REPUBLIC OF IRAQ - World Bank€¦ · 14/03/2016 · According to the hydro-geological...

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REPUBLIC OF IRAQ

Ministry of Construction, Housing, Municipalities & Public Works

Emergency Operation Development Projects (EODP)

(P155732)

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

For the

AL-AWJA - OWAINAT WATER TREATMENT PLANT IN SALAH AL-

DIN GOVERNORATE

February, 12, 2017

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Revision History

Version Revision

Date

Description or

Reason for Change

Discipline

Review

Director

Review Approval

Prepared by: Tatyana Gorskaya

Contributors:

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is prepared in accordance to the

Terms of Reference for Al-Awja - Owainat Water Treatment Plant, Salah Al-Din

Governorate within the framework of Emergency Operation for Development Project

(EODP) (P155732) (IBRD Loan No.: 8520). According to the World Bank environmental

safeguards the project is categorized as Category B.

Project Description

The project is located in the city of Tikrit, Salah Al-Din Governorate, approximately 140

km north of Baghdad.

Figure 1: Administrative Project Location

Output of the water treatment plant in 2200 m3/day for 22 hour operation per day; 1000

m3/hr.

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The project consists of the following components:

Intake stricture.

Low lift pumps.

Sedimentation tank (2).

Filter tanks (6)

Alum system

Chemical building

Chlorine system

High lift pump station

Motor Control Center (MCC) building

Ground reservoir

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system.

At present, the facilities are destroyed conditions and in completely non-operational

condition.

Figure 2: Present Condition of the Facilities

The area have received clearance from the Iraqi Armed Forces for the absence of

UXO/REW, however, accidental discovery is still possible. In case of the discovery, the

personnel should be immediately evacuated and armed forces contacted. The works could

be resumed only after removal of the munitions.

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The project will require a Main Camp, the operational center, with prefabricated offices

and parking areas for administration and technical staff. This will also include areas for

materials testing and storage, and equipment cleaning and maintenance. The need for

residential accommodation is likely to be relatively minor. The accommodation at the camp

will be required for the security guards, 2 persons. The construction camp should have

independent sources of water and electricity, and the septic tank for the residential effluent

disposal. The construction camp will be located on the state-owned land within the

perimeter of the existing water pumping station.

The personnel requirements for the project are 47 persons including administrative staff,

technical staff, qualified construction crew and unskilled labor. All workers will be locally

hired.

The project comprises the rehabilitation of the existing facilities with no additional

structures or pipelines to be constructed. Therefore, the project will not require any

permanent or temporary land acquisition. As a result OP 4.12 will not be applied.

The total project duration is 6 months. The main goal of the project is the rehabilitation of

facilities for the provision of the potable water. The project is expected to provide drinking

water to approximately 35000 local residents and IDPs. At present, the residents rely

almost exclusively on the water delivered by water tankers for drinking purposes which

poses additional financial burden on household.

Work consists of a simple civil works such as cleaning work and raise dirt debris resulting

from combat operations and rehabilitation of all the damaged civil buildings such as Intake,

Sedimentation Tank, Filtration Building, Storage Tank, MCC Building and services

buildings and repainting buildings and replace and renovating pipes, bathrooms, doors,

windows and re-paving of internal roads and treatment of cracks in the sedimentation tank

and Storage Tank.

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Most of the works in this project are the electrical and mechanical works include supply,

installation, and operation of the pumps, electric transformers, electric generator and the

replacement of cables and outdoor lightings.

The intake structure shall be constructed from reinforced concrete. The pump sump

(Basement) shall be designed as a water tight structure in two compartments for

independent operation during maintenance with bypass arrangement controlled by a 2 Nos.

sluice valves. The floor of the (Basement) shall be sloped to one corner with a sump to

pump accumulated settled sludge to the river using duplicated submersible pumps. The

Basement shall have access ladder and lighting. The channel from river to the intake

Basement shall be constructed according to the drawing from reinforced concrete the

contractor is responsible to make a full hydraulic study to design the final shape of the

channel. Rip-raping along the shoulder of the river for a distance of 50m from each side of

the channel to protect the structure and to direct the water to the channels. The necessary

arrangements are to be made to minimize the problem of settling of the suspended matter

at the channel bar during high turbidity seasons by using submerged scraping device.

The breakdown of duration of project activities is presented in the Table below:

Table 1: Duration of Construction Activities

# Activity Duration (man days)

1 Cleaning post-combat debris 75

2 Construction of the intake structure 75

3 Rehabilitation of Intake Structure 60

4 Rehabilitation of sedimentation tank 60

5 Rehabilitation of filtration facilities 60

6 Rehabilitation of storage tank 60

7 Rehabilitation of MCC building 60

8 Rehabilitation of service building 60

9 Replacing of pipes 35

10 Repair and paving of roads within the facility 14

11 Installation of doors and windows 28

11 Painting 38

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12 Electrical and mechanical works 42

Baseline Conditions

The project is located in the city of Tikrit, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The project

location is approximately 140km north of capital city of Baghdad. The project is located

directly on the bank of the Tigris River. The area is void of residential settlements,

industrial facilities and predominantly used for livestock grazing and limited rain-fed crop

cultivation during rainy periods.

Regional Geology, Topography and Seismic Activity

Stratigraphically, the project area is dominated by geological formations ranging from

Middle Miocene to Quaternary. In the project location the geological formation is

composed of thin-bedded, black bituminous limestone, dolomitic limestone and black

papery shale with streaks of thin black chert. The terrain is characterized as flat to gently

rolling plains, hills, and mountains. In the project area the elevations are ranging between

300-550 m asl. The maximum elevation is 543.5 m asl and the minimum elevation is 313.9

m asl.

The project area is located in the minor damage zone with the seismic activity of I-II on

MM scale.

Water Resources

According to the hydro-geological classification of Iraq, the project area is located in the

Low Fold hydro-geological zone. The Low Fold zone is filled by sedimentary formations

that range in age from Late Miocene to Recent: Fatha, Injana, Mukdadiyah and Bai Hassan,

and Quaternary cover. These formations represent the main aquifers in this zone. The

general trend of the groundwater movement is mainly from north and northwest towards

south and southeast.

The groundwater quality in the project area is slightly brackish with the salinity of 1000-

3000 ppm. The groundwater depth in the project area ranges from 10-20 m below surface.

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The area consists of potentially fertile soils characterized as heavy alluvial soils, with some

organic content and a high proportion of clays. The soil classification is 68.4% silty loam,

20.9% silty clay loam and 10.7% is clay soil. The river bed is composed of fine sand, silt

and clays with rather high sedimentation load.

Climate

The climate in the project area is characterized as Mid-steppe and desert climate. The

average temperature is 22.2°C. The warmest month, on average, is July with an average

temperature of 35°C. The coolest month on average is January, with an average

temperature of 9.4°C. The average amount of precipitation per year is 348 mm per year.

The predominant wind direction is Northeast in the months November through to April,

and predominantly north-west in the months May-October. The mean average wind speed

is 10-12 km/h with the wind gusts reaching up to 26-28 km/h.

Ambient Air Quality and Noise

At present, there is no information on ambient air quality in the project area; no

measurements on air quality were performed previously. The roads in the area are mostly

rural unpaved roads and roads in rather bad conditions partially destroyed due to the war

conditions in recent years. The main source of pollution is dust generated through the

agricultural activities and use of the rural roads in addition to the dust generated by windy

conditions during dry periods. Potentially, there might be the additional air pollution from

the operating oil fields and/or refineries.

Similarly, no information on noise levels is available for the project area. However, the

noise level in the rural area with limited vehicle movement and limited agricultural

activities is not a significant issue.

Biological Environment

The project area is located in the Mesopotamian shrub desert terrestrial eco-region

considered as a transitional zone between the Syrian Desert and steppe region further north.

This terrestrial eco-zone is categorized as vulnerable and due to the security concerns have

received little focused study.

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Vegetation reflects the Mesopotamian province of the Irano-Turanian eco-region and is

characterized by the dominance of the drought-tolerant low shrubs with a variety of grasses

and legumes.

The area of the project is located in a general area identified as a fly-way route for

migratory birds from Eastern Europe and West Siberia to Mesopotamia and Africa.

The riparian vegetation predominantly comprises reeds and rushes that grow in the wetland

areas and poplars, willows and tamarisk trees along river channels, banks, and beside

irrigation ditches throughout the country. The freshwater habitats of the marshlands, which

are part of the Tigris‐Euphrates River Eco-region, are surrounded by desert xeric shrub

lands and therefore are considered as important corridors for the wildlife.

The project area is located in a close proximity to the Important Bird Area (IBA) –

Samarrah Wetland, approximately 2.5-3 km north of the IBA. No conservation practices

are exercised in the project area apart from the control of hunting to the extent they are

controlled and monitored throughout the country.

Socio-Economic Environment

The total population of the Salah Al-Din Governorate is 1.5 million people, the population

of Tikrit is approximately 160,000. The main demographic indicators are:

Population growth rate is 2.6%, according to the available statistics until 2014;

Age category of less than 15 years is 40% in 2012; the category of 15- 64 years of

age is %56.9 in 2012.

Population percentage in the urban areas is 69%, rural population was 31% for

2014.

Economic activity in Salah Al-Din is centered around agriculture. 44% of the

governorate’s workforce is employed in the agricultural sector, the highest

percentage among all 18 provinces.

Salah Al-Din has 18% unemployment rate, and 39.9% live below the poverty line

of $2.20 per day.

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Illiteracy rate is 15.7% with the school enrollment: 78.3% primary education;

14.7% secondary education.

Education: One university (Tikrit University, 2900 students), 269 secondary

schools, 16 vocational schools (commercial, industrial and technical), 11 teacher

training institutes.

Health: Salah Al-Din has 9 hospitals and 13 public medical clinics.

Access to drinking water: 72.5%.

Access to sanitary network: 82.4%.

No sanitary landfills in the area, only authorized dumping sites; municipal waste

collection rate is 43.1%

Access to electricity grid: 89.6%

Legal Aspects

The applicable national legislation is as following:

The Law for the Protection and Improvement of Environment No. 27, 2009;

Forests and Woodlands Law No. 30 of 2009;

Protection of Wild Animals and Birds No. 21 of 1979;

Regulating Exploitation and Protection of Aquatic Life No. 46 of 1976;

Ministry of Water Resources Law No. 50 of 2008;

Public Health Law No. 89 of 1981, amended by Resolution No.54 of 2001;

Iraqi Drinking Water Standard No. (417)-2001;

Regulation for the Provision of Water Resources, No. 2, 2001;

Regulation for the Protection of Rivers No. 25, 1967;

Law No. 27 of 1999 concerning the establishment of the General Authority for

Water and Sewage;

Instructions No. 2 of 2014 on Environmental Protection from Municipal Waste;

Directive No. (67) of 1986 Regulating the Debris Collection Areas;

Clean Air Act No. 1 of 2004;

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Noise Prevention Law No. 21 of 1966;

Directive No. 4 of 1993 concerning occupational health, protection of workers

against vibration;

Instructions No. 3/1985 Concerning Occupational Safety;

Law No. 6 of 1988 concerning the National Commission for Occupational Hygiene

and Safety;

Law No. 55 of 2002 for The Antiquities & Heritage of Iraq;

Acquisition Law No.12. of 1981

At present, there is no national Building Code in Iraq and the most commonly used are the

ACI 318 codes.

The main WB safeguard policies triggered by this project are:

OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources

BP 17.50 Disclosure Policies

OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways

According to OP 7.50 the riparian countries sharing the same water bodies should be

informed about any developmental projects on international waterways. However, in case

of this project the exceptions of notifying the riparian countries are applicable since the

project is located in the lowest downstream riparian and will not adversely affect the quality

and quantity of the water of other riparian states.

In case of the difference between the National Legislation and WB Safeguard Guidelines,

it has been agreed that the WB instructions will prevail over the national legislation

provisions.

The EHS Guidelines applicable to the project are:

Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines

EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation

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When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS

Guidelines, projects will be required to achieve whichever is more stringent.

Impacts Assessment

The assessment of the potential adverse impacts on different environmental parameters

during the construction phase was done using the Leopold Matrix: on the horizontal axis,

the actions which cause environmental impact, and on the vertical axis, the existing

environmental receptors which may be affected by those actions.

Rehabilitation/Construction Phase

The adverse impacts of the rehabilitation/construction activities are expected to be minor

to moderate and short-term. None of the identified impacts is evaluated as particularly

severe. The anticipated impacts are:

Increased potential of soil contamination during cleaning activities, inadequate

waste disposal;

Accidental spillage of fuel and lubricants during transportation of the construction

materials;

Contamination of groundwater through the leachate from improperly disposed

construction debris and materials containing hazardous matter;

Increased dust generation during clearance, and movement of heavy equipment and

machinery;

Increased noise and vibration levels during removal of post-combat debris, and

heavy machinery movement;

Potential of discovery of the artifacts during excavation and unintentional damage

to those in case of accidental discovery;

Some damage to landscape during clearance reducing the aesthetic appearance of

the area;

Habitat fragmentation of the freshwater habitat could occur during the construction

of the intake structure due to the installation of the cofferdam thus causing the

diversion of the water flow and additionally increased turbidity of the water.

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Operation Phase

During operational phase the impacts are anticipated to be minor. The scheduled

maintenance works and repairs in case of emergency are very short-term and localized,

therefore their impact is also considered as minor. The anticipated adverse impacts are:

Potential soil contamination due to accidental overflow of the storm water drainage

system;

Surface water contamination through overflow of storm water, disposal of

hazardous materials during regular and emergency maintenance;

Air pollution due to the operations of the diesel generator and pumps, emissions of

hazardous substances during the cosmetic maintenance of the buildings;

Biodiversity: the impacts on biodiversity are considered very minor and localized

and mostly related to the potential pollution of the habitat due to the inadequate

waste management.

Land use impacts are considered very minor and are related to inadequate waste

management.

Risk of ponding that may provide the breeding grounds to nuisance and disease

carrying insects.

Indirect, Cumulative and Residual Impacts

Indirect impacts are considered to be minor: transportation of materials, excavation,

clearance contribute to dust generation and vehicle and equipment emissions which settle

on soils and in run off valleys during dry season consequently contributing to the transport

of sediments and pollutants to the main water bodies and infiltration into the shallow

aquifer.

The main cumulative impact anticipated through implementation of this project is the

incremental effect on of construction waste disposal on the waste management in the area

already suffering from the lack of disposal facilities.

Residual or irreversible impacts are considered to be very minor and mostly concern the

use of the construction debris dumping sites as permanent municipal waste disposal areas.

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Environmental and Social Management Plan

The ESMP contains management measures avoidance, mitigation, as well as enhancements

that would be implemented during the construction and operation/maintenance phase of

the project.

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Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase

Receptor Mitigation Measures Responsibility Supervision Total estimated

Cost in US$

1 Air quality

Vehicle emissions

Contractor to keep vehicles and machinery properly operated and maintained. Contractor to minimize unnecessary vehicle idling. Switch off any engine as soon as it is not used. Dust

Minimize dust from materials (such as sand, cement) and construction activities by using covers, storage, control equipment, and increasing

moisture content.

Prepare concrete before going to the site to avoid movement of materials (gravel, sand, cement) if possible

Minimize dust from vehicle movements, using water sprays or appropriate. Avoid the burning of materials on site. Switch off any engine as soon as it is not used. Hazardous Emissions

Avoid storage of hazardous materials in open areas without proper covering; Provide adequate ventilation for work areas

Contractor Contractor/Resident

Engineer

PMT

The bidders will

be able to

include these

costs in their

bidding.

Additional cost:

1500 US $

2 Noise

Noise and vibration management

Avoid or minimize transport through community areas. Switch off any engine as soon as it is not used. Contractor to minimize unnecessary vehicle idling Muffling of the equipment; Additional health check-ups for personnel handling the vibrating and noisy

equipment


Engineer

PMT

Additional cost

for medical

check ups

2000 US $

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Cost in US$

3 Water resources

Water run-off management (drainage plan)

Raw materials used in construction, which can be carried by water runoff, must be located and stored away from paths for water runoff.

Where possible or appropriate, schedule works to avoid heavy rainfall periods (i.e. during the dry season) and modify activities during extreme

rainfall and high winds.


Engineer

PMT

Hydrogeological

Investigation:

500 US $

4 Soil

Disposal of contaminated soil by truck to nearest authorized dumping areas. If surface drainage is disturbing the construction process, utilizing ditches,

dikes and/or sandbags to divert this drainage from entering excavations.

Adverse weather

Site engineer is to monitor weather on a daily basis. No construction activities to

be undertaken in strong winds or rains.


Engineer

PMT

Delineation of

excavated areas:

300 US $;

Emergency soil

testing in case of

accidental spills:

1000 US $

5

Solid and

hazardous

wastes

General:

Keeping the site clean and tidy: a. Ensure there is no loose materials or debris lying around the site including the

perimeter; and

b. Vehicles are regularly checked for cleanliness (general aspect and making sure

no leaks are occurring)

Burning of waste is prohibited Reducing construction waste related to on-site construction and off-site

manufacture or fabrication.

Reusing the material on site (in situ or for new applications) whenever it is possible


Engineer

PMT

Additional costs

for disposal of

hazardous

materials:

3000 US $

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Cost in US$

Monitoring the amount of site construction waste created to make sure it does not affect the surrounding and the adjacent areas.

- Waste is not blocking pathways

- Construction waste will be gathered in a specific zone of the construction

site

Contractor to evacuate any construction waste to nearest authorized dumping site and on a regular basis to avoid accumulation

All staff will avoid littering. Provide the septic tank for the residential effluent from the construction camp

to be disposed regularly at the designated areas.

Hazardous materials:

Provide adequate secondary containment for fuel storage tanks and for the temporary storage of other fluids such as lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids.

Use impervious surfaces for refuelling areas and other fluid transfer areas. Provide portable spill containment and clean-up equipment on site, and train

staff in the safe use of it.

Provide adequate sanitation facilities serving all workers (mentioned in HSE).

Paints with toxic ingredients or solvents or lead-based paints will not be used

6 Flora & Fauna

Provide training to the construction crew on the impact of disturbance and damage to habitats;

Monitor the construction crew and provide punitive measures for illegal hunting and/or fishing;

Provide the crew with fuel for cooking to avoid burning of natural materials; Apply waste management plan Provide regular dredging around the cofferdams for the intake structure to

ensure sufficient depth and avoid creation of whirlpools around the

cofferdam which will cause increased turbidity of the water; Strictly prohibited disposal of any of the construction materials into the river; In order to avoid damage to the vulnerable habitats and species, the

construction works on the water intake is to take place during the dry season


Engineer

PMT

Training if

conducted by the

third party:

400 US $

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Cost in US$

when the level of the water in the river is the lowest and the breeding season

is over; The under water intake structure should be located at least 1m below the

surface and inflow velocity should not exceed 1.5 m/s to avoid suction in of

young fish

7 Topography and

surface drainage

Storage areas for construction materials should be located at sites that do not permit direct runoff into watercourses and are on land sloping at less than 1.5 %.

Time limitation on works during rainy events; Regular maintenance of the equipment and machinery to avoid spillage of

hazardous materials;

Re-vegetation of cleared areas Timely and adequate disposal of liquid and solid waste in authorized areas.


Engineer

PMT

Re-vegetation

cost:

1000 US $

8 Access and

traffic

Set up warning signs in the workplace: o All safe footpaths are marked; construction materials are not

blocking pathways

o Site entrances and exits are clearly marked for visitors and delivery drivers to see; and

o If present, site reception is clearly signposted OR all visitors are escorted to the reception.

Designating specific parking areas for workers’ and visitors’ vehicles outside the construction area.

Avoid or minimize transport through community areas. Traffic management system and staff training, especially for site access and

near-site heavy traffic.

Adjustment of working hours to local traffic patterns, e.g. avoiding major transport activities during rush hours or times of livestock movement


Engineer

PMT

Additional costs

for marking and

signage:

300 US $

9 Health and

Safety Provide adequate signage to prevent accidental falling into open areas Fencing of the work areas


Engineer

No additional

costs; the cost is

imbedded in

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Health and safety environment (HSE)

There is posted material indicating the nearest police station and hospital (with accident and emergency facilities).

The contractor must take reasonable steps to prevent unauthorized people accessing the site.

Training on handling of UXO/ERW Avoid the burning of materials on site. Provide a first aid kits in different places of the work site with the appropriate

number of materials given the number of workers on site. The locations of

the first aid kits will be provided to all workers.

Providing extinguishers on work site. If work involving the use of flammable materials is being carried out, stop

people smoking and do not allow other work activities involving potential

ignition sources to take place nearby. Providing site boundaries by installing suitable physical boundaries (barriers,

tape or fence).

Marking excavation holes with physical boundaries (barriers, tape or fence) The contractor should put up barriers or covers in the area of openings and

excavations.

Store building materials (such as pipes, manhole rings, and cement bags) so that they cannot topple or roll over.

Keep walkways and stairways free of tripping hazards such as trailing cables, building materials, and debris.

Everyone who works on any site must have access to adequate toilet and washing facilities, a place for preparing and consuming refreshments, and an

area for storing and drying clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE). Contractor to ensure PPE (personal protective equipment) is used by all

workers on site.

Materials and equipment are tidily stacked, protected and covered where necessary. Additionally, there is adequate space for new materials to be

stored in secured covered areas to avoid damage, theft, and to protect these

items from weather conditions.

Scaffolding for work in elevated areas such as ceiling painting should comply with the OSHA “General Requirements for Scaffolds §1926.451”

PMT mandatory HSE

measures

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Cost in US$

10 Handling

Complaints

Reducing impacts on the community through community and neighbour engagement.

In cases of where there are minority communities speaking a different language in the area or working on site, notices are printed in the common

local language.

Provide the proper GRM for handling complaints


Engineer

PMT

No additional

costs

11 Physical cultural

resources

In case of accidental discovery stop all works and contact the responsible authority within 24 hours;

Provide training to the construction crew on the mode of conduct in case of accidental findings

Contractor Contractor/Resident Engineer

PMT

No additional

costs

Total cost US$ (rehabilitation phase) 10,000 US $

Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase


Cost in US$

1 Air quality

including odors

Water spraying for dust control in maintenance areas;

Timely disposal of effluent from sanitary facilities in office buildings;

Timely disposal of domestic waste

Operator PMT No additional

costs

2 Noise Provision of PPE to maintenance personnel while handling the equipment Operator PMT No additional

costs

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Cost in US$

3 Water resources Timely and adequate disposal of debris generated by maintenance activities and

solid and liquid waste from office building;

Maintaining the drainage ditches and manholes unblocked


costs

4 Soil Maintaining the drainage channels unblocked;

Adequate disposal of waste


costs

5

Solid and

hazardous

wastes

Use of non-toxic paints for repairs of the buildings;

Storage of hazardous materials used for repairs in sealed containers;

Disposal of waste to authorized disposal sites;

Avoid disposal of effluent into the river

Undertake measures necessary to prevent leakage of chlorine gas from pipe

work connection between the liquid chlorine gas.

o A pictorial representation of the procedure for changing liquid chlorine

containers with written instructions where necessary in Arabic and on

plastic covered card mounted on a board fixed to the inside wall of the

chlorine store. All tools necessary for changing the containers shall also

be clipped to this board.

o All necessary washers and couplings required when changing

containers sufficient for five years operation.

o A water spray bar to provide a water curtain fixed externally over the

chlorine store and connected via solenoid operated valve direct to the

delivery main from pumping station. The solenoid valve. This system

must be provided with manual starting from outside the room for

emergency.

Filter backwash should be discharged into the sludge pit to be disposed

according to the specification


costs

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Cost in US$

6 Flora & Fauna Keeping the manholes and ditches clean;

Adequate waste disposal;

Re-vegetation with the plants native to the area


costs

7 Handling Complains

Compliance with GRM Operator PMT No additional

costs

8 Public hygiene

and quality of

water

Adequate waste disposal; Prevent leakages of water and accumulating of water in ponds prone to

stagnation;

Regular water testing for the compliance with the drinking water standard


costs

Total cost US$ (Operation phase) No additional

costs

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Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan

The ESMP will be shared with the contractor who will be contractually obligated to abide

by it, with financial clauses associated to this obligation. Impacts are mitigated by detailed

mitigation measures. Those measures are presented as a set of checklists that the contractor

will follow.

The following tables present monitoring measures in order to perform a non-harmful

implementation of the project works to the environment and to reduce the risk of negative

environmental impacts as far as possible.

The frequency of the reporting:

During rehabilitation/construction phase: bi-weekly

During operation phase: quarterly

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Monitoring Activities during Rehabilitation Phase

Receptor Monitoring

Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision

Total

estimated

Cost in US$

1 Air quality including odors

Site inspection with

the photo

documentation;

Air quality testing

Air quality

parameters: PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, NOx,

CO, Ozone and HC

Compliance with

dust abatement

measures

Inspection: weekly

Testing: Once prior to

the start of construction

works to establish a

baseline and once

during the construction

phase during the dry

season.

Contractor Resident

engineer

Testing done

by accredited

laboratories.

Additional

cost 2000 US

$

Camera: 250

US $

2 Noise

Site inspection measuring the level

of noise

Compliance with the time limitations;

Switching off the equipment not in

use;

Use of protective gear

Weekly Contractor Resident engineer

Hand held device for

nose level

measuring:

200 US $

3 Water resources

Site inspection with photo

documentation;

Water testing

Inspection:

debris accumulation in water drainage

areas;

Alteration of water courses;

Signs of spillage of hazardous materials

Inspection:

Bi-weekly during the rainy season,

and after sporadic

rains

Once a month during the dry

periods

Contractor Resident

engineer

Testing done

by accredited

laboratories.

Additional

cost 3000 US

$

No additional

costs for

testing during

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Receptor Monitoring


Total

estimated

Cost in US$

Water testing (general):

pH, Turbidity,

Electrical Conductivity

(EC), Color, Total

Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved

Solids (TDS), Chemical

Oxygen Demand

(COD), Biological

Oxygen Demand

(BOD), Polychlorinated

Biphenyls (PCBs)

Water testing during

intake construction:

Turbidity, Color, Total

Suspended Solids

(TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Water testing: in the

location of accidental

spills of hazardous

materials

intake

construction

4 Soil

Site inspection with photo

documentation;

Soil testing

Inspection: signs of soil

erosion, evidence of

spills of fuel and

lubricants

Soil testing:

Inspection: bi-weekly;

Testing of the contaminated soil in

the location of

accidental spills of

Contractor Resident

engineer

Testing done

by accredited

laboratories.

Additional

cost 3000 US

$

26

Receptor Monitoring


Total

estimated

Cost in US$

pH, temperature,

organic content, poly-

aromatic hydrocarbons

(PAHs); Faecal

coliforms and Total coliforms

hazardous materials

if any

5 Solid and hazardous wastes

Site inspections

Maintaining a record of type,

quantity, and

disposal location

of solid and

liquid waste

generation;

Storage conditions of hazardous

materials;

Disposal at designated sites

Inspection: bi-weekly Contractor Resident

engineer

No additional

costs

6 Traffic

Site inspections Site surveillance for the

presence of

fencing/barriers and

warning signs, and traffic speed limitations

Monthly Contractor Resident

engineer

No additional

costs

7 Flora & Fauna

Site inspections Degree of habitat disruption due to

construction activities:

clearance of

vegetation, signs of

fire, presence of

fishing and hunting

equipment

Degree of workers perception of


engineer

No additional

costs

27

Receptor Monitoring


Total

estimated

Cost in US$

necessity of habitat

conservation

Site restoration after work completion

8 Topography and surface

drainage

Inspection and photo evidence

Location of storage areas;

Ceasing construction

activities during

rainy events;

Re-vegetation of cleared areas

Records of waste disposal.


engineer

No additional

costs

9

Handling Complains

Maintaining records of filed

complaints and

responses

Time of response to the complaint;

Number of complaints

Monthly Contractor Resident

engineer

No additional

costs

10 Public health and safety

Inspection and photo evidence

Maintaining records of injuries

and accidents with

cause and location

Provision and use of personal protective

equipment to workers

Installing construction and warning signs


engineer

No additional

costs

Total cost US$ (Operation/Maintenance phase) 8,450 US $

29

Monitoring during Operation Phase

Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision Total

estimated

Cost in US$

1 Air quality

Surveillance Presence of unpleasant

odors;

Dust abatement

measures

Bi-weekly Operator WSD No additional

costs

2 Noise

Noise level

monitoring

Ensure the noise levels

are within the acceptable

limits

During maintenance and

repairs

Operator WSD No additional

costs

3 Water resources

Surveillance;

Water testing

Ensure the drainage channels and culverts

are clear of debris

Water quality testing: pH, Turbidity, Electrical

Conductivity (EC),

Color, Total Suspended

Solids (TSS), Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS),

Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD),

Biological Oxygen

Demand (BOD), Polychlorinated

Biphenyls (PCBs)

Surveillance:

Bi-weekly during the rainy season

Monthly during the dry season

Water testing: Once per

year during rainy season

Operator WSD 500 for water

testing

30


estimated

Cost in US$

4 Soil

Surveillance;

Soil testing Ensure the drainage

channels and culverts

are clear of debris

Soil testing: pH, temperature, organic

content, poly-aromatic

hydrocarbons (PAHs )

Surveillance:



Soil testing: Once per

year during rainy season

at the location of

disposal of filter

backwash

Operator WSD 300 for soil

testing

5 Solid and hazardous wastes

Surveillance;

Maintaining records of

quantities of waste

and location of its

disposal

Waste disposed at

designated areas

Monthly Operator WSD No additional

costs

6 Flora & Fauna

Surveillance Condition of the

manholes and ditches;

Level of re-vegetation;

Absence of ponds

Surveillance:




costs

7 Topography and surface

drainage

Surveillance Disposal of debris during

maintenance and repairs


costs

31


estimated

Cost in US$

8 Access and traffic Surveillance Presence of warning

signs at maintenance site

During maintenance and

repair works


costs

9 Health and Safety

Surveillance;

Maintaining records of quantities of waste

and location of its

disposal

Adequate warning about scheduled

maintenance works;

Timely and adequate disposal of waste


costs

10 Handling Complaints Record keeping on

received complaints

Number of complaints

and responses Quarterly


costs

11 Physical cultural resources N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Total cost US$ (Operation/Maintenance phase) 800 US $

per year

33

Public Consultations

Due to the security concerns the general public consultation meeting was not possible to

be conducted. However, a mini public consultation was conducted in addition to interviews

with the residents of the area with the help of the questionnaire by the PMT on Nov.28,

2016. The interviewed persons included 5 men and 3 women. During the meeting the local

community was presented with the project details and the team addressed their concerns

and recommendations. All present agreed that the reconstruction activities will have a

strong positive impact from the social perspectives on the local community and will

encourage the development of the area. Please refer to annexes 2 and 3 for more details.

1. No claims were recorded or alleged regarding the ownership of the land where the

rehabilitation activities to take place; all agreed that is governmental land property.

2. No vegetation covers, crops, plants, trees…etc. will be removed in order to execute

the rehabilitation activities.

3. No infrastructure will be affected negatively due the reconstruction activities.

4. No dislocation or resettlement will be needed for the implementation of the project.

5. Information about a grievance mechanism was introduced and a translated GRM

form was also provided. The participants were informed that they can submit their

complaint to either site engineer, or to community leader or to PMT during

construction.

Grievance Redress Mechanism

Bank procedures require that Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRMs) be established and

operational prior to commencement of the project, and that they continue to operate for one

year following completion of the works for third party settlement of disputes. This GRM

should take into account the availability of judicial recourse as well as traditional and

community dispute resolution mechanisms.

The project grievance redressed system should be developed in consultation with

communities, which might include the following for written complaints:

34

1. First, the affected person sends his/her grievance in writing to the

communities’/community leaders. The grievance note should be signed and dated

by the aggrieved person. Where the affected person is unable to write, s/he should

obtain assistance from the community to write the note and mark the letter with

his/her thumbprint. The community should respond within 14 days.

2. Second, if the aggrieved person does not receive a response or is not satisfied with

the solution provided by the community, s/he lodges her or his grievance to PMT

which should respond within 14 days.

3. Third, if the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the solution of PMT, s/he can go

to the court.

In any case, the PMT must maintain records of grievances and complaints, including

minutes of discussions, recommendations and resolutions made. Participants were

informed that they can submit their complaint to either site engineer, or to community

leader or to PMT during construction. The community leaders’ information (mobile phone

number) and PMT contact information (office and mobile phone numbers) will be available

before implementation starts and will be posted at the entrance of the project site.

35

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 3

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3

Project Description ................................................................................................................ 3

Baseline Conditions .............................................................................................................. 7

Regional Geology, Topography and Seismic Activity .................................................... 7

Water Resources ............................................................................................................ 7

Climate ........................................................................................................................ 8

Ambient Air Quality and Noise ...................................................................................... 8

Biological Environment ................................................................................................. 8

Socio-Economic Environment ........................................................................................ 9

Legal Aspects...................................................................................................................... 10

Impacts Assessment ............................................................................................................ 12

Rehabilitation/Construction Phase ................................................................................ 12

Operation Phase ........................................................................................................... 13

Indirect, Cumulative and Residual Impacts .................................................................. 13

Environmental and Social Management Plan ....................................................................... 14

Noise and vibration management ............................................................................. 15

Water run-off management (drainage plan) .............................................................. 16

Adverse weather ...................................................................................................... 16

Health and safety environment (HSE) ...................................................................... 19

Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ......................................................................... 23

Public Consultations............................................................................................................ 33

Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................................ 33

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. 35

List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... 39

36

List of Figures.................................................................................................................... 40

List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 41

1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 42

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 43

2.1 Project Objectives and Outcomes ............................................................................. 43

2.2 Main Project Components ........................................................................................ 44

2.3 Condition of Existing Facilities ................................................................................ 44

2.4 Clearance of UXO/ERW .......................................................................................... 45

2.5 Construction Camp ................................................................................................... 45

2.6 Personnel Requirements ........................................................................................... 46

2.7 Land Acquisition ...................................................................................................... 47

2.8 Project Duration ....................................................................................................... 47

3 BASELINE CONDITIONS ....................................................................................... 49

3.1 Project Location ....................................................................................................... 49

3.2 Regional Geology, Topography and Seismic Activity ............................................... 50

3.2.1 Geological Formations in the Project Area ..................................................... 50

3.2.2 Seismology .................................................................................................... 50

3.3 Water Resources ....................................................................................................... 51

3.4 Climate ..................................................................................................................... 53

3.5 Air Quality and Noise ............................................................................................... 54

3.6 Biological Environment ............................................................................................ 55

3.6.1 Terrestrial Environment ................................................................................. 55

3.6.2 Aquatic Environment ..................................................................................... 57

3.6.3 Status of Habitats ........................................................................................... 58

3.6.4 Status of Species ............................................................................................ 59

3.7 Socio-Economic Baseline Conditions ....................................................................... 59

3.7.1 Demographic Indicators ................................................................................. 59

37

3.7.2 Land Use ....................................................................................................... 60

3.7.3 Services ......................................................................................................... 60

3.7.4 Sites of Archeological, Historical, Cultural and Religious Importance ............ 60

3.7.5 Roads Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 61

4 LEGAL ASPECTS ..................................................................................................... 62

4.1 National Legislation ................................................................................................. 62

4.1.1 General Environmental Legislation ................................................................ 62

4.1.2 Water Resources ............................................................................................ 62

4.1.3 Waste Management ........................................................................................ 65

4.1.4 Air Quality ..................................................................................................... 66

4.1.5 Ambient Noise and Vibration ......................................................................... 66

4.1.6 Occupational Health and Safety ..................................................................... 67

4.1.7 Cultural resources .......................................................................................... 67

4.1.8 Land acquisition............................................................................................. 68

4.2 International Conventions and Treaties ..................................................................... 68

4.3 Applicable Engineering Standards ............................................................................ 68

4.4 WB Safeguard Policies ............................................................................................. 71

4.4.1 Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines ............................................... 73

5 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................... 77

5.1 Impacts Significance Evaluation during Rehabilitation Phase ................................... 77

5.2 Potential Adverse Impacts during Rehabilitation Phase............................................. 80

5.2.1 Impacts on Soil .............................................................................................. 80

5.2.2 Impacts on Water Resources .......................................................................... 80

5.2.3 Impacts on Biodiversity ................................................................................. 80

5.2.4 Impacts on Air Quality ................................................................................... 81

5.2.5 Noise and Vibration Impacts .......................................................................... 82

5.2.6 Land Use Impacts .......................................................................................... 83

38

5.2.7 Impacts on Utilities and Infrastructure............................................................ 83

5.2.8 Impacts on Cultural, Religious and Historic Heritage Sites ............................. 84

5.2.9 Damage to the Landscape .............................................................................. 84

5.2.10 Public Safety .................................................................................................. 84

5.2.11 Worker’s Safety ............................................................................................. 84

5.2.12 Waste Management ........................................................................................ 85

5.2.13 Construction Camp Impacts ........................................................................... 85

5.3 Potential Adverse Impacts during Operational Phase ................................................ 86

5.4 Indirect, Cumulative, and Residual Impacts .............................................................. 87

6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................... 89

Noise and vibration management ............................................................................. 90

Water run-off management (drainage plan) .............................................................. 90

Adverse weather ...................................................................................................... 91

Health and safety environment (HSE) ...................................................................... 93

7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN ................................. 97

8 PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS ................................................................. 105

9 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .............................................................. 106

10 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................ 107

10.1 Annex 1: Chance Find Procedure ............................................................................ 107

10.2 Annex 2: Public Consultations ................................................................................ 108

10.3 Annex 3. Grievance Redress Form.......................................................................... 118

10.4 Annex 4: Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase ...................................... 119

39

List of Tables

Table 1: Estimate of Staffing Requirements......................................................................... 46

Table 2: Duration of Construction Activities ....................................................................... 48

Table 3: Typical Irano-Turanian Steppe Vegetation............................................................. 55

Table 4: List of the Recorded Bird Species Recorded in the Project Area ............................ 56

Table 5: Mammals in the Vicinity of the Project.................................................................. 56

Table 6: Amphibians and Reptiles Recorded in the Project Area ......................................... 57

Table 7: Typical Aquatic and Riparian Vegetation in the Project Area ................................ 57

Table 8: List of Freshwater Fish Species ............................................................................. 58

Table 9: Population of Salah Al-Din Governorate for 2015 ................................................. 59

Table 10: Drinking Water Standard No. (417)-2001 ............................................................ 63

Table 11: Effluent Discharge Parameters ............................................................................. 65

Table 12: Ambient Air Quality Standard ............................................................................. 66

Table 13: Indicative Values for Sanitary Sewage Discharge ................................................ 74

Table 14: Rehabilitation Phase: Impacts Significance .......................................................... 78

Table 15: Noise Emission Levels dB (A) of Construction Equipment .................................. 82

Table 16: Noise Emission Levels dB (A) and Distance to the Equipment ............................ 82

Table 17: EPA Maximum Acceptable Leq (2005) ................................................................ 83

Table 18: Operation and Maintenance Phase: Impacts Significance ..................................... 86

Table 19: Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase ................................................ 90

Table 20: Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase ....................................................... 95

Table 21: Monitoring Activities during Rehabilitation Phase ............................................... 98

Table 22: Monitoring during Operation Phase ................................................................... 102

40

List of Figures

Figure 1: Project Location ................................................................................................... 43

Figure 2: Present Condition of the Facilities ........................................................................ 45

Figure 3: Administrative Location of the Project ................................................................. 49

Figure 4: Geological Formations in the Project Area ........................................................... 50

Figure 5: Seismic Map of the Project Area .......................................................................... 51

Figure 6: Depth to Groundwater in the Project Area ............................................................ 52

Figure 7: Temperatures and Precipitation in the Project Area (2002-2012) .......................... 54

Figure 8: Mesopotamian Shrub Desert Borders ................................................................... 55

Figure 9: Location of Samarrah Wetland IBA ..................................................................... 59

Figure 10: Historical and Cultural Heritage Sites in the Project Area ................................... 61

41

List of Abbreviations

AXO Abandoned explosive ordnance

EHS Environment, Health and Safety

ERW Explosive remnants of war

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

Ha Hectare

ID Iraqi Dinar

Km Kilometer

MCC Motor Control Center

MM Modified Mercalli Scale

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

OP Operational Procedure

PMT Project Management Team

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

TDS Total Dissolved Solids

TSS Total Suspended Solids

TOR Terms of Reference

WB World Bank

UXO Unexploded ordnance

42

1 INTRODUCTION

This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is prepared in accordance to the

Terms of Reference for Rehabilitation of Al-Awja - Owainat Water Treatment Plant, Salah Al-

Din Governorate within the framework of Emergency Operation for Development Project

(EODP) (P155732) (IBRD Loan No.: 8520).

According to the World Bank environmental safeguards the project is categorized as Category

B.

Ministry of Constriction, Housing, Municipalities and Public Works operates, as the core

mandate for Iraqi government, in the management, development, rehabilitation and

maintenance of water and sanitation facilities within Republic of Iraq.

The objectives of the ESMP are:

Identification of the baseline environmental and social conditions;

Identification of the potential adverse impacts during the rehabilitation/construction

and operational phases of the project related to the specific project activities;

Propose mitigation measures in order to minimize the adverse impacts identified;

Prepare the ESMP that will allow the adequate implementation of the proposed

mitigation measures.

43

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project is located in the city of Tikrit, Salah Al-Din Governorate, approximately 140 km

north of Baghdad.

Figure 1: Project Location

2.1 Project Objectives and Outcomes

The area of the project witnessed severe destruction during the last several years since the

armed conflict and occupation of the area by the Islamic State (“da’esh”). The region’s

infrastructure has been specifically targeted and currently in non-operational condition and

requires extensive rehabilitation. Within the framework of Emergency Operation for

Development Project (EODP) (P155732) (IBRD Loan No.: 8520) 4.9 million US $ are

allocated for the rehabilitation of Al-Awja - Owainat Water Treatment Plant.

The main project goal is rehabilitation of the water treatment plant for the provision of the

potable water. The expected project outcome is functioning water treatment facility with the

operational capacity of 1000m3/h.

44

The project is expected to provide drinking water to approximately 35000 local residents and

IDPs. At present, the residents rely almost exclusively on the water delivered by water tankers

for drinking purposes which poses additional financial burden on household. In some instances

the water is extracted from wells with the inadequate quality of water without any treatment

which poses significant health risks to the population.

2.2 Main Project Components

The project comprises the rehabilitation of a water treatment facility with the output of 2200

m3/day for 22 hour operation per day; 1000 m3/hr. The source of the raw water for treatment is

the Tigris River. The main project components are:

The project consists of the following components:

Intake stricture.

Low lift pumps.

Sedimentation tank (2).

Filter tanks (6)

Alum system

Chemical building

Chlorine system

High lift pump station

Motor Control Center (MCC) building

Ground reservoir

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system.

2.3 Condition of Existing Facilities

At present, the facilities are in destroyed conditions and in completely non-operational

condition:

45

Figure 2: Present Condition of the Facilities

2.4 Clearance of UXO/ERW

Unexploded ordnance (UXO) are weapons that for some reason fail to detonate as intended,

thereby becoming unexploded ordnance. These unstable explosive devices are left behind

during and after conflicts and pose dangers similar to landmines.

Abandoned explosive ordnance (AXO) is explosive ordnance that has not been used during

armed conflict and has been left behind and is no longer under control of the party that left it

behind. It may or may not have been primed, fuzed, armed, or otherwise prepared for use.

Explosive remnants of war (ERW) are explosive munitions left behind after a conflict has

ended. They include unexploded artillery shells, grenades, mortars, rockets, air-dropped

bombs, and cluster munitions. Under the international legal definition, ERW consist of UXO

and AXO, but not mines.

The risk of the presence of UXO/ERW in the area is that it might not be immediately discovered

after the conflict especially if buried deep underground or under the rubble of destroyed

buildings.

The area have received clearance from the Iraqi Armed Forces for the absence of UXO/REW,

however, accidental discovery is still possible. In case of the discovery, the personnel should

be immediately evacuated and armed forces contacted. The works could be resumed only after

removal of the munitions.

2.5 Construction Camp

A Main Camp, the operational center, with prefabricated offices and parking areas for

administration and technical staff. This will also include areas for materials testing and storage,

46

and equipment cleaning and maintenance. The need for residential accommodation is likely to

be relatively minor. The accommodation at the camp will be required for the security guards,

2 persons.

The amount of effluent generated by the construction camp is considerable, as it was estimated

that the average water consumption might constitute up to 100 m3/day. Residential solid waste

containing organic waste from construction camps is approximately 1.5 kg/person/day. The

construction camp should have independent sources of water and electricity, and the septic tank

for the residential effluent disposal.

2.6 Personnel Requirements

The personnel requirements for the project are 47 persons including administrative staff,

technical staff, qualified construction crew and unskilled labor. All workers will be locally

hired. The estimate of the staffing requirements is presented in the Table below:

Table 1: Estimate of Staffing Requirements

Type Job Title Number

Administrative Staff

Secretary 1

IT support 1

Serving personnel 1

Security personnel 2

Parking attendants 2

Logistics Coordinator 1

Warehouse/storage coordinator 2

HR officer 1

Procurement officer 1

Technical Staff

General Manager/Team Leader 1

Senior Civil Engineer 1

Materials Engineer 1

Civil Engineer 2

Structural Engineer 1

Geo-technical Engineer 1

Drainage Engineer 1

Quantity Surveyor 1

HS&E specialist 2

Social expert 1

Quality Assurance Engineer 1

47

Type Job Title Number

Construction Crew Machinery and equipment operators 12

Unskilled labor 10

Total 47

2.7 Land Acquisition

The project comprises the rehabilitation of the existing facilities with no additional structures

or pipelines to be constructed. Therefore, the project will not require any permanent or

temporary land acquisition. The construction camp is to be located on governmental property

within the perimeter of the existing facilities. Accordingly OP 4.12 will not be applied.

2.8 Project Duration

The total project duration is 6 months. Work consists of a simple civil works such as cleaning

work and raise dirt debris resulting from combat operations and rehabilitation of all the

damaged civil buildings such as Intake, Sedimentation Tank, Filtration Building, Storage Tank,

MCC Building and services buildings and repainting buildings and replace and renovating

pipes, bathrooms, doors, windows and re-paving of internal roads and treatment of cracks in

the sedimentation tank and Storage Tank.

Most of the works in this project are the electrical and mechanical works include supply,

installation, and operation of the pumps, electric transformers, electric generator and the

replacement of cables and outdoor lightings.

The intake structure shall be constructed from reinforced concrete. The pump sump (Basement)

shall be designed as a water tight structure in two compartments for independent operation

during maintenance with bypass arrangement controlled by a 2 Nos. sluice valves. The floor of

the (Basement) shall be sloped to one corner with a sump to pump accumulated settled sludge

to the river using duplicated submersible pumps. The Basement shall have access ladder and

lighting. The channel from river to the intake Basement shall be constructed according to the

drawing from reinforced concrete the contractor is responsible to make a full hydraulic study

to design the final shape of the channel. Rip-raping along the shoulder of the river for a distance

of 50m from each side of the channel to protect the structure and to direct the water to the

channels. The necessary arrangements are to be made to minimize the problem of settling of

the suspended matter at the channel bar during high turbidity seasons by using submerged

scraping device.

48

The breakdown of project activities is presented in the Table below:

Table 2: Duration of Construction Activities


1 Cleaning post-combat debris 75

2 Rehabilitation of Intake Structure 60

3 Rehabilitation of sedimentation tank 60

4 Rehabilitation of filtration facilities 60

5 Rehabilitation of storage tank 60

6 Rehabilitation of MCC building 60

7 Rehabilitation of service building 60

8 Replacing of pipes 35

9 Repair and paving of roads within the facility 14

10 Installation of doors and windows 28

11 Painting 38

12 Electrical and mechanical works 42

49

3 BASELINE CONDITIONS

This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the existing conditions in the vicinity of

the project area and adjacent facilities.

3.1 Project Location

The project is located in the city of Tikrit, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The project location

is approximately 140km north of capital city of Baghdad. The project is located directly on the

bank of the Tigris River. Figure below shows the administrative location of the project.

Figure 3: Administrative Location of the Project

The land use of the area is void of residential settlements, industrial activities and cultivation.

The area is used by the local population mostly for grazing of the livestock.

50

3.2 Regional Geology, Topography and Seismic Activity

3.2.1 Geological Formations in the Project Area

The project is located in the north-eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, which is a region of

tectonic compression of particularly unstable area marked by convergent movements of the

Arabian and Eurasian Plates that closed Tethys paleo-ocean and formed Zagros Belt in the

north-eastern part of the Arabian Plate. Stratigraphically, the project area is dominated by

geological formations ranging from Middle Miocene to Quaternary. In the project location the

geological formation is composed of thin-bedded, black bituminous limestone, dolomitic

limestone and black papery shale with streaks of thin black chert.

The terrain is characterized as flat to gently rolling plains, hills, and mountains. In the project

area the elevations are ranging between 300-550 m asl. The maximum elevation is 543.5 m asl

and the minimum elevation is 313.9 m asl.

Figure 4: Geological Formations in the Project Area1

3.2.2 Seismology

Tectonically Iraq is located in a relatively active seismic zone at the northeastern boundaries

of the Arabian Plate. Seismic zoning of Iraq is divided into four zones where the areas of no

damage zone of MM = III and less covering mainly the stable shelf region. Then the minor

damage zone follows which covers the intensities IV- V covering the Zagros Foothills and the

1 Red circle marks the location of the project area

W01

51

Mesopotamian Geosyncline. Then the moderate damage zone follows with intensity range of

VI-VII which actually covers the Zagros Tauros thrust zones. The major damage zone with

intensity of VIII is located on the Zagros thrust outside the Iraqi borders.

The project area is located in the minor damage zone with the seismic activity of I-II on MM

scale.

Figure 5: Seismic Map of the Project Area2

3.3 Water Resources

According to the hydro-geological classification of Iraq, the project area is located in the Low

Fold hydro-geological zone. The Low Fold zone is filled by sedimentary formations that range

in age from Late Miocene to Recent: Fatha, Injana, Mukdadiyah and Bai Hassan, and

Quaternary cover. These formations represent the main aquifers in this zone. The general trend

of the groundwater movement is mainly from north and northwest towards south and southeast.

2 Adapted from: Alsinawi, S.A. (2001) .Seismological Considerations of the Eastern Arab Region. Proceedings of the Euro-Mediterranean Seminar on Natural, Environmental and Technological Disasters, Algers, Algeria

52

Generally, the salinity of the groundwater increases from north to south. It increases from the

recharge sources at the high land areas (less than 1000 mg/l), towards the discharge areas along

the Mesopotamia Zone and Al-Jazira Zone (more than 10000 mg/l). Groundwater quality is

mainly bicarbonate at the recharge areas, and becomes sulphatic at the discharge areas. The

groundwater quality in the project area is slightly brackish with the salinity of 1000-3000 ppm.

The groundwater depth in the project area ranges from 10-20 m below surface.

Figure 6: Depth to Groundwater in the Project Area

The surface water is characterized as perennial run-off streams mostly filled with water in

winter rainy season and dry in summer. The majority of these streams discharge the water into

Tigris River with the contribution to the river flow negligible (0.2 MCM on average for the

year 2008). The area consists of potentially fertile soils characterized as heavy alluvial soils,

with some organic content and a high proportion of clays. The soil classification is 68.4% silty

loam, 20.9% silty clay loam and 10.7% is clay soil. The river bed is composed of fine sand, silt

and clays with rather high sedimentation load.

No analysis is available for the ambient water quality in the Tigris River at or near the intake

location of the project, however, no signs of certain contamination were observed. A study was

W01

53

made on ambient water quality of the River further downstream at Baghdad (based on sampling

campaign Jun-Dec 2008)3 and the results have shown that the pH for the water samples vary

from 7.91 to 8.1 with an average value 8.02, conductivity vary from 793.42 to 1189.76 µs/cm,

TDS values range from 519.17 to 787.67 mg/L with an average value of 700.77 mg/L, turbidity

values range from a minimum of 24.58 to a maximum of 33.22 with an average value of 28.06

(NTU), Ca is ranging from 136.67 mg/L to 69.38 mg/L, SO4 has an average concentration of

303.17 mg/L, chloride concentration ranges from 64.25 mg/L to 100.92 mg/L, and Al and Fe

range from 0.11 to 0.77 mg/L, respectively. The Iraqi Standard for drinking water is presented

in Table 11 in Chapter 4.1.2.

3.4 Climate

The climate in the project area is characterized as Mid-steppe and desert climate. The average

temperature for the year in Tikrit is 22.2°C. The warmest month, on average, is July with an

average temperature of 35°C. The coolest month on average is January, with an average

temperature of 9.4°C.

The highest recorded temperature is 48.9°C in July. The lowest recorded temperature is -4.4°C

in February.

The average amount of precipitation per year in is 348 mm. The month with the most

precipitation on average is December with 78.7 mm of precipitation. The month with the least

precipitation on average is June with an average 0 mm. In terms of liquid precipitation, there

are an average of 27.1 days of rain, with the most rain occurring in December with 5.8 days of

rain, and the least rain occurring in June with 0.0 days of rain.

3 Khadem, A.J. Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River-Iraq by Using GIS Mapping, Natural Resources,

2013, 4, 441-448.

54

Figure 7: Temperatures and Precipitation in the Project Area (2002-2012)

The predominant wind direction is Northeast in the months November through to April, and

predominantly north-west in the months May-October. The mean average wind speed is 10-12

km/h with the wind gusts reaching up to 26-28 km/h.

3.5 Air Quality and Noise

At present, there is no information on ambient air quality in the project area; no measurements

on air quality were performed previously. The area is predominantly agricultural rural area.

Although there are oil fields in the Khanaqin District, their approximation to the project area

is unknown at present. The roads in the area are mostly rural unpaved roads and roads in rather

bad conditions partially destroyed due to the war conditions in recent years. The main source

of pollution is dust generated through the agricultural activities and use of the rural roads in

addition to the dust generated by windy conditions during dry periods. Potentially, there might

be the additional air pollution from the operating oil fields and/or refineries.

Similarly, no information on noise levels is available for the project area. However, the noise

level in the rural area with limited vehicle movement and limited agricultural activities is not a

significant issue.

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3.6 Biological Environment

3.6.1 Terrestrial Environment

The project area is located in the Mesopotamian shrub desert terrestrial eco-region4 considered

as a transitional zone between the Syrian Desert and steppe region further north. This terrestrial

eco-zone is categorized as vulnerable and due to the security concerns have received little

focused study.

Figure 8: Mesopotamian Shrub Desert Borders

The vegetation of the region is similar to the Irano-Turanian eco-region and is characterized by

the dominance of the drought-tolerant low shrubs with a variety of grasses and legumes.

Herbaceous and dwarf shrub sage brush (Artemisia sp) communities tend to dominate in

deeper, non-saline soils and often occur in association with grasses. The recorded vegetation is

presented in the Table below:

Table 3: Typical Irano-Turanian Steppe Vegetation

Retama raetam Artemisia herba-alba Ferula communis

Noaea mucronata Asphadelus aestivus Lepidium aucheri

Salsola spp. Urginea maritima Cnicus spp.

Astragalus spinosis Circium alatum Paronychia argentea

Ballouta undulata Achillea fragrantissima Hordeum bulbosum

Thymus capitatus Aegilops ovata Crepis aspera

4 National Report on Biodiversity in Iraq, July 2010

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The area of the project is located in a general area identified as a fly-way route for migratory

birds from Eastern Europe and West Siberia to Mesopotamia and Africa. The list of known

bird species recorded in the area is presented in the Table below:

Table 4: List of the Recorded Bird Species Recorded in the Project Area5

Scientific name Common name 2015 Red List

category

Haematopus ostralegus Eurasian Oystercatcher NT

Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing NT

Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit NT

Calidris canutus Red Knot NT

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper NT

Larus armenicus Armenian Gull NT

Francolinus francolinus Black Francolin LC

Mareca strepera Gadwall LC

Mareca penelope Eurasian Wigeon LC

Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Teal NT

Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck LC

Ciconia ciconia White Stork LC

Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis LC

Vanellus leucurus White-tailed Lapwing LC *LC-Least Concern; NT – Near Threatened; VU - Vulnerable

Large mammals that are associated with this ecoregion include: wolves (Canis lupus); Red fox

(Vulpes vulpes); Golden jackals (Canis aureus); caracals (Caracal caracal); jungle cats (Felis

chaus); Mongoose species (Herpestes sp); wildcats (Felis silvestris); Common otter (Lutra

lutra); and Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Goitered gazelle (Gazella

subgutturosa) and European badgers (Meles meles) can be found in more vegetated areas.

However, the status of these species is unknown and their presence was not recorded and is

highly unlikely in the project area. The mammalian species recorded in the region include:

Table 5: Mammals in the Vicinity of the Project

Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status

Hemiechinus auritus Long-eared Hedgehog LC

Paraechinus aethiopicus Ethiopian Hedgehog LC

Crocidura suaveolens Lesser white-toothed shrew LC

Suncus murinus Asian House Shrew LC

Suncus etruscus Pygmy White-toothed Shrew LC

5 R.F. Porter et al, Birds of the Middle East, First Princeton Field Guide Edition, 2004

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Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status

Otonycteris hemprichii Desert Long-eared Bat LC

Allactaga euphratica Euphrates Jerboa NT

Jaculus jaculus Lesser Egyptian Jerboa LC

Gerbillus cheesmani Cheesman's Gerbil

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