of Ilha de Moçambique; To ensure legal protection of ongoing and planned projects to be approved, integrated in the program for sustainable human development and integrated conservation of Ilha de Moçambique.

5.The Lein 10/88 is applicable to the cultural heritage of Ilha de Moçambique, including the built heritage, sub-aquatic and also non-material or non tangible cultural heritage. To the historic and architectural setting of Ilha de Moçambique (Article 3) of the present Law is applicable to:

a) Protection of Cultural Heritage; b) Protection of archaeological heritage; c) Commercialization of ivory, fauna products, arts and crafts, including

those made of precious wood, shells and other marine products, precious and semi-precious stones;

d) Urban infrastructure; e) International Conventions ratified by the GoM.

6 Article 4 of the same decree outlines that the execution of conservation

projects in Ilha de Moçambique shall be preceded by analysis and evaluation and subject to approval by the Gabinete de Conservacao da Ilha de Moçambique (GACIM). In addition, the undertaking of these projects shall be compatible with the sustainable human development program and conservation of Ilha de Moçambique under the management of GACIM.

7 Article 5 of the Decree determines that the architectural characteristics of the built heritage, internal and external, will only be modified subject to authorization by GACIM. In addition, any request to alter the architectural characteristics of the classified buildings of Ilha de Moçambique shall be made through illustrated design made by an accredited specialist.

8 Article 7 determines that the construction or reconstruction of the Ilha’s infrastructure shall receive prior authorization by GACIM.

9 Article 8 stipulates that the sanitation and environmental conservation of the Ilha de Moçambique area, including the beaches, shall be subject to coordinated


interventions of the district government and the municipality with a view to ensuring healthy, attractive and sustainable cultural tourism.

10 Decree number 28/2006 of 13 of July created the Gabinete de Conservacao da Ilha de Moçambique (GACIM), which is a public institution with legal personality and autonomous administrative authority. GACIM was created under the Ministry of Education and Culture (Ministry of Culture under the newly elected government) and has the following aims:

a) Architectural, historical and archaeological protection b) Environmental and cultural tourism protection c) Institutional and technical support.

11 Some of the responsibilities of GACIM include planning, coordination and orientation of research activities, protection, conservation and reinstatement of the built, historical and archaeological heritage of the Ilha de Moçambique. GACIM has its headquarters in Ilha de Moçambique and has competences to:

a) Promote and plan activities for scientific research of Ilha de Moçambique;

b) Analyse, evaluate and authorize new construction projects; c) Analyse, evaluate and issue opinions on projects for conservation and

restoration of classified infrastructures and those proposed for classification;

d) Promote knowledge and respect of the Law and national and international principles regarding conservation and preservation of the built heritage;

e) Promote technical assistance to support conservation projects, rehabilitation and sustainable development of the Island.

12 GACIM comprises the directorate, the department for architectural, historical and archaeological protection, the department for environmental and cultural tourism protection and the department of finance.

13 Given the nature of proposed water supply works, it is expected that any potential impacts can be managed and effectively mitigated through the use of the Environmental and Social Management Framework approved for the WASIS Project and this PCR management plan and PCR screening process. GACIM has been consulted during the development of the concept design and the final detailed design will be subject to their approval.

7. BASELINE

1.GOM Decree number 27/2006 of 13 of July, discussions with the Gabinete de Conservação da Ilha de Moçambique-GACIM and visual inspections of the project area enabled the PCR baseline to be determined. The UNESCO World Heritage Site demarcation boundaries are shown on Map 2 in Appendix 1

2. At this concept stage of the project consultation to gather inputs regarding potential impacts and respective mitigation measures was carried out with institutional stakeholders who comprise: the GACIM, including their UNESCO


advisers, which is responsible for preservation of physical cultural resources in the project area; the Municipality of Ilha da Moçambique Ilha Water Company and the National Directorate of Water. A list of personnel consulted and a record of the discussions is provided in Appendix 2. Direct beneficiaries of the project will be consulted as part of the detailed design process.

3. These consultations provided useful inputs with regards to limiting work and indeed the limited requirement for rehabilitation and expansion work in the “Stone Town”, the area with the highest density of physical cultural resources. It also made clear the strong support provided by all parties including GACIM on the need to improve the provision of water supply on the island. GACIM’s support in principle for historic cisterns to be used to store water was particularly helpful. They had in the past 3 years approved a project to rehabilitate two large cisterns in the San Sebastian Fort and link them to a public water station outside the fort

4. This provides water to people living in the vicinity during, and for a limited period after, the rainy season. They also provided information on the processes that led to the approval of a project to rehabilitate the major road that runs the entire length of the island.

5. In the context of Article 5 of GoM Decree 27/2006 of 13 of July GACIM must authorize any modification to the architectural characteristics of the built heritage, internal and external. In addition, any request to alter the architectural characteristics of the classified buildings of Ilha de Moçambique has to be made through designs and drawings prepared by an accredited specialist. Thus a formal approval by GACIM will be required for incorporation of the “English School” cistern into the project and for the external design of the new small pump station, adjacent to the cistern. These matters have been discussed with GACIM who voiced no objection in principle. A formal submission will be made as part of the detailed design process during project implementation.

6. The area of greatest potential impact is the island, particularly the northern half where the Stone Town is located. However as indicated in Section II the extent of proposed works in that part of the island will be minimal. There will be no impact on coastal waters – the additional transmission pipe will be hung from the existing bridge and will not involve disruption of the seabed.

Photo 6: Existing public standpipe station for rainwater distribution adjacent to the SS Fort.


7. In addition to the major physical cultural resources associated with the UNESCO heritage site the following PCRs are also present in the vicinity of the project area (see Map 1 in Appendix 1 for locations):

a) Graves from early Arabic settlements have been identified on the mainland near Sancul;

b) Several ancient freshwater wells are situated on the Mossuril peninsula One famous one is at the tip of the Cabaceira Peninsula. There are also some inland at the old fortified trading posts and farmhouses [a survey of these sites is yet to be carried out for GASIM;

c) Several sunken Portuguese wooden ships in the shallow seas adjacent to the island [although GASIM in theory has the responsibility for the control of submarine archaeology, the situation is unclear and a commercial archaeological company ‘Arquenautas’ has some form of contract in this sector. Thus at present GASIM has no specific knowledge of the location of any sunken wrecks. In the detail design stage of the project this matter will be pursued, initially, through the Archaeological Department of Eduardo Mondlane University;

d) and there is also a small 1914-18 War British Army gravesite near to Lumbo.

8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1. The project works will have minimal impact on historical and cultural sites. Works close to PCRs will be limited to some shallow excavations for small diameter pipe work near to some historic buildings in Macuti (“Thatched Town”) in the southern half of the island.

2. As noted in Section II, subject to approval of detailed designs by GACIM and the Municipal Authorities, an existing large rainwater collection cistern dating from Portuguese times located at the “English School” in Macuti will be

Photo 7: 1914-18 War British Army grave site near Lumbo.


incorporated into the water supply system to store treated water. This would essentially be maintaining its existing purpose. A small pumping station would need to be constructed nearby to pump the water to the existing water tower in the northern part of the island.

3 No excavation work is planned in the “Stone Town” area. The only project work in this area will be replacement and installation of new water meters

4 Regarding the PCR’s outside of the main UNESCO World Heritage Site: The ancient historical Arabic gravesites and fresh water wells on the mainland are far away from the project work area; 5 The project will have no activities related to the sea surrounding the island, thus the wooden Portuguese ships will not be affected by the project; and

6 A new water pipeline will be laid at least 10 metres from the boundary of the British War Graveyard site at Lumbo. The contract documents for the design and build contract will require that pipeline excavation work at this location is carried out under closely controlled conditions.

7 Chance finds are possible in any excavation carried out during the construction period. Although no excavation work is to be carried out in the Museu “Stone Town”, chance finds are possible in Macuti “Thatched Town” and on the mainland. Clauses prescribing a “Chance Find Procedure” along the lines described in Appendix 3will be included in the specification of the Design and Build contract. In summary these will include requirements to immediately suspend work and to protect the site until the relevant authorities have visited the site and determined what action will be required. The contractor will be required to appoint a designated Project Environmental Management Officer [EMO] who will be responsible for dealing with such chance finds. In the context of Ilha de Moçambique these authorities will be the Municipal Authorities and GACIM.

8 During operation and maintenance of the water supply facilities the only potential impact expected would be on the existing cistern at the “English School” if approval is given for this to be incorporated. As noted previously the expected impact would be minimal as the cistern would simply be fulfilling the purpose for which it was built. Periodic maintenance to keep the cistern clean, similar to what is currently carried out, would need to be undertaken.

Photo 8: Typical existing water meter installation in the Formal Town area ‘Museu’


9 A matrix of potential impacts, their likelihood and duration, extent of potential impact and level of irreversibility of impact is presented below.

Table 1: Potential Impacts

Potential Impact

Likelihood Duration Extent of Potential Damage

Level of Irreversibility of the Impact

Damage to cultural resources in Macuti (“Thatched Town”) including the cistern at the “English School”

Fairly unlikely 3- 6 months of the construction period

If approval is given to incorporate the cistern it will need to be connected via inlet and outlet pipes. It would also need to be cleaned and disinfected.

Low. Any repairs necessary would be easily and quickly effected to the approval of GACIM

Damage to historical buildings in Museu (“Stone Town”).

Very unlikely 3 month meter replacement period

Minor non structural damage,

Low. Repairs would be easily and quickly effected to the approval of GACIM

Damage to War cemetery

Very unlikely 1month pipe laying period

Minor damage to perimeter fencing

Low, repairs would be easily and quickly effected to the approval of the British & Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Damage to Ancient Arabic graves at Sanculu

No likelihood in the context of the project due to location far from the project area.

Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

Damage to Ancient fresh water wells at Cabaceira Pequena and Mossuril

No likelihood in the context of the project due to location far from the project area


Sunken wooden Portuguese ships

No likelihood in the context of the project due to location outside of project area


Chance finds within the project area

Fairly unlikely 15 month construction period

Find may be damaged, destroyed, or stolen

High if Contractor awareness is not implemented and management procedures not implemented.

9 MITIGATING MEASURES

1.The principle mitigation measure will be to avoid to the extent possible work in or near physical cultural resources. As noted above work in the “Stone Town”, which has the highest concentration of physical cultural resources, will largely be


limited to replacing consumer meters. This will be done using hand tools. Few people actually live in the “Stone Town” and thus water demand there is fairly low. There are some historic buildings in Macuti, the “Thatched Town”, where most of the people on the island live. To the extent possible rehabilitation and/or replacement of facilities will be kept as far away from these buildings as possible. Where this is unavoidable the contract will require the contractor to undertake work using hand tools under the close supervision of their Environmental Management Officer. In reality given the low cost of labour in Mozambique the vast majority of construction work, including the excavation of trenches for pipelines, is carried out by hand rather than by machine.

2.As previously noted it would be advantageous to use the large historic storage cistern located at the “English School” in Macuti. The cistern has already been rehabilitated and is used to a limited extent to capture and store rain water. The new pumping station that will be required to distribute water from the cistern will be designed and constructed to blend in with the local surroundings to the satisfaction of GACIM. As indicated in Section V GACIM have approved the use of other similar cisterns at Fort San Sebastian in the Stone Town. Detailed designs for the proposed work will be submitted to GACIM for approval in accordance with Decree 27 and any requirements they may have incorporated. Again the contractor through the contract will be required to use hand tools for any work relating to the cistern with the work carried out under close supervision.

3.The contract documents for the design and build contract will incorporate a section relating to the protection of physical cultural resources. This will require the contractor to: appoint an Environmental Management Officer who will be responsible for ensuring the PCR protective measures are followed; use hand tools only and avoid the use of mobile construction equipment near PCRs; and follow procedures specified in the contract relating to chance finds (see Appendix 3). 4.The detailed design will be reviewed and construction supervised by an independent Project Implementation Assistance and Capacity Building Consultant funded through the additional finance. The implementing agency will be required to hire an experienced international consultant in accordance with the World Bank Procurement Guidelines for this assignment. The consultant will be responsible, amongst other things, for ensuring that the PCR requirements of the contract are followed. 5.Finally the project is fortunate to have located on the island the resources and expertise of the GACIM and their UNESCO advisers. An excellent inventory of PCRs already exists and they clearly have the capacity and willingness to work with the project authorities to ensure effective implementation of this management plan. They will be invited to regular progress meetings of the supervision consultant and contractor and their input solicited on work planning and implementation.

10 RECOMMENDATIONS


In the interests of the health and quality of life of the residents of and visitors to the municipality of Ilha da Moçambique it is important that the quantity of water supplied is increased and the quality improved as soon as possible. The concept design presented in this management plan indicates that this can be achieved with minimal impact on historical and cultural sites through adoption of the mitigation measures described in Section VII. The principle mitigation measure will be to avoid to the extent possible work in or near physical cultural resources. In the specific case where it is being proposed that an historic water cistern should be incorporated into the water supply system the detailed design will be subject to the approval of authorities responsible for PCR preservation, the Gabinete de Conversacao. Measures and procedures for dealing with chance finds will be incorporated into the design and build contract documents and the construction phase will be supervised by experienced, independent international consultants. On this basis it is recommended that approval is given to proceed to detailed design and construction. The WASIS Environmental Management Plan and this PCR management plan should be reviewed and if necessary updated concurrently with the preparation of detailed design.


Appendices

1. Maps and Drawings 2. Personnel Consulted and Summary of Meetings 3. Chance Find Procedures 4. UNESCO documents 5. Mozambique Legislation Relating to PCR. Lein 10/88 de 22 de Dezembro 6. Preliminary PCR screening checklist/report


Appendix 1: Maps and Drawings

7.1 Location map of Municipality of Ilha de Moçambique – showing outline of project

7.2 UNESCO map of the World Heritage Site Conservation area and buffer zones

7.3 The Island of Ilha de Moçambique 7.4 Schematic Diagramme of the Proposed Project


Map 1 Location map of Municipality of Ilha de Moçambique – showing outline of project and known PCR sites


1.2 Map 2 UNESCO map of the World Heritage Site Conservation area and buffer zones


1.3 Map3 The Island of Ilha de Moçambique

N


Entende

Entende network

Macuti standpipe network

Existing Island 100m³ water tower

New mainland 100m³ water tower at local highpoint, 500m³ ground tank and pump station

Existing 150m³ ground tanks & pump station

25 m asl

14 m asl

2m asl

Refurbished existing 900m³ cistern & new pumpstation

Steel ground tank

HTPE pipe bridge crossing

New 23 km 200mm DI trunk main & refurbished 175 mm uPVC distribution main

Small roadside community networks

Lumbo network North

coastal network

South coastal networks

Existing 100M³ Water Tower at Entende

1.4: Ilha de Moçambique District Municipality Improved Water Supply Scheme Schematic Diagramme


Appendix 2: Personnel Consulted and Summary of Meetings

Public meeting were conducted in line with the Mozambican law described by the Ministerial Diploma 130/2006 for Public Consultation.

1. Two meetings were held in Ilha da Moçambique 15th December 2009

Table 2: Key Stakeholders Consulted

Stakeholders Institutions

Representative

1 Director GACIM 2 Advisor GACIM 3 Presidente da Ilha da Moçambique 4 Ilha Water Company 5 Ilha Water Company 6 DNA

Celestino Girimula

Jens Hougaard

Alfrado Artur Matata

André Camimala

Abdul Atumandu

Pedrito António

Summary of meetings with Stakeholders In order to gather public’s views on the proposed program, at this early stage, public consultation meeting was held in Ilha de Moçambique. A summary of the project information was produced and distributed. The public consultation meetings took place in Ilha de Moçambique on the 15th of December 2009. Below is the summary of the minutes of the meeting.

Date of the meeting: 15th December 2009 Location: Municipality of Ilha de Moçambique Number of participants: 8 Participation was fairly small due another meeting taking place the same day in Ilha de Moçambique which involved many of the potential participants. List of participants Pedrito António AIAS Peter Duncan-Jones Aus AID Tony Wright Consultant to AusAID Dulcidio Francisco Consultant to AusAID André Camimala Abdul Atumandu


Jens Hougaard Celestino Girimula Introduction: On the 15th of December 09, two separate meetings were held in Ilha de Moçambique, one with the Gabinete de Conservação da Ilha de Moçambique-GACIM (Island conservation office) and the other was held with the Major of Ilha in a separate occasion. The objective of the meeting was to present and discuss the conceptual design of the project with relevant stakeholders and gather opinions and concerns about the project, before final application for approval of the project implementation is made. After a brief presentation of the project components, their proposed localization, preliminary cost estimates and the number of beneficiaries of the project, by Tony Wright, Jens Hougaard from GACIM gave an overview of the role and responsibility of this office, which are basically for planning and controlling the urban conservation of the Island, and it plays a technical back born role for municipality with regard to projects review for the island.

Significant Issues Raised: While there was a prompt support and understanding for the need of the project on the island due to current inefficient water supply system, one concern raised by GACIM (Jens Hougaard) was the fact that currently the Cistern at English School, which is being proposed to be incorporated as a storage reservoir for the project saves as a backup rainwater supply for the community as the system has never been effective ever since. Tony Wright responding to the concern explained that, the usage of this cistern would increase the storage capacity of the island and hence ensure 24 hour availability of water to the communities. From the human heath or water quality perspective the incorporation of the cistern into project was welcomed, as at the moment the cistern catchment area is used as a disco area which makes the water inappropriate for human consumption as it does not go through any treatment irrespective of all the garbage that runs into the cistern. Attention was called for the project not to disturb the ancient Arab cemeteries and ancient borehole sites at Sanculu on the Mainland. To which the project team has assured the conservation office that even the current conceptual design has already avoided any works in the proximity of these sites and it will be so until completion of the project. To conclude the conservation office expressed their appreciation for being involved from the infant stage of the project, and pledged all their support to the project.


The meeting with the Mayor followed straight away and once again a brief presentation of the conceptual design was made. To which the major responded by pledging and the Municipality support and offering his help whenever needed to expedite the necessary licensing process for the implementation of the project.

2.Two meetings were held simultaneously in Ilha da Moçambique and Maputo on 7th June 2010 In order to gather public’s views on the proposed program, public consultation meetings was held in Ilha de Moçambique and Maputo. The format for both meetings was as follows. After introductions by the presenters and the participants, project information was given in a slide presentation .This was followed by a question and answer information session. Then opinions were sought from the participants concerning their support for the project. Attendance, questions, answers and opinions were recorded. Below are the summaries of the minutes of the meeting. The date and venue for both meeting was advertised in the national newspaper ‘Noticias’ on 27th May 2010. The venue and date of the Maputo meeting were amended and this was also advertised in ‘Noticias. Included in this section are copies of the newspaper advertisements and the slide presentation. 2.1 Ilha de Moçambique.

Table 3: Key Stakeholders Consulted Stakeholders Institutions

Representative

DNA/DES DNA/DAU DNA/GPC AIAS D Enfo Asiem I de M GASIM Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Sect Barrio Marangue Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M REGECO Consolho Islamica Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M Member Assembly da Ilha de M

Gengro Equidris Mussa Joaes Armelía Fransico Makoti Judas Alberto Macauco Sheila de Silva André Comimala Celestino Girumula Monteivia José Acdumo Mare Scaptia Bene Gira Fatima Mussa Anifo Issufo Amísso Atuinane Chehusia Calipa Orisso Chessena Arium A Besundi Haidathe Mussa Amira Assane Foarila Aldala Vialayali Mamisel Adassa Faria Holeval Pede Hagina Carlos Facual Casscuew Ormor Aboron


Sec Barrio Unidade Sec Barrio Esteu Sec Barrio Unidade Sec Barrio Macaride AIAS Apetuo Comercialite Ref Comunidade Huculmano Conselho Islamico Sheikhe de Conferaru R D Confelia de Satate Bidia Relegiosio GACIM Confraria Bagdad Coocelho Municipal A M Dailhatoi A M Dailhatoi Sercul Fairases Chaiz H CMCI ITEC Technico Empresa Água Funcioniana Água Funcioniana Água Águas da Ilha Cropode Attassante Gropo de Nezope Assanate Assanate Foria

Masilinho Fannonci Manuel Pedro Chale Mussa Raibo Mussa Pedrito António Yasolulu Mohouefale Mamade Albino Mamade Gulamo Issufo Antonio Mahando Mussa Selemane Chehe Vontida Omar Amisse Maheiria Chel Ahameda Aharma Jens Hougaard Hafiz Jamu Maria H A Saeelimo Haguige Carlos Faisef Cassiuo Apeharla Abnido Mohamed Chale Nacufe Manuel Pecula Abydo Nairo Humani Costa Peneiro Hipito Momadi Rabia Abdennemane Surmaila Amada Pincho Mussa Pinta Ibraimo Aziza

Summary of meetings with Stakeholders

Date of the meeting: 7th June 2010 Location: Offices of the Municipality of Ilha de Moçambique Number of participants: Presenters: Pedrito António AIAS Dulcidio Francisco Consultant [TWP] Representing AusAID Introduction


A public consultation meeting was held at the Municipality Conference Room and was attended by more than 50 people representing various stakeholders and interested parties of which included: local religious groups, public sector, tourism, commerce, GACIM, government institutions and civil society . The opening of the meeting was conducted by Manuel Sumagy, on behalf of the Ilha de Moçambique’s Mayor who was away. Mr Sumagy after welcoming all the participants and inviting each one to introduce themselves, he invited Pedrito António the Chief Executive Director (CEO) of the recently created AIAS to proceed with the presentation of the proposed project. Before starting with the presentation, Mr António outlined the objective of the meeting stating that : far from being a meeting to present the intended project, it is more of a forum to discuss, gather opinions and concerns so that they can be incorporated in the following stages of the project development. He stressed the fact that because Ilha de Moçambique is a World Heritage Site, special attention needed to be exercised so that these valuable properties of Humanity could be protected and once again encouraging the active participation of all the guests. Mr António started the presentation by giving a brief overview of the current decentralization reforms taking place in the water sector which culminated with the creation of FIPAG and today AIAs an institution which will be responsible in overseeing the management and operation of the Ilha de Moçambique water company. At the end of presentation of the presentation questions were invited from the participants. This was followed by a request for any objections to the project proceeding as discussed. Q: Jens Hougaard from GACIM acknowledging that he has been involved/consulted from the very beginning stage of this project development and his question was whether the mentioned capacity of 9000m3 of the cistern at English school was the correct figure as he was of the opinion that the cistern is smaller. A: Pedrito Antonio explained that at this point in time there is not yet a detailed project design, all the projections are based on the information gathered from interviewing people, review of existing documents and observations made on the ground. But all these information would be verified on the next stages of the project development. Q: Maria Helena from the Mozambique Postal service, asked how will Ilha de Moçambique be supplied with water during the project implementation as it was mentioned on the presentation that the two existing 150m3 reservoirs and cistern at the English school will all be refurbished. A: It was assured that the implementation of the project will not disrupt the water supply to Ilha, operational measures will be put in place to ensure that there is no disruption on the current water distribution. Q: Anifo Issufo (Municipality Assembly) stated that the current management system at the water company is confusing, it is not clear to who the water company reports to. A: It was explained that the reason for creation of AIAS is exactly to revert this


situation and as part of this project the current management arrangements will be reviewed and improved. Q: Mamade Albino a local businessman, asked about the time frame for the implementation of the project, as he has heard about the project for along time now but to date nothing seems to be getting off the ground. A: It was explained to him that it is also the preoccupation of the government that things are not moving fast enough, and the government has been working closely with the project consultants to expedite the process. But the definite time line will be given at the detailed design phase. Q: Other commonly raised issues were; whether the domestic connections would be free or paid for and why no connections were included for the over populated residential area of Makuti. A: The answers to these were: regarding the connections, the 2.500 connections mentioned on the presentation would be covered by the project but additional to these ones would be covered by the individuals themselves. Regarding the connections at Makuti, it was explained that the existing conditions in this area did not allow for domestic connections and that network expansion would take place at the other side of the Ilha so that people would be attracted to go and take advantage of the new infrastructure. Presented below is the summary of the recommendations given at the meeting: • The project team should work closely with the municipality as there are plan to

pave the streets in Ilha de Moçambique so this would be to avoid paving areas that would be later be disturbed for piping;

• The project team should expedite the consultation process as it as been for a long period of time without producing any results to date

• The project must ensure that local labour is given top priority during the construction phase of the project.

Significant Issues Raised: There were no significant issues or dissent raised by the participants.

2.2 Maputo. Table 4: Key Stakeholders Consulted Stakeholders Institutions

Representative

FIPAG [National Water Implementation & Funding Authority] DNATA/MICOA [National Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment/ Ministry of Environmental Affairs] CRA [National Water Regulator] AIAS [Water & Sanitation Infrastructure Administration] DNA/DAU [National Department of Water/ Urban Water] DNA/DES [National Department of Water/ Sanitation Dept.]

Cremilda Sitole Rosalina Naife Leonido Mosés Funzamo Pedro Simone Jaime Michanga Raul Mutevúde


Millennium Challenge Authority Ministério da Culturia DNA/DAR [National Department of Water/ Rural Water] DNA/GPC [National Department of Water/ Office of planning control] SGS Environmental Consultants Millennium Challenge Authority Consultec [Engineering & Environmental Consultants] Millennium Challenge Authority University Eduardo Mondlane CEISA [Faculty of Architecture] MOPH [Ministry of Public Works & Housing] DNA/DES [National Department of Water/ Sanitation Dept.] WSUP [NGO –Water & Sanitation for Urban Poor] DNA/DES [National Department of Water/ Sanitation Dept.] Millennium Challenge Authority Ministério da Culturia DNA/DAU [National Department of Water/ Urban Water] DNA [National Department of Water]

Eduardo Langa Emanuel Drousio Ana Mabote Luis Bernado Inocendo Fundono Jorge Sito Guilhermana Honwana Felĩcio Fernanda Arcangelo Bassela Victozano Joaquim Daude Carius Carla Barros Costa Rostina B Mussingui Armelia Fumo Emanuel Douisio Grazla M Bita Arlindo Correia

Summary of meetings with Stakeholders

Date of the meeting: 7th June 2010 Location: Direcção Nacional de Águas Head Office Number of participants: 24 Presentors: Pedro Simone AIAS Tony Wright Consultant [TWP] Representing AusAID Summary: After introducing the presenters and the background to the project, the need for the public consultation was explained. This was followed by the slide presentation. The presenters then gave a briefing on the specific issues related to the project scope in the context of the conservation area. Questions were invited from the participants. This was followed by a request for any objections to the project proceeding as discussed. Q: Why was sanitation not included in the project scope? A: AusAID are aware of the need for improved sanitation, especially for the island communities and have included funding for a study of a way forward to address this aspect.


Q: Why improve water supply on the island when it would be more strategic to convince island inhabitant to move to the mainland? A: On the island we are only providing improved public standpipe coverage, but on the mainland we are providing an infrastructure of domestic connections. Q: When will the project commence? A: It is planned that tenders will be invited in September for the actual construction to commence early in 2011. Q: Will training of the local water company be provided? A: Yes a major component of the funding will be for institutional support to AIAS and the local water authority. Q: Is our project in line with the district urbanisation planning? A: We have worked closely with the District Municipality and Water Company and involved them in our proposals. Q: With the improvements, water pressure will increase potentially causing leakage in the existing system and in consumer properties. How will this be addressed? A: The envisaged institutional support will include system maintenance and consumer assistance.

Significant Issues Raised There were no significant issues or dissent raised by the participants.


Appendix 3: Chance Find Procedures [adapted from WB PCR Guidebook 2009]

Contracts for civil works involving excavations should normally incorporate procedures for dealing with situations in which buried PCR are unexpectedly encountered. The final form of these procedures will depend upon the local regulatory environment, including any chance find procedures already incorporated in legislation dealing with antiquities or archaeology.

The following will form the basis for a section in the Contract Specification for the D&B Contractor.

Roles & Responsibilities

1. GASIM [Gabinete de Conservação de Ilha de Moçambique] is the specific conservation authority appointed by GoM.

2. GASIM through their Ilha da Moçambique office will provide the service of an archaeologist or similar qualified person, on call to advise the Contractor on matters related to chance finds.

3. The EMO will be the point of contact for the Contractor in all matters concerning GASM.

2 A Chance Find is defined as a: “movable or immovable object, site, structure or group of structures having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance”.

3 In most cases ownership will be GoM, however it may be a religious

institution, the land owner, or could be as determined later by GASIM. Recognition & Suspension of Work in the circumstance of discovery of a Chance Find:

4 The Contractor must immediately notify the EMO of all possible chance finds and cease work in the locality until he informed otherwise by the EMO .

5 The Contractor may only be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period with the prior agreement of the EMO.

6 The EMO may suspend work and to request from the Contractor some

excavations at the Contractor’s expense if he believes that a discovery had been made but not reported.

Demarcation of the Discovery Site


7 The Contractor will be required to temporarily demarcate,and limit access to, the site as instructed by the EMO.

Non-Suspension of Work

8 The EMO may decide, and instruct the Contractor that the PCR may be removed and for the work to continue, in specific circumstances, for example, where the find is one coin.

Chance Find Report

9 The Contractor must at the request of the EMO, and within a specified time period, make a Chance Find Report, recording: a. Date and time of discovery; b. Location of the discovery; c. Description of the PCR; d. Estimated weight and dimensions of the PCR; e. Temporary protection implemented. f. The Chance Find Report should be submitted to the EMO, GASIM

and any other concerned parties as advised by the EMO as agreed with GASIM, and in accordance with national legislation.

Arrival and Actions of Cultural Authority

5 The EMO undertakes to ensure that a GASIM representative will arrive at the discovery site within an agreed time such as 24 hours, and determine the action to be taken. Such actions may include, but not be limited to:

10.1 Removal of PCR deemed to be of significance; 10.2 Execution of further excavation within a specified distance of the

discovery point; 10.3 Extension or reduction of the area demarcated by the contractor.

11 These actions should be taken within a specified period, for example, 7

days. The Contractor may only be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period with the prior agreement of the EMO.

12 Should the GASIM representative fails to arrive within the stipulated period (for example, 24 hours), the EMO may extend the period by a further stipulated time.

13 Should the GASIM representative fails to arrive after the extension

period, the EMO may instruct the Contractor to remove the PCR or undertake other mitigating measures and resume work. Such additional works may be charged to the contract. However, the Contractor will not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period.

Further Suspension of Work


14 During this 7-day period, the GASIM representative will be entitled to

request the temporary suspension of the work at or in the vicinity of the discovery site for an additional period of up to, for example, 30 days.

15 The Contractor will be, entitled to claim compensation for work

suspension during this period.

16 Alternatively the Contractor will be entitled to establish an agreement with the GASIM for additional services or resources during this further period under a separate contract with the GASIM.


4 UNESCO documents 4.a) WORLD HERITAGE LIST No 599

A) IDENTIFICATION

Nomination : llha de Mocambique

Location : Province of Nampula

State : Mozambique

Date . 1 October 1990

B) ICOMOS RECOMMENDATION

That this cultural property be included on the World Heritage List on the basis of Criteria IV and VI.

C) BACKGROUND

Inhabited by a Bantu tribe, the territory of Mozambique was occupied circa 900 by Arabs who set up trading posts.

In their search for a maritime route to India to avoid Muslim forces, the Portuguese decided to go around the continent of Africa. John II (1481-1495) sent Bartolomeu Dias to explore the African coast. Sailing beyond the coast of the Congolese kingdom, the great navigator rounded the extreme southern tip of Africa, unaware of the feat he had accomplished. It was not until his return that he discovered the “Cape of Storms,” which John II renamed Cape of Good Hope.

Manuel I (14951521) ordered Vasco da Gama to continue the search for a maritime route. Leaving Lisbon in July 1497, he reached the Island of Mocambique (Mocambique) on 2 March 1498, where he was well received by the sultan and the people who thought the Portuguese were Muslims. During his second voyage, he occupied the territories of present-day Mozambique and returned to Lisbon in 1503 laden with


gold. Some years later, the Island of Mocambique had become one of Portugal’s principal ports and trading posts on the sea route to India. The first fortress, St. Gabriel, was built in 1507. At the end of the 17th century, after enjoying strong economic expansion, the town with its fortifications, along with the smaller island of St. Laurent (which is included in the proposal), went into a period of decline. In the second half of the 18th century the economy was revived by the slave trade.

15 In 1898 the capital of Mozambique (the Portuguese colony) was transferred to Laurenco Marques (Maputo), considerably slowing down the economy of the town on the island of Mocambique. The town had developed unequally over nearly 400 years. Less than half of it was built of stone, a bit more than one-fourth in macuti, with the remainder being the various fortifications.

The incredible architectural unity of the island derives from the uninterrupted use of the same building techniques with the same materials and the same decorative principles. The island’s patrimony also includes its oldest extant fortress (St. Sebastian, 1558-I 620), other defensive buildings and numerous religious buildings (including many from the 16th century).

The island has been classed on the national level and for about ten years has benefited from restoration work and studies by international specialists (UNESCO sent experts there in 1981). However, while the present state of conservation is not fully satisfactory, a restoration and management program is in progress.

Criterion IV. The town and the fortifications on the Island of Mocambique, and the smaller island of St. Laurent, are an outstanding example of an architecture in which local traditions, Portuguese influences and, to a somewhat lesser extent, Indian and Arab influences are all interwoven.

Criterion VI. The Island of Moçambique bears important witness to the establishment and development of the Portuguese maritime routes between Western Europe and the Indian sub-continent and thence all of Asia.

ICOMOS, May 1991


UNESCO Document 4.2

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