Republic of Croatia Public Administration

7/31/2019 Republic of Croatia Public Administration

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All papers, statistics and materials contained in the Country Profiles express entirely the opinion of the mentioned authors.They should not, unless otherwise mentioned, be attributed to the Secretariat of the United Nations.

The designations employed and the presentation of material on maps in the Country Profiles do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)

Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)

United Nations

April 2005


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Table of Contents

Table of Contents........................................................................................... 1Croatia ......................................................................................................... 21. General Information ................................................................................... 3

1.1 People.................................................................................................. 31.2 Economy .............................................................................................. 31.3 Public Spending..................................................................................... 41.4 Public Sector Employment and Wages....................................................... 4

2. Legal Structure .......................................................................................... 52.1 Legislative Branch.................................................................................. 52.2 Executive Branch ................................................................................... 62.3 Judiciary Branch .................................................................................... 62.4 Local Government.................................................................................. 7

3. The State and Civil Society .......................................................................... 83.1 Ombudsperson ...................................................................................... 8

3.2 Citizens and Public Authorities ................................................................. 83.3 NGOs and Civil Society ........................................................................... 8

4. Civil Service .............................................................................................. 94.1 Legal basis............................................................................................ 94.2 Recruitment.......................................................................................... 94.3 Promotion............................................................................................. 94.4 Remuneration ......................................................................................104.5 Training...............................................................................................104.6 Gender................................................................................................10

5. Ethics and Civil Service ..............................................................................115.1 Corruption ...........................................................................................115.2 Ethics..................................................................................................11

6. e-Government ..........................................................................................126.1 e-Government Readiness .......................................................................126.2 e-Participation......................................................................................13

7. Links .......................................................................................................147.1 National sites .......................................................................................147.2 Miscellaneous sites................................................................................14

1


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Croatia

Click here for detailed map

Source: The World Factbook - Croatia

Gover nm en t t ype

Presidential/parliamentarydemocracy

I ndependence

25 June 1991 (fromYugoslavia)

Cons t i t u t i on

Adopted on 22 December

1990; revised 2000, 2001(click here)Legal sys tem

Based on civil law system

A d m i n i s t r a t i v ed iv i s ions

Divided into 20 counties andone city (Zagreb) (click here)

Source: The World Factbook - Croatia

Formerly a republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia together withSlovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, Croatia heldits first multi-party elections in 1990 when the Croatian nationalist Franjo Tudjmanwas elected President. In 1991 Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia.Subsequent conflict with the Yugoslav army ceased in January 1992 when the UNdeployed a peace keeping force in Serbian-held areas. In 1998 Eastern Slavonia wasreturned to Croatian control and in 2002 UN peace keepers withdrew from thePrevlaka peninsula giving control of all the sovereign Croatian territory to theCroatian authorities for the first time since independence.

The death of President Franjo Tudjman in December 1999 followed by parliamentary

and presidential elections in early 2000 resulted in significant political changes inCroatia. The power of presidency was diminished and Parliament was empoweredwith greater responsibility. The new government has progressed in implementationof the Dayton Peace Accord regarding refugee return, regional co-operation, nationalreconciliation and democratic reforms. The new government has also ameliorated therelations with neighboring countries as well as with international community, whichwere strained under Tudjmans presidency.

Source: Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade - Croatia Country Brief &

OSCE - Legislationline: Croatia

2

CCRROOAATTIIAA
http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/croatia.pdfhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/hr.htmlhttp://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/hr__indx.htmlhttp://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=141&sid=&jezik=2http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/hr.htmlhttp://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/croatia/croatia_brief.htmlhttp://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/croatia/croatia_brief.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/hr.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookhttp://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=141&sid=&jezik=2http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/hr__indx.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/hr.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookhttp://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/croatia.pdf


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11.. GGeenneerraall IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn

1.1 Peop le Croat ia B iH i Sloven ia 1

Popula t ion a

Total estimated population (,000), 2003 4,427 4,162 1,984

Female estimated population (,000), 2003 2,298 2,103 1,020

Male estimated population (,000), 2003 2,129 2,059 964

Sex ratio (males per 100 females), 2003 93 98 98

Average annual rate of change of pop. (%), 2000-2005 -0.19 1.13 -0.11

Youth and E lder l y Popu la t ion b

Total population under age 15 (%), 2003 17 17 15

Female population aged 60+ (%), 2003 25 18 23

Male population aged 60+ (%), 2003 18 13 17

H uman S e t t l emen ts c

Urban population (%), 2001 58 43 49

Rural population (%), 2001 42 57 51

Urban average annual rate of change in pop. (%), 00-05 0.75 2.19 -0.1

Rural average annual rate of change in pop/ (%), 00-05 -1 0.29 -0.14

Educat ion d

Total school life expectancy, 2000/2001 11.9 .. 15 1

Female school life expectancy, 2000/2001 12.1 .. 16 1

Male school life expectancy, 2000/2001 11.7 .. 15 1

Female estimated adult (15+) illiteracy rate (%), 2000 2.7ii .. 0.4ii 2

Male estimated adult (15+) illiteracy rate (%), 2000 0.7ii .. 0.3ii 2

E mp l oymen t e

Unemployment rate (15+) (%), 2001 15.8 .. 7.4iii 1

Female adult (+15) economic activity rate (%), 2001 45 .. 51iv 2

Male adult (+15) economic activity rate (%), 2001 62 .. 65iv 2

Notes: i Bosnia and Herzegovina; ii 1991; iii 1999, Month of May; iv De jure population

1.2 Econom y Croat ia B iH i Sloven ia 2

GD P a

GDP total (millions US$), 2002 22,421 5,249 21,108

GDP per capita (US$), 2002 5,122 1,274 3,637

PPP GDP total (millions int. US$), 2002 43,625 22,820 127,256

PPP GDP per capita(int. US$), 2002 9,967 5,537 8,094

Sectors b

Value added in agriculture (% of GDP), 2003 29.3ii 16.7 3.1ii

Value added in industry (% of GDP), 2003 62.5ii 34.7 36.2ii

Value added in services (% of GDP), 2003 45.3ii 48.6 60.7ii

Misce l laneous c

GDP implicit price deflator (annual % growth), 2003 2.4 0.9 0.9

Private consumption (% of GDP), 2003 61.2 91.8 53.2

Government consumption (% of GDP), 2003 20.4 22.3 21.6

Notes: i Bosnia and Herzegovina; ii 2002

1United Nations Statistics Division:aStatistics Division and Population Division of the UN Secretariat; bStatistics Division and Population Division of the UNSecretariat; cPopulation Division of the UN Secretariat; d1UNESCO ; d2UNESCO; e1ILO; e2ILO/OECD2World Bank - Data and Statistics:

3

aQuick Reference Tables; bData Profile Tables ; cCountry at a Glance
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/youth.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/youth.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/hum-sets.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/education.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/illiteracy.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/unempl.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/table5d.htmhttp://www.worldbank.org/datahttp://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/quickreference/quickref.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/quickreference/quickref.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/datahttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/table5d.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/unempl.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/illiteracy.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/education.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/hum-sets.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/youth.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/youth.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htmhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm


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1.3 Pub l ic Spend in g Croat ia B iH i Sloven ia

P ub l ic expend i tu res 3

Education (% of GNP), 1985-1987 .. .. .. a

Education (% of GNP), 1995-1997 5.3 .. 5.7 a

Health (% of GDP), 1990 9.5 .. ..

Health (% of GDP), 1998 9.5ii .. 6.7

Military (% of GDP), 1990 .. .. .. b

Military (% of GDP), 2000 3 .. 1.2 b

Total debt service (% of GDP), 1990 .. .. ..

Total debt service (% of GDP), 2000 12.8 .. ..

Notes: i Bosnia and Herzegovina; ii 1999;

Click here for furtrher information on Subnational Share of Overall Public Spending and Public Administration Employees

1 .4 P ub l i c Sec to r Emp loy men t and Wages

Data from t he latest year availableCroatia

1991-1995Croatia

1996-2000

Europe &Central Asia

average4

1996-2000

Central &EasternEurope

average4

1996-2000

Middleincomegroup

average4

1996-2000

E mp loy men t (,000) 73.0 86.03

Civilian Central Government5

(% pop.) 1.56 1.88 0.61 0.45 0.59

(,000) 26.0 19.6Sub-national Government5

(% pop.) 0.56 0.43 0.61 0.45 0.59

(,000) 66.0 55.91Education employees

(% pop.) 1.41 1.22 1.58 1.43 1.20

(,000) 70.0 32.6Health employees

(% pop.) 1.50 0.71 1.15 1.04 0.70

(,000) .. 40.0Police

(% pop.) .. 0.89 0.68 0.31 0.30

(,000) .. ..

Armed forces (% pop.) .. .. 0.87 0.77 0.46

(,000) .. ..SOE Employees

(% pop.) .. .. 20.08 8.28 3.61

(,000) .. ..Total Public Employment

(% pop.) .. .. .. .. 6.05

Wages

Total Central gov't wage bill (% of GDP) 3.0 .. 5.9 6.7 8.5

Total Central govt wage bill (% of exp) 25.3 23.6 13.1 14.4 21.6

Average gov't wage (LCU) 28,320 47,112

Real ave. govt wage ('97 price) (LCU) 31,985 42,689

Average govt wage to per capita GDP ratio 1.5 1.5 6.3 1.1 4.2

Source: World Bank - Public Sector Employment and Wages

3UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

a Data refer to total public expenditure on education, including current and capital expenditures.b As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of military expenditure data over time and acrosscountries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see SIPRI (2001).4Averages for regions and sub regions are only generated if data is available for at least 35% of the countries in thatregion or sub region.

4

5Excluding education, health and police if available (view Country Sources for further explanations).
http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/subnational.htmhttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/index.cfmhttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/development.htmhttp://hdr.undp.org/http://www.undp.org/hdr2002/complete.pdfhttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/development.htmhttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/development.htmhttp://www.undp.org/hdr2002/complete.pdfhttp://hdr.undp.org/http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/development.htmhttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/index.cfmhttp://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/subnational.htm


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22.. LLeeggaall SSttrruuccttuurree

Croatia is a multi-party parliamentary Republic. State powers are divided into threebranches: legislative (Parliament) executive (President and government) and judicial

(courts). A series of constitutional amendments passed in November 2000 obligesthe president after election to resign from membership in a political party [Art. 95].The 2000 constitutional amendments also made the government answerable solelyto parliament [Art. 114].6

Source: OSCE (Legislationline) - Croatia

2.1 Leg is la t ive Branch

Unicameral Assembly or Sabor (152 seats; one seat was added in the November 2003 parliamentary

elections; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms).7

women in parliament: 33 out of 152 seats: (22%).8

The Parliament (Sabor) is unicameral, following the abolitionof the Upper House (House of Counties) in March 2003.

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Croatian Parliamentmay have a minimum of 100 and a maximum of 160members, who are elected directly by secret ballot based onuniversal suffrage for a term of four years. Parliamentaryterms of office are not binding, while members have legalimmunity.

Source: Croatian Parliament - About the Croatian Parliament

The powers of the Parliament include enactment andamendment of the Constitution, passage of laws, adoption of the state budget,declarations of war and peace, alteration of the boundaries of the Republic,

supervision of the government, conducting elections and appointments to office.The Parliament makes decisions by a majority vote, provided that a majority ofrepresentatives are present, unless otherwise specified by the Constitution. Laws,which regulate the rights of national minorities, are passed with a two-thirdsmajority vote of all members of Parliament. Laws, which elaborate theconstitutionally defined human rights and fundamental freedoms, the electoralsystem, the organization, authority and operation of government bodies and theorganization and authority of local and regional self-government are passed with amajority vote of all members of Parliament.

The President promulgates laws within eight days from the date when they werepassed in the Parliament. However, if the President considers the draft law not to bein accordance with the Constitution, she/he may initiate proceedings to review the

constitutionality of the law before the Constitutional Court.

The President, the government or at least one-fifth of the members of the Parliamentmay propose amendments to the Constitution. The decision to commence theproceedings for the amendment is taken by the Parliament with a majority vote of allmembers. Draft amendments are determined by a majority vote of all the members

6SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

7Source of fact boxes if nothing else stated: The World Factbook - Croatia

8Inter-Parliamentary Union - Women in National Parliaments

5

Fact box:elections:Assembly - lastheld 23 November 2003

(next to be held in 2007)election results:Assembly -

percent of vote by party -

number of seats by party -

HDZ 66, SDP 34, HSS 10,

HNS 10, HSP 8, IDS 4,

Libra 3, HSU 3, SDSS 3,

other 11
http://www.legislationline.org/index.phphttp://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.sabor.hr/default.asp?ru=161&sid=&akcija=&jezik=2http://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/hr.htmlhttp://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htmhttp://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htmhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/hr.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sabor.hr/default.asp?ru=161&sid=&akcija=&jezik=2http://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.legislationline.org/index.php


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of the Parliament. The decision to amend the Constitution is made by a two-thirdsmajority vote of all the members of the Parliament. The Parliament promulgates theamendment.

Source: OSCE (Legislationline) - Croatia

2.2 Execut i ve Branch

cabinet:Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary Assembly

elections: President elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prime minister nominated by the president

in line with the balance of power in the Assembly.

The President is the head of state and is elected by directpopular vote for a term of five years, with a maximum of twosuccessive terms. Additionally, the President serves asCommander in Chief of the Armed Forces, represents theRepublic of Croatia and appoints the Prime Minister andCabinet members with the prior consent of Parliament.

The head of government is the Prime Minister who isresponsible to Parliament and appoints the Cabinet. The PrimeMinister, who is nominated by the President, assumes officefollowing a parliamentary vote of confidence in thegovernment.

The government exercises executive power. The governmentassumes office following a vote of confidence with themajority of all members of Parliament.

The government may propose legislation and other acts to theParliament, propose the state budget, execute laws and otherdecisions of the Parliament, enact decrees to implement thelaws, guide the foreign and internal policies, direct and controlthe operation of the state administration.

Source: OSCE (Legislationline) - Croatia9

2.3 Jud ic ia ry Branch

Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial

Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly.

Croatia has a three-tiered judicial system, consisting of the Supreme Court, countycourts, and municipal courts.

Croatia's Supreme Court is the highest court in the Republic. The Supreme Courtassures the uniform application of laws. Members of the high court are appointed bythe National Judicial Council, a body of 11 members, and justices on the Supreme

Court are appointed for life. The court's hearings are generally open to the public.The Constitutional Court is a body of 13 judges appointed by Parliament for an 8-year term. The Constitutional Court works to assure the conformity of all laws to theConstitution.

Source: U.S. Department of State - Background Notes

9

For details see: Government of the Republic of Croatia - About Government

6

Fact box:

chief of state:PresidentStjepan (Stipe) MESIC

(since 18 February 2000).

elections:Election last held16 January 2005 (next to be

held January 2010)

election results:StjepanMESIC reelected president;

percent of vote - StjepanMESIC (HNS) 66%,

Jadranka KOSOR (HDZ)

34%

head of government:Prime

Minister Ivo SANADER

(since 9 December 2003);

Deputy Prime Ministers

Jadranka KOSOR (since 23

December 2003) and

Andrija HEBRANG (since

23 December 2003)
http://www.legislationline.org/index.phphttp://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.legislationline.org/index.phphttp://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3166.htmhttp://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=110&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=110&sid=&jezik=2http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3166.htmhttp://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.legislationline.org/index.phphttp://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=11&org=0&eu=0http://www.legislationline.org/index.php


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All judges are appointed for life by the National Judiciary Council (elected by theHouse of Representatives) as an independent state institution formed of Parliamentmembers, judicial authorities, well respected public persons and members ofCroatian Bar Association.

The Minister of Justice names the presidents of the courts from among the appointedjudges and the president of the Supreme Court of Croatia is chosen by theParliament based on the proposition from the Cabinet.

Source: International Institute of Administrative Sciences & UNDESA - Croatia (2000)

2.4 Loca l Govern m ent

The existing territorial structure consists of two sub-national levels, municipalitiesand counties. Municipalities are either communes, smaller self-government units inrural areas, or cities in urban areas.

Counties are established as second level units; they are both parts of the system ofstate administration and local self-government units. The entire territory is dividedinto 20 counties excluding specific status of the capital city of Zagreb.

The scope of activities at local level is regulated by the Law on the Determination ofAffairs of the Self-Government Scope of Local Self-Government Units passed in July1993 (click here). It provides a detailed list of self-government affairs anddetermines precisely which are to be performed by municipalities and by counties.The Law also states that all affairs not determined by law as local affairs are to becarried out by the Ministries and other central government bodies.

The Law on Local Self-government provides for forms of direct decision making inmunicipalities and the 1996 Law on Referendum and Other Forms of PersonalParticipation of Citizens in Managing the Affairs of State Authorities and Local Self-government establishes various forms of citizens personal participation in localaffairs.

Source: Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative (LGI) - Stabilization of Local Governments (2001)10

7

10See also: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan000189.pdfhttp://www.urban.org/PDF/cr-locfun.pdfhttp://www.urban.org/PDF/cr-locgov.pdfhttp://www.urban.org/PDF/cr-refprt.pdfhttp://lgi.osi.hu/publications/2001/81/Stab-Croatia.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://lgi.osi.hu/publications/2001/81/Stab-Croatia.pdfhttp://www.urban.org/PDF/cr-refprt.pdfhttp://www.urban.org/PDF/cr-locgov.pdfhttp://www.urban.org/PDF/cr-locfun.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan000189.pdf


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33.. TThhee SSttaattee aanndd CCiivviill SSoocciieettyy

3 . 1 Om bu dspe r son

The Ombudsman institution was established according to Section 93 of the

Constitution for promotion and protection of human rights and fundamentalfreedoms on national level.

The Ombudsman is authorized by the Croatian Parliament to protect theconstitutional and legal rights of citizens in proceedings before governmentaladministration and bodies vested with public authority. The Ombudsman is electedby the Croatian Parliament for a period of eight years.

The Ombudsman institution has 3 deputies, who are all elected and relieved of officeby the Parliament at the proposal made by the Ombudsman in person.

Source: Eunomia & The Greek Ombudsman - The Ombudsman Institution in South-Eastern Europe (2003) &

Croatian Parliament - About the Croatian Parliament

3.2 Ci t i zens and Pub l ic Au thor i t ies

The Constitution guarantees judicial control over the legality of individual acts ofadministrative bodies and other bodies vested with public authority. An appeal maybe lodged against individual acts, actions and measures of bodies of stateadministration, of local self-government and administrative bodies and of legalentities vested with public authority in first instance affairs delegated to them. Incases where the appeal is not permitted, judicial protection is provided for. TheAdministrative Court of the Republic of Croatia decides actions brought againstpunishable administrative acts and carries out other affairs prescribed by law

Source: International Institute of Administrative Sciences & UNDESA - Croatia (2000)

3.3 NGOs and Civ i l Soc iety

Toward the end of the Tudjman regime, as the 2000 general elections wereapproaching, the country saw unprecedented growth in civic action andvolunteerism. Vibrant NGO activity helped bring about a change in governmentthrough the encouragement of voter participation, awareness campaigns, andconstant pressure on the HDZ government to support a transparent electoralprocess. The organization GONG started as a pro-vote initiative but developed intoan all-purpose advocate offering anything from legal advice to tours of theParliament. GONG and similar groups have played a major role in animating Croatianyouths, not only to vote but also to become active participants in the democraticprocess.

In November 2000 following a number of discussions, the government gathered

representatives from numerous NGOs, nonprofit organizations, the public sector,religious institutions, and international organizations to adopt its Program forCooperation between the government and the nongovernmental, nonprofit sector inCroatia. A number of important measures followed, including the introduction ofcertain tax breaks for NGOs and the adoption of the Law of Associations. The newlaw significantly improved the legal framework for NGO activity, including theremoval of clauses permitting government interference in NGO work; it alsoeliminated registration and tax hurdles.

Source: Freedom House - Nations in Transit (2003)

8
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN014896.pdfhttp://www.sabor.hr/default.asp?ru=161&sid=&akcija=&jezik=2http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan000189.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/nispacee/unpan012409.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/nispacee/unpan012409.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan000189.pdfhttp://www.sabor.hr/default.asp?ru=161&sid=&akcija=&jezik=2http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN014896.pdf


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44.. CCiivviill SSeerrvviiccee

Under the most recent Government, the Ministry Justice, Administration and LocalSelf-Government (MoJALSG) was the lead on HRM issues. The new Government has

restructured and the public administration portfolio has been transferred to a newlycreated State Office of Administration under the Prime Minister.11

Rules and regulations for staff management and, in particular, recruitment andpromotion are set by the MoJALSG; their implementation is the responsibility of eachinstitution, although the MoJALSG is tasked with the supervision of compliance bythe ministries and with handling administrative procedures concerning civil servants.The Department for Administrative Inspection ensures supervision and compliance.

Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

4.1 Lega l bas is

Act of 14 March 2001 on Civil Servants and State employees (Text No. 471).

Narodne Novine, 2001-03-30, No. 27, pp. 668-686

Fixes rights, obligations, responsibilities and means of wages determination of civilservants and State employees. Also contains provisions relating to the tasks andvocational training and upgrading of civil servants and State employees.

The law covers all State employees with the exceptions of the Judiciary, local levelofficials and uniform branches. It distinguishes between public employees andprofessional civil servants.12

Repeals Act of 12 October 1994 on civil servants and government employees and onwages for those responsible for judicial functions.

Source: International Labour Organization (NATLEX) - Croatia: Public and civil servants

4 . 2 Rec r u i t m en t

Article 114 of the Constitution and Article 14 ff. of the Law on Civil Servants andPublic Employees call for a public competition to enter the public service (for bothcivil service and public employee status), with certain exceptions contained in Art 15.In all cases the ultimate decision lies with the Minister or a delegate, who has tochoose amongst the finalists of the competitive process.

The Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees includes an probationary period andcalls for a civil service examination before tenure can be awarded. The examinationtests primarily candidates legal knowledge.

Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

4 . 3 Pr om o t ion

The Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees describes the generic tasks ofdifferent positions (job titles) and defines career paths for civil servants. It alsodescribes the necessary credentials (education, experience) for the differentpositions. Promotion is strictly based on seniority requirements.

11SIGMA collected data prior to this change, thus when the text refer to the MoJALSG this reflect the old distribution of

competencies. However, the text remains relevant for the future work of the new Office.

9

12SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)
http://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.homehttp://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.details?p_lang=en&p_country=HRV&p_classification=22.10&p_origin=COUNTRY&p_sortby=SORTBY_COUNTRYhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.details?p_lang=en&p_country=HRV&p_classification=22.10&p_origin=COUNTRY&p_sortby=SORTBY_COUNTRYhttp://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.homehttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htm


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Appointments to Assistant Minister are exempt from the strict rules of seniority, thusthese posts are sometimes used to promote outstanding young civil servants, orrecruit from outside.


4 . 4 Rem u ner a t i on

The basic principles of the new system are laid out in the Law on Civil Servants andPublic Employees. The existing salary compression ratio is about 1:5. Salaries in thecivil service in Croatia are higher than in the rest of the region and compare moreclosely with Slovenia.

The wages of civil servants are determined by a coefficient system, i.e.grades/positions are linked to task complexity coefficients; the multiplier (wagecalculation base) is fixed every year. The product is increased by a senioritysupplement of 0.5% for each completed year of service.

The basis for wage calculation is determined by the Collective Agreement. Thestarting points for the establishment of the wage basis are: the budget proposal forthe next year; the wage policy agreement; and the average monthly gross wage of

employees in the Republic of Croatia disbursed during the previous year, which isfixed by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and published in the Official Gazette. If noagreement on the wage calculation basis is reached before passage of the Statebudget, the wage calculation basis is set by a Government Regulation.

Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004)

4 . 5 T r a in ing

Chapter 9 of the Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees regulates professionaltraining and improvement of civil servants. The existing training provided by theMoJALSG is designed to prepare candidates for the civil service examination, and itconcentrates on legal issues. Continuous training to systematically update skills and

knowledge of the existing staff is not provided by the MoJALSG.Some ministries have organized systematic training in cooperation with universities,for example, for customs officials and for the financial police. Specific training mayalso be organized by the individual ministries on an ad hoc basis.


4.6 Gender

The Constitution as well as the Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees [Art. 5]call for equal access to the public service. Women are well represented in the publicservice. The representation of women in top management positions seems to behigher than in most EU Member States.

10

http://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htm


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55.. EEtthhiiccss aanndd CCiivviill SSeerrvviiccee

5 . 1 Co r r up t i on

2003 CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by

business people and country analysts and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0(highly corrupt).

Cor r up t i on P e r cep t i ons I ndex

2003 CPIScore

SurveysUsed

StandardDeviation

High-LowRange

NumberInst.

90 percentconfidence

range

Rank Country

1 Highly clean 9.7 8 0.3 9.2 - 10.0 4 9.5 - 9.9

59 Croatia 3.7 8 0.6 2.6 4.7 7 3.3 -4.0

133 Highly corrupt 1.3 8 0.7 0.3 - 2.2 6 0.9 - 1.7

Source:Transparency International -Corruption Perceptions Index 2003Surveys Used: Refers to the number of surveys that were used to assess a country's performance. 17 surveys were

used and at least 3 surveys were required for a country to be included in the CPI.

Standard Deviation: Indicates differences in the values of the sources. Values below 0.5 indicate agreement, values

between 0.5 and c. 0.9 indicate some agreement, while values equal or larger than 1 indicate disagreement.

High-Low Range: Provides the highest and lowest values of the sources.

Number Institutions: Refers to the number of independent institutions that assessed a country's performance. Since

some institutions provided more than one survey.

90 percent confidence range: Provides a range of possible values of the CPI score. With 5 percent probability the score

is above this range and with another 5 percent it is below.

The recent Government adopted a national programme to fight against corruption in2001. This programme, together with the action plan, was approved by parliament inspring 2002. A special parliamentary commission was to have the task of supervisingthe implementation of the action plan; however, by the date of the election

(November 2003) no commission had been created. The Ministry of Justice,Administration and Local Self-Government is tasked to report at least twice a year onthe progress of implementation of the action plan.

An office for fighting corruption and organized crime was established in 2001.Amendments to the Penal Code, aimed at improving the prosecution of active andpassive corruption and conflict of interest, were adopted in July 2003.

A law on Preventing Conflict of Interest was also adopted in summer 2003; it obligesa large number of elected and appointed public officials to disclose their financialassets, interests and liabilities. The law provides for a commission to be set up toensure its implementation.

Public officials have a duty to report suspected corruption under the Civil Service and

Public Employment Law.Source: SIGMA (Croatia) - Balkans Public Administration Reform Assessment: Croatia (January 2004) (edited)

5.2 Eth ics

The Law on Civil Servants and Public Employees includes disciplinary regulations aswell as liability regulations. Some training has been made available, mostly bybilateral assistance, to improve ethical behaviour in the public service.


11
http://www.transparency.org/http://cpi/http://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/PDF/assessments/Balkans2004/CroatiaPAR_0104.pdfhttp://www.sigmaweb.org/countries/crooverview.htmhttp://cpi/http://www.transparency.org/


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66.. ee--GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt

e-Government

Readiness Index:

The index refers to the

generic capacity oraptitude of the public

sector to use ICT for

encapsulating in public

services and deploying

to the public, high

quality information

(explicit knowledge) and

effective communication

tools that support

human development.

The index is comprised

of three sub-indexes:

Web Measure Index,

Telecommunications

Infrastructure Index andHuman Capital Index.

6.1 e -Govern m ent Read iness

12

Web Measure Index:

A scale based on

progressively

sophisticated web

services present.

Coverage and

sophistication of state-

provided e-service and

e-product availability

correspond to a

numerical classification.

Telecommunications

Infrastructure Index:

A composite, weighted

average index of six

primary indices, based

on basic infrastructural

indicators that define a

country's ICT infra-

structure capacity.

Primary indicators are:

PCs, Internet users,

online population andMobile phones.

Secondary indicators

are TVs and telephone

lines.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Croatia

Albania BiH

Bulgaria

Mac

edonia*

Mold

ova,

Rep.

Romania

Serb

.&Mont

.

e-Government Readiness Index

* Former Yugoslav Republic Source: United Nations World Public Sector Report 2003

Human Capital Index:

A composite of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio, with two thirds of the weight

given to adult literacy and one third to the gross enrolment ratio.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Croa

tia

Albania

B

iH

Bulga

ria

Macedon

ia*

Mold

ova,R

ep.

Romania

Serb

.&Mo

nt.

Web Measure Index Telecom. Infrastructure Index Human Capital Index

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdf


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0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Croatia

Alba

nia

BiH

Bulg

aria

Maced

onia

*

Moldo

va,Rep

.

Romania

Serb

.&Mont.

e-Participation Index


6.2 e -Par t ic ipa t ion6 .2 e -Par t ic ipa t ion

13

e-consultation:

The government website explains e-consultation mechanisms and tools. It offers a choice of public policy topics online for discussion with

real time and archived access to audios and videos of public meetings. The government encourages citizens to participate in discussions.

e-decision making:

The government

indicates that it will

take citizens input

into account in

decision making and

provides actualfeedback on the

outcome of specific

issues.

e-Participation

Index:

Refers to the willing-

ness, on the part of

the government, to

use ICT to provide

high quality informa-

tion (explicit know-

ledge) and effective

communication tools

for the specific

purpose of empower-

ring people for able

participation in

consultations and

decision-making both

in their capacity as

consumers of public

services and as

citizens.

e-information:

The government

websites offer

information on

policies and

programs, budgets,

laws and regulations,

and other briefs of

key public interest.

Tools for dissemi-

nating of information

exist for timely access

and use of public

information, including

web forums, e-mail

lists, newsgroups and

chat rooms.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Croatia

Alba

nia

BiH

Bulg

aria

Maced

onia

*

Moldo

va,Rep

.

R

omania

Serb.&

Mont.

e-information e-decision making e-consultation

* Former Yugoslav Republic Source: United Nations World Public Sector Report 2003 d
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdfhttp://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan012733.pdf


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77.. LLiinnkkss

7.1 Nat iona l s i tes

Authority TopicOffice of the President http://www.predsjednik.hr

Parliament http://www.sabor.hr

Government http://www.vlada.hr

Offices of the Government http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=197&sid=&jezik=2

Ministries http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=301&sid=&jezik=2

Central State Administrative Offices http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=331&sid=&jezik=2

State Administrative Organizations http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=194&sid=&jezik=2

Central Bureau of Statistics http://www.dzs.hr/

7.2 Misce l laneous s i tes

Institution Topic

Council of Europe (COE) http://www.coe.int

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD)

http://www.ebrd.com/country/country/croatia/index.htm

European Commission and World Bank (SEERECON) http://www.seerecon.org/croatia/index.cfm

European Union (EU) http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/croatia/index.htm

International Labour Organization (ILO) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.homeOrganization for Security and Co-operation inEurope (OSCE)

http://www.osce.org/croatia/overview/

OSCE - Legislation http://www.legislationline.org

OSCE - News http://www.osce.org/news/index.php

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) http://www.undp.hr/

World Bank (WB) http://www.worldbank.hr/

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http://www.predsjednik.hr/http://www.sabor.hr/http://www.vlada.hr/http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=197&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=301&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=331&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=194&sid=&jezik=2http://www.dzs.hr/http://www.coe.int/http://www.ebrd.com/country/country/croatia/index.htmhttp://www.seerecon.org/croatia/index.cfmhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/croatia/index.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.homehttp://www.osce.org/croatia/overview/http://www.legislationline.org/http://www.osce.org/news/index.phphttp://www.undp.hr/http://www.worldbank.hr/http://www.worldbank.hr/http://www.undp.hr/http://www.osce.org/news/index.phphttp://www.legislationline.org/http://www.osce.org/croatia/overview/http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.homehttp://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/croatia/index.htmhttp://www.seerecon.org/croatia/index.cfmhttp://www.ebrd.com/country/country/croatia/index.htmhttp://www.coe.int/http://www.dzs.hr/http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=194&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=331&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=301&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=197&sid=&jezik=2http://www.vlada.hr/http://www.sabor.hr/http://www.predsjednik.hr/

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