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REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

DEPARTMENT

FOR THE YEAR

1989

PRICE: P3,OO

Printed by the Government Printer, Gaborone Botswana

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT

(Director: T.P. Machacha)

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT

FOR THE YEAR

1989

Published by

The Director Geological Survey Department

Private Bag 14. Lobatse, Botswana.

With the authority of The Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs

Republic of Botswana.

I. GENERAL

The Geological Survey remained within the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs and continued with its main functions of gathering, assessing and disseminating all data related to the rocks, mineral deposits and ground water resources of Botswana.

The departmental organisational structure continued to consist of the Directorate, four operational divisions of Regional Geology, Economic Geology, Hydrogeology and Geophysics together with an administrative division. Support to the main divisions was provided by the Drawing office, Technical Records, Chemistry and Mineral Dressing laboratories.

The staffing position within the department remained satisfactory throughout the year. The post of Deputy Director continued to be held by Mr. J. Dowsett a geophysicist in the Department. Dr. Norman Lock continued as the Assistant Director.

Within the Economic Geology division work continued to be directed towards the evaluation and review of industrial minerals occurrences. A study was made of potential precious metals mineralisation associated with copper-nickel deposits at Selibe Pikwe.

Mineral Exploration by the private sector was very active throughout the year and was directed at the discovery of precious stones, base and precious metals and platinum group metals.

One hundred and forty prospecting licences and three reconnaissance permits were in force at the beginning of the year. During the year one of these licences was converted to a mining lease, one other mining lease was applied for and eight were relinquished or surrendered. Furthermore three reconnaissance permits expired. By year end there were two hundred and sixty active licences. One hundred and ninety-two of these were for precious stones and sixty eight for base and precious metals.

Within the Hydrogeology Division, proposals and terms of reference were prepared for several ground water investigation projects. These included Letlhakeng-Botlhapatlou, TGLP Ground water potential survey, Matsheng area, and Mmamabula phase Il. Continued research programmes explored ground water recharge mechanisms and regional ground water flow systems. Part of this research was carried out in a joint venture with the University of Botswana and the Free University of Amsterdam. Hydrological and climatological observations continued in the important ground water basins in Eastern Botswana.

In the Regional Geology Division, a number of publications were printed and made available during the year. They include Bulletin 23 describing the geology of the Molopo Farms complex and 1:125,000 scale geological maps for quarter degree sheets (QDS) 2524B (Metlobo) and 2524D (Mabule).

Mapping projects were carried out in three areas; Magogaphate (QDS 2128C), Matsitama (QDS 2126B) and Ghanzi-Chobe (QDS 2022D with parts of 2022C and 2023C). The results of geological surveying in Kanye (QDS 2425C), Shashe (QDS 2127A) Mmamabula-Dibete (QDS 2326C and D), Marico River (QDS 2426B) and Topisi (QDS 2227 A) areas are currently being prepared for publication.

In the Geophysics Division two major aid projects were undertaken in 1989; A PetroCanada International Assistance Corporation (PCIAC) supported stratigraphic drill hole in the Nosop Basin of Western Botswana and an EEC funded airborne electromagnetic survey in the Magogaphate area between Francistown and Selibe Phikwe.

In addition a gravity survey was carried out northeast of the Mabuasehube Game Reserve and gravity work was carried in several parts of Botswana to improve the density of stations in the National Gravity Survey. A considerable amount of time was spent on professional consultation to

the Hydrogeology Division on ground water evaluation projects.

One CrDA project, the localisation of the Geophysics Division continued to run smoothly during the year. Under this project, llatswana students continued to pursue degree and diploma studies in Geophysics, Engineering and Geology at various Canadian institutions.

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5. HYDROGEOLOGY DIVISION

5.1 Introduction

The Hydrogeology Division has the responsibility for the investigation and exploration of the groundwater resomces of the country. It assesses their potential for development and utilisation, with water quality being an important factor. The division gathers data on ground water abstraction, water quality evolution and ground water replenishment.

During 1989 proposals and terms of reference were prepared for several ground water investigation projects. Continued research programmes explored groundwater recharge mechanisms and regional ground water flow systems. Part of this research was carried out in a joint venture with the University of Botswana and the Free University Amsterdam.

Hydrogeological and climatological observations continued in important ground water basins in eastern Botswana.

The Borehole Records Archive and the Drill Sample Store receiving borehole data, formation and water samples from government and private boreholes expanded their handling capacity. To deal with a large backlock of so far unprocessed borehole and water quality data, a contract for consultant support was formulated.

Training and localisation remained a central concern. There was continued staff support from Germany (Principal Hydrogeologist), SIDA (Hydrogeologist) and ODA (Hydrogeologist). Mr. E. Selaolo and Mr. P. Phofuetsile were introduced to the responsibilities of the PrinCipal and Senior Posts. Localisation of these posts is scheduled for January 1990.

Mr. G. Gabaake completed an MSc course in hydrogeology at the University of London. Mr. J. Marks underwent training in the Borehole Records Archive and the Drill Sample Store and was appointed Senior Administration assistant (Hydrogeology) in December.

5.2 Development Projects

5.2.1 Evaluation 0/ Underground Water Resources (GSIO)

5.2.1.1 Letlhakeng-Botlhapatlou Groundwater Investigation Project (GSIO)

Project duration: 18,5 months Total project cost: Pula 6,161,992 Consultant: Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM), Orleans, France. Drilling contractor: Geotest (Pty) Ltd., Gaborone Commencement of project: February 1990

The contract was awarded to BGRM and Geotest in April 1989. Modifications to the technical proposal were negotiated with BRGM in May. In November the French Government submitted a finanCing proposal and in December the financial agreement was signed. Costs for consulting services are funded by a soft loan and partly by a grant. Domestic development funds will be used for the drilling and test pumping contract.

5.2.1.2 TGLP Groundwater Potential Survey (GS03).

Staff shortage prevented any progress with the project. In March, the department undertook steps for the recruitment of two qualified hydrogeologists. In November the Directorate of Public Service Management approved two additional hydrogeologist posts and SIDA agreed on part funding of the salaries for two hydrogeologists to be recruited from Scandinavian countries.

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5.2.1.3 Matsheng Area Groundwater Investigation (GSIO).

The revised project memorandum was submitted to the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs in April. The project was offered to donor agencies and in August DANIDA expressed an interest in the project. A firm commitment by DANIDA is however still outstanding.

5.2.1.4 Mmamabula Groundwater Investigation Project, Phase II, Khurutshe Area.

Preparation of a project memorandum commenced in September. It was almost complete by the end of the year.

5.2.2 Groundwater Resources Monitoring and Recharge Studies (GS04)

5.2.2.1 Groundwater Recharge Evaluation Study.

Project Duration; July 1987 to December 1990 (six months extension) Total project cost: Pula 766 000.

The project is carried out in a joint venture with the University of Botswana and the Free University Amsterdam. The Netherlands provide the larger part of the funding with domestic development funds covering the balance.

Work performed: With the Kanye dolomite ground water basin another study area was added. Here soil profiles were sampled and existing neutron probe holes recalibrated. In all investigation areas surface and groundwater was sampled and analysed. Climatic and hydrologic monitoring continued. Five Observation boreholes were drilled in the Nnywane-Pitsanyane basin to improve the knowledge on groundwater flow and infiltration processes. Climatological data from the Kanye weather station were analysed. A lumped parameter model to simulate groundwater recharge processes and calculate recharge rates was developed. Students from both cooperating universities have participated in the research work.

Methods developed by the project and first results are featured in a number of papers prepared for publication.

5.2.2.2 Groundwater Resources Monitoring

Project duration: August 1987 to March 1991 Total project costs: Pula 566 000 The project is financed from domestic development funds.

At Serowe the monitoring network was expanded to include areas to the west investigated under the Serowe project. At Ramotswa and Kanye wellfields some modifications of the network were introduced in order to improve the control in certain parts of the aquifer basins.

Monitoring of the Shashe wellfield near Maun was handed over to the Department of Water Affairs. Installations in the network now compromise 33 automatic water level recorders, 12 automatic rain gauges and 2 fully automatic weather stations.

5.3 Departmental Groundwater Exploration Projects

5.3.1 Groundwater potential assessment in the Waterberg north of Molepolole

The cored borehole near Medie has reached a depth of 618m in conglomerate presumably oj' the Gagobakwe formation. Drilling will continue in 1990 under supervision of the Regional Geology Division.

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5.4 Groundwater Basin Monitoring

Water level fluctuations, water abstraction, water quality changes, precipitation and rainwater chemistry were recorded monthly in the following groundwater basins: Serowe wellfield, Palapye wellfield, Malotwane wellfield northwest of Mochudi, south of Mochudi, Molepolole east wellfield, Metsemotlhaba valley, Ramotswa wellfield, Nnywane-Pitsanyane well field north of Lobatse, Kanye wellfield. Monitoring in connection with pollution prevention was done in the Lobatse sewerage treatment area. Each month wflter levels were recorded in 223 boreholes. Water abstraction from 37 producing boreholes was listed.

5.5 Borehole Records Archive and Data Base, Drill Sample Store

During this year work concentrated on the input of additional data into the expanded data base. Therefore little progress was made with the incorporation of borehole data for additional map sheet areas. The index map shows the status of data computerisation at the end of 1989.

In assessing the progress achieved so far with the production of borehole location maps and the input of borehole data into the data base, it became evident that it would take the small staff in the Borehole Records Archive years to complete a country wide coverage. Meanwhile the demand for readily available hydrogeological data is on the increase both from government and the public. It has therefore been decided to employ consultants to assist with the completion of the data base. Tenders for the contract were sent out in December and the project is expected to start in April 1990.

During the year, 388 private bore holes and 899 government boreholes were registered. The continued large investment by Government in ground water resources development, mainly in rural areas, is evident.

A continuous flow of samples was received at the Drill Sample Store. Samples were filled into containers, labelled and listed. At the end of the year the core shed contained 91 903 private borehole samples and 111 539 government borehole samples.

5.6 Consulting Services for Government and the Public, Membership on Committees and Boards.

Professional advice has again been provided to the public. Consultants have made extensive use of the Borehole Records Archive, largely in connection with the Consolidated Water Supply Emergency Programme and the National Water Master Plan Study.

The following government institutions received consulting services:

- Department of Water Affairs: Input to the National Water Master Plan Study. Geological Survey has been chairing the Sub-Committee Groundwater Resources. Assistance with tendering for the Molepolole-Mochudi Groundwater Exploitation Project.

- Ministry of Local Government and Lands. Hydrogeological advice has been given in connection with the Self -Help Environmental Programme-Pit Latrine Construction. In consideration of water resources quality protection recommendations for the construction of pit latrines have been prepared for Tsamaya, Sechele, Senyawe, Makaleng, Masunga.

- Ministry of Commerce and Industry: A pre-feasibility study investigated geological and hydrogeological factors related to the possibility for underground storage of mineral oil near Gaborone, Mahalapye and Francistown.

- Water Apportionment Board: Geological Survey is a board member. Technical advice was provided, in particular, with the control of well field monitoring at Jwaneng, Orapa, Paje, Seleka Farm and Ramotswa.

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- Water Utilities Corporation: An assessment was carried out regarding a potential [lollntion hazard in the Lobatse Estates Wellfield arising from farming activities.

The Geological Survey has been a member on the following project steering gronps: "Okavango Integrated Water Resources Development" (DWA), "Consolidated Water Supply Emergen~y Programme" (DWA), "National Water Master Plan Study" (DWA), "Ramotswa Well field Operation Procedure and Monitoring" (WUC). It is also represented on the "Interministerial Water Supply and Sanitation Committee".

5.7 Hydrogeological Research Programmes

5.7.1 Cooperation with National and International Institutions

Cooperation with the University of Botswana and the Free University Amsterdam continued under the Groundwater Recharge Evaluation Study (refer 5.2.2.1).

5.7.2 Departmental Research Programmes

G. Gabaake completed his MSc-thesis entitled "A report on an investigation of the hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions in northwest Ngamiland". Although data available for the study area are rather limited, it has been possible to develop a regional picture of groundwater flow with the identification of recharge and discharge areas. In detail, however, complex ground water conditions exist. More investigations, in particular controlled drilling, would be needed before further conclusions can be made.

An detailed investigation of the water resources in the Seleka Farm well field was started by G. Nkala in October. Gathering of data from archival sources and in the field formed the first work phase. With existing boreholes a groundwater observation network was established and a routine monitoring programme was commenced.

5.8 Staff and Staff Training

5.8.1 Staff Assignment and Staff Movements

Dr. M. von Hoyer, seconded from BGR, continued as head of the division. The training of E. Selaolo towards the localisation of the Principal post was completed by year end and handing over of the division to him is scheduled for January 1990.

P. Phofuetsile was introduced to the tasks and responsibilities of Senior Hydrogeologist. Localisation of this currently vacant post is planned for 1990.

G. Gabaake returned in November from a thirteen months MSc-course in hydrogeology at the University of London. The scholarship was sponsored by the British Council.

G. Nkala, who had been with the Regional Geology Division, joined the Division in September. He is to receive training in the groundwater sciences initially within the department. Further academic training at a university abroad is planned for a later stage.

R. Timje (SIDA) continued his contract as hydrogeologist with work mainly in conncction with project planning and tender document preparation.

R. Hargreaves (ODA) has been the officer in charge of the groundwater monitorinp, programme. In addition she prepared project and tender documents for the project "Ilorehol" Records Archive".

T. Kgole, technical officer, has been put in charge of the Borehole Records i\rchiv(" Dulll

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Base and Drill Sample Store. To this unit were also assigned the technical assistants B. Mohamadi and N. Ramotsoko, together with J. Marks, who was appointed senior administration assistant in December.

The following senior technical assistants worked under the groundwater monitoring programme and the Groundwater Recharge Evaluation Study: J. Keakile, J. Leetile, T, Ntesang. Technical assistants J. Setlhomo and J. Phiri also performed monitoring duties.

5.8.2 Staff Training

In working closely with the Principal Hydrogeologist, E. Selaolo and P. Phofuetsile were familiarised with the work and responsibilities related to the heading of the Division.

Introduction of G. Nkala t6 hydrogeology and to his study project commenced in October with Dr. von Hoyer (BGR) providing professional guidance.

A. Mogotsi continued with his academic training in geotechnical engineering at Sir Sandford Flemming College, Canada.

The three months course "Groundwater Basics" held at the University of Botswana was attended by T. Kgole, N. Ramotsoko and T. Sejanamane.

T. Sejanamane was recruited in April as a new trainee for technical assistant.

5.9 Reports and Publications

The following papers were published during 1989;

von Hoyer, M. (1989): Hydrogeological Maps of Botswana - their usefulness in development planning, groundwater resources investigation and management. Froc. [Ilt. Symposium Hydrogeo[. Maps. fAH. Hannover 1989.

van Hoyer, M. and Struckmeier, W. (1989): A new groundwater resources map for the Republic of Botswana at the scale of 1:1000000. BotswQnQ Notes and Records, 20, Gaborone 1989.

The following MSc-thesis was completed during 1989:

Gabaake, G. (1989): A report on an investigation of the hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions in northwest Ngamiland. University College, London, 1989.

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HYDROGEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE MAP OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA AT SCALE 1 : 500 000

SHEET INDEX

15

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT

PROGRESS IN COMPUTERISATION OF HYDROGEOLOGY WELL RECORDS AS AT 1.1.90

SOUTH AFR

© REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA

16

I22J B2l ~

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Updated maps

Updated maps, ~ partially computerised

Updated maps, computerised

Partially computerised

(CGG) of Paris, France. The GEOTEM time domain electromagnetic instrument developed by Geoterrex, a CGG subsidiary was used for the survey. Airborne magnetic data were collected along with the electromagnetic information.

A total, including control lines, of 22,932 line kilometres were flown. The line spacing was 300 metres and the aircraft mean terrain clearance was 120 metres.

Preliminary maps are expected to be available early in 1990 and final reports and maps will be available in the third quarter of 1990.

6.3.3 Professional Consultation to Hydrogeology

A considerable amount of time was spent during the year on professional consultation and advice to the Hydrogeology Division in connection with ground water evaluation projects. The projects involved included Molepolole/Mochudi, Letlhakeng/Botlhapatlou, the Groundwater Recharge Evaluation Study and Mmamabula Phase n.

6.3.4 Groundwater Methodology Handbook

A two year project funded by CIDA with input from the Geophysics Division of the Geological Survey was initiated during the year. The objective of the project is to produce a handbook which assesses the use of geophysics in the search for ground water reSOUrceS in the semi­arid portions of southern Africa. The handbook is intended for hydrogeologists and technicians involved in the search for groundwater and will be based on case histories developed in Botswana.

6.4 Internal Projects

6.4.1 M abuasehube Gravity Survey

The 1972/73 National Gravity Survey revealed a strong but poorly defined gravity low (40 mGal) northeast of the Mabuasehube Game Reserve. The anomaly is east of the Kalahari Line and about 70km southeast of Hukuntsi.

It was suggested that the negative anomaly might be caused by a sedimentary basin containing gold bearing quartzites similar to those of the Witwatersrand basin. To test this idea a gravity survey was carried out in the area to define the anomaly in more detail. Interpretations of the gravity data suggest that the anomaly could be explained by the presence of a large granitic body. A diamond drill hole is planned for the centre of the anomaly to determine its cause.

6.4.2 National Gravity Survey In/ill

A number of gaps in the gravity data coverage of Botswana-have now been filled. A computer database has been created containing approximately 16,300 data points from major surveys carried out by the GSD, exploration companies and universities. A report describing the' database and its format has been written.

The overall purpose of this work is to prepare a second edition of the National Gravity Survey. This second edition will contain all new gravity data acquired since the first edition was published in 1976. In due COurse this data will be made available to the public in either DBASE 1II+ or ASCII formats.

6.4.3 Phitshane Molopo

A geophysical anomaly suspected to be a kimberlite pipe was identified south of Lobatse, close to the Mosi ridge. This anomaly was drilled; the borehole intersecting a sequence of banded iron formation rocks. These rocks were also found to be highly magnetic, thus explaining the

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magnetic anomaly. A considerable amount of mineralization, mostly pyrite, was id,mt iried. TI\(! hole was stopped at a depth of 65 metres. The mineralized sections were assayed ror gold. All slImpl".s returned values less than 0.05g/t. As a result of this, the project has been terminated.

6.4.4 Aeromagnetic data interpretation

Aeromagnetic data interpretation in areas of interest to the Regional Geology and Hydrogeology Divisions was initiated during the year. The Geophysics Division is compiling, reprocessing and interpreting the data for quarter degree sheets 2128C, 2126B, 2227 A, part or 20261) and the Seleka Farms area (for the hydrogeology Division). To date the project has proven to be a success as it has helped in the understanding of the geological structure of some of these areas. The Division plans to continue this kind of interpretation prior to geological mapping.

6.4.5 Kimberlite research

The purpose of this project is to compile an atlas of geophysical signatures over various types of kimberlite pipes. Such a reference would assist in the exploration for kimberlite pipes in Botswana. To date all company reports have been examined. Field work has been carried out over five pipes in the Jwaneng area in collaboration with Molopo Botswana (Pty) Ltd. Gravity and radon gas surveys were undertaken. Results indicate distinct gravity responses; radon results are not yet available. The results will be presented at the EAEG conference in Copenhagen next year. Work will continue on this project in 1990.

6.4.6 Pitsanyane Nnywane Groundwater Project

Gravity and electromagnetic surveys were completed in the Pitsanyane-Nnywane area north of Lobatse to assist the Hydrogeology Division in siting boreholes for groundwater monitoring. Drill holes were sited on low gravity anomalies, indicative of karst development in the Transvaal dolomite, and on EM conductors indicating shale layers. Groundwater is present in all five holes drilled, which will be used as observation wells.

6.4.7 Rainbow gold mine

Detailed ground magnetic, induced polarization and resistivity surveys were completed over the Rainbow Mine gold project, operated by Falconbridge, as a training exercise for a Batswana geophysicists in the Geophysics Division. The Rainbow Mine is a past-producing gold mine in the Tati Schist Belt south of Francistown. Gold is associated with pyrite in a silicified shear zone hosted by metasediments. The fault structure thought to control the ore is evident as a low magnetic lineament with a strong JP response.

6.4.8 New Zealand and Blue Jacket mines

These mines are also past gold producers in the Tati Schist Belt. The geology is very similar to that at the Rainbow mine, gold occuring with sulphides in silicified shear zones. Both mines are currently operated as an exploration project of Phelps- Dodge (now Rio Tinto Zinc). A dew i led ground magnetic survey was completed over the mineralized zones, which was useful in outlining tll<! structural pattern in the area.

6.5 Support services

6.5.1 Electronics Laboratory and Workshop

Maintenance of electrical, electro-mechanical and electronic equipment throllp,llOlIt tllll Geological Survey remained the responsibility of the Geophysics Division in 1989.

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Analytical Abstracts Analytical Chemistry

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Earth Science Reviews

Journal of the Geological Society of London Journal of Geology Journal of Hydrology Journal of Petrology

Economic Geology Geoexploration Geographical Journal Geological Magazine Geophysical Prospecting Geophysics Groundwater

Journal of Structural Geology Mining Journal Nature Precambrian Research Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology South African Journal of Geology Tectonophysics

International Journal of Coal Geology Journal of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

The Analyst Water Resources Research

Consultants reports received during the year were as follows:

Sir Alexander Gibb and Partner

Viak A.B.

Wellfield Consulting Services Ltd.

Motloutse dam feasibility/preliminary design study, interim report. March 1989.GC4/l5/1.

Lobatse Water supply refurbishment contract No. 3, well drilling. Instructions to tenderers from the Tender Board. GC4/l6/1.

Rural water supply design manual, volume I (Chapters 1-5) background and justification. February 1989. GC/9/8/1.

Rural water suply design manual volume 2, (Chapters 6-17) design criteria and technical requirements. February 1989. GC/9/8/2.

Rural water supply design manual, volume 3 (Chapters 18-25), design procedu res. February 1989. GC9/8/ /3.

Report on borehole siting. Mochudi-Sikwane Road for the Department of Water Affairs. GC/I0/3/9.

Completion report; ground water supply for Letlhakane Mine, village and road construction use. February 1976. GC/1O/5/1a

Consolidated emergency water supply programme group I villages Seolwane, Tobane, Mogapi, Kgagodi, Mogapinyana, Diloro, final report vo!. I March 1989 (GCIO/14/1).

Consolidated emergency water supply programme group I villages Seolwane, Tobane, Mogapi, Kgagodi/Mogapinyana, Diloro, final report vol II March 1989 (GCI0/14/2).

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Angl0 American Corporation of South Africa

Debswana (De Beers Botswana)

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Ltd . .IwlIntH'K Mine groundwater exploration drilling ane! tcst pumping III Jwaneng Northern wellfield 1988 vol. I summary report no CED/083/1/88 Nov. 1988 (GC14/4/2).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company(Pty)LtdJwancng Mine groundwater exploration drilling and test pumping at Jwaneng Northern Wellfield 1988 vol 11 Technical Report. Report no CED083/2/88 Nov. 1988 (GC14/4/3).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Lte!. JWlIneng Mine groundwater exploration drilling and test pumping at Jwaneng Northern Wellfield 1988 vol. Ill. Appendix A -Geology (GC14/4/4).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Ltd. Jwaneng mine groundwater exploration drilling and test pumping at Jwaneng Northern wellfield 1988 vol. IV - Appendix B -hydrogeology CED/083/4/88 Nov. 88 (GC 14/4/5)

A proposal for the further development of Northern wellfield in the light of aquifer degradation evident in certain boreholes Jwaneng mine report no. CED/48/80 Oct. 1980 (GC14/5/1).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Ltd Jwaneng mine groundwater production well and test pumping at Jwaneng Northern Wellfield 1989 Vol I summary report. Report no. CED/061-1/89 September 1989 (GC14/6/1).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Ltd Jwaneng Mine Groundwater production well and test pumping at Jwaneng northern wellfield 1989 vol. II - Technical report. Report CED/061-2/89 September 1989 (GC14/6/2).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Ltd Jwaneng Mine production drilling and test pumping at Jwaneng Northern wellfield 1989 vol. III - Appendix A - Geology (GC14/6/3).

De Beers Botswana Mining Company (Pty) Ltd Jwaneng Mine production drilling and test pumping at Jwaneng Northern well field 1989 vol. IV Appendix B - Hydrogeology (GC14/6/4)

Jwaneng Mine Northern well field groundwater moniloring report 16 January -June 1988 16.1 executive sunllllilry (GC18/3/2e).

Jwaneng Mine Northern wellfield monitoring reporl (0

January - June 1988 16.1 data compilation (GCI8/1/21').

Orapa Wellfields groundwater monitoring report no.1 0 1'01' the period July 1st 1988 December 29th 1988 10.2 Tt'ch nlcl1l data (GC18/3/2h)

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Dames and Moore

Watermeyer, Legge Pies old and Uhlmann

British Geological Survey

SMEC (Snowy Mountain Engineering Corporation)

Orapa Wellfields groundwater monitoring report no.IO for the period July 1st 1988 to December 29th 1988 10.1 Executive Summary (GCI8/3/2g).

Jwaneng Mine northern well field groundwater monitoring report 17 July - December 1988 17.1 executive summary (GCI8/3/2i).

Jwaneng Mine northern wellfield ground water monitoring report 17 July - December 1988 17.2 Data compilation (GCI8/3/2j).

Orapa Wellfields ground water monitoring report no. 9 for the period August 28th 1987 to 30th June 1988 inclusive 9.1 executive summary report no. OGD/00I/88. Date: September 1988 (GCI8/3/3).

Orapa Well fields ground water monitoring report no. 9 for the period August 28th 1987 to 30th June 1988 inclusive 9.2 Technical data report no. OGD/00l/88. September 1988 (GCI8/3/3a).

Orapa Wellfields ground water monitoring report no. 11 for the period December 30th 1988 to June 29th 1989 ll.l executive summary (GCI8/3j3B)

Orapa Wellfields groundwater monitoring report no. 11 for the period December 30th 1988 to June 29th 1989 (GCI8/3/3c).

Hydrogeological investigations at Seleka Farm 11, Tuli Block development phase 1985 (GCI9/3/2).

Ramotswa Well field operation procedures and resource management project phase I report Jan 1989 (GC27/ 10/ 1).

Mmamabula ground water resources investigations phase I contract no. 10/2/14/86-87 vo!. 2 appendices final report (GC27/ll/l).

B.G.S. digital aeromagnetic data of the Molopo farms area, Southern Botswana S.F. Kimbell, S.J. Self and R.Ii.Evans. Regional Geophysics Research Group report RG/87/21 (GC32/6/1).

Feasibility/preliminary design study lower Shashe dam. Interim report vo!. I report January 1989 (GC35/4/1).

Feasibility/preliminary design study lower Shashe dam. Interim report vo!. 2 drawings January 1989 (GC35/4/2).

Feasibility/preliminary design Geotechnical investigations vo!. Pipeline June 1989 (GC35/4/3).

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study lower Shashe. I Part A: Dam Part B:

•

Sir M. McDonald and Partners

Earth Resources Consultants (Pty) Ltd.

Botswana Power Corporation

Hydromin Consulting (Pty) Ltd

Bonifica

Feasibility/preliminary design study lower Shasl", dam, Geotechnical investigations vo!. 2 figures Part 1\: Dam PlIr( B: Pipeline June 1989 (GC35/4/4),

Limpopo Water utilisation study - supporting r,'port hydrology and supporting report I irrigation - Septl"lIhl" 1987 (2 copies) (GC37/2/1)

Limpopo Water utilisation study supporting reports: D: Dams on the Limpopo; E. Economics; G: Hydrogeolop,y; M: Mapping; S: Sand rivers. September 1987 (3 copies) (GC37/2/2).

Limpopo water utilisation study Main Report Septem ber 1987 (2 copies) (GC37/2/3)

Limpopo water utilisation study album of drawings January 1987 (GC37/2/4)

Consolidated emergency programme siting of boreholes and supervision of drilling construction (for the villages of Hatsa-la-tladi, Sorilatholo, Matengwane, Dibete and Lephephe). A collection of maps, graphic logs and geophysical cbarts vo!. n. Final report May 1989 (GC48/1/1)

Consolidated emergency programme siting of boreholes and supervision of drilling construction (for villages of Hatsa­la-tladi, Sorilatholo, Matengwane, Dibete and Lephephe) vo!. I May 1989 (GC48/1/2).

Morupule Power Station 1988 report on Paje Wellfield borehole monitoring (GC50/1/1).

Consolidated emergency water supply programme. Final report vo!. I relating to villages: Matebele-Oodi-Mabalanc­Sikwane, Mmathubudukwane-Malolwane and Gatukwe J ulll' 1989 (GC49/1/1)

Consolidated emergency water supply programme. Final report vol. 2A relating to villages; Matebele-Oodi­Mabalane-Sikwane, Mathubudukwane-Malolwane and Gatukwe June 1989 (GC49/1/2)

Consolidated emergency water supply programme, Finlll report vo!. 2B relating to villages Matebclc-Oodi··, Mabalane-Sikwane- Mathu budukwane- Ma 101 wa ne IIlIll Gakute June 1989 (GC49/1/3).

Southern African development coordination cOllferenet! Ministry of Mines of Zambia; Preliminary study Oil

inventory on Geological minerals and mining contrllcl no, M main report vo!. I December 1987 (GC51 / I / I).

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United Nations Development Programme (UNDP/FAO)

Water Resources Consultants

South African Geophysical Association

Southern African Development Coordination Conference -Ministry of Mines of Zambia; Preliminary study on

inventory on geology minerals and mining contract no. 6S. Institutions dealing with geological minerals and mining data vol. 2 December 1987 (GCSI/I/2).

Southern African Development Coordiantion Conference; Ministry of Mines of Zambia; Preliminary study on inventory on geology minerals and mining contract no. 6S; Appendices December 1987 (GCSI/I/3).

Investigations of the Okavango Delta as a primary water resources for Botswana; Resources and development report AG;DP/BOT/71/S06 Technical report vo!. I 1977 (GC S2/1/1).

Investigations of the Okavango delta as a primary water resources; project findings and recommendations Terminal report, report AG:DP/BOTj7I/S06 (GCS2/1/2).

Investigation of the Okavango delta as a primary water resource for Botswana: Consultant'S report seismicity tectonics and seismic hazard of the Okavango delta BOT/71/S06 April 1975 (GCS2/1/3).

Chemistry and stable isotope composition of Oka vango delta waters (GCS2/1/4).

Investigation of the Okavango as a primary water resource for Botswana: Technical note no. I Okavango bibliography BOT/71/S06 1977 (GCS2/I/S)

Investigation of the Okavango delta as a primary water resource for Botswana: Technical note no. 8; hydrostatic levelling in the Okavango delta BOTj7I/S06 July 1976 (GCS2/1/6).

Investigation of the Okavango delta as a primary water resource for Botswana: Technical note no. 20. The study of hydrological conditions in an experimental area in the seasonal swamp 1976 (GCS2/1j7).

Investigation of the Okavango as a primary water resources for Botswana: Technical note no. 3S selected soil profile descriptions. Soil scientist (Bot. 72/019 project) Botj71/S06 1977 (GCS2/1/8).

Consolidated emergency village water supply programme finaireport. vol I 1989 (GCS3/I/l)

Consolidated emergency village water supply programme final report vol. II 1989 (GCS3/1/2).

Electromagnetics for geophysical exploration: selected note (GCS4/1/1).

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Bundesansatalt fur Geowissenschften und Rohstoffe (BGR)

Lahmeyer International Consulting Engineers

8.4.2 Reports and publications

Technical cooperation project nr.832063 pilot project contribution to the prospecting for and exploration of groundwater in hard rock areas; Technical report application of remote sensing in the investigation of fractured aqui!'er, in Eastern Botswana 1989 (GC55/1/1).

Technical cooperation Lomagundi aquifer ,tudy; groundwater use and groundwater potential in the Chinhoyi Umboe-Mhangura farming area (GC55/2/1).

Botswana energy master plan interim report; energy information system and energy balances vo!. III 1986 (GC56/1/1).

Botswana energy master plan interim report; energy information system and energy balances vo!. 2 1986 (GC56/1/2).

8.4.2.1 The following Departmental reports and maps were published during the year;

Reports:

Annual Report for 1988

Annotated Bibliography of the geology of Botswana, Volume 5,1977-1985. By A.P. Lynam.

Mineral Resources Report 10; A review of the industrial minerals of northeastern Botswana. By R. Kreimeyer and P. Ramonyane.

Bulletin 23: The geology of the Molopo Farms Complex. Volume I - text. By D. Gould, P.A. Rathbone and G.S. KimbelI.

Maps:

Areas held under reconnaissance permits, prospecting licences and mining leases as at I January 1989 (1:2 000 000).

Areas held under reconnaissance permits, prospecting licences and mining leases as at I July 1989 (1:2 000 000).

Progress in geological mapping as at I January 1989 (1:2 000 000)

Metlobo 2524B (1:125 000)

Mabule 25240 (1:125 000)

Industrial Minerals of northeastern Botswana (1:250 000)

8.4.2.2 Sales of Departmental publications realised approximately P9000 while about 800 plIlllic:ltllollll were distributed free of charge and on exchange.

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8.4.2.3 The following internal reports were filed during the year:

Carney, J.N.

Carney ,J.N. and Dowsett,J .S.

Koosimile,D.I.

Kreimeyer, R.

Ngwisanyi,T.H.

Obotsang,M.T.

Phofuetsile,P.M.

Ramonyane,P.

Siamisang,T.L.

Smoor,P.B.

Tombale,A.R.

Early Proterozoic rocks at Mabuasehube Pan, south west Botswana. JNC/4/89.

The Geological Survey borehole near Gweta, northeastern Botswana; Geophysical setting, descriptioll of the core samples and a discussion of the Gweta basement. JNC/5/89, JSD/2/89.

Botlhapatlou: Gravity test over production water wells. DIK/I/88, BB/I/88, MD/I/88.

A report on the Thamaga brickearth deposit, RK/19/88, HK/22/88.

Report on a reconnaissance survey for 'dimension granite'. RK/21/88.

A historical review on the use of building stone in Botswana. RK/22/89, TS/3/89.

A report on the Notwani river brickearth deposit near Ramotswa village. RK/23/89, HK/23/89.

Preliminary report on the bentonitic properties of the Dukwe mudstone deposit. RK/24/89. PR/9/89.

Serule gravity investigation. THN/I/88.

Ghanzi-Chobe project literature search and compilation (Geophysical investigation). THN/2/89.

Pitsanyane-Nnywane project, karst valley and sunnyside (E6). THN/3/89.

Collecting and processing geophysical borehole logging data; Serowe groundwater project. (Swedish Geological Company) MTO/I/89.

Environmental isotopes in ground water recharge studies. PMP/3/88.

Hydrochemistry of the groundwater in the Kalahari, southwestern Botswana. Unpub. MSc thesis, University of London, UK.

Assessment of the Dibokwe shaly siltstone deposit for brick making purposes. PR/IO/89.

A report on the Serule marbles. TLS/4/89.

Recharge to groundwater at Palapye well field. PBS/I/88.

Metallogeny and geochemistry of the Tati greens tone belt, northeastern Botswana; PhD thesis proposal. ART/ 12/87.

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8.5 Drilling section

In February 1989, D.L. Allen commenced an 18 months contract as Senior Technical Offk'H on O.S.A.S. terms. This is the final phase of the localization programme.

In October 1989, C. Mpelege was promoted to the other vacant post of Senior Techllklll Officer (Drilling). This leaves only one more officer to be appointed to the senior posts Oil th,' departure in 1990 of the expatriate Officer.

August 1989 saw the arrival of a new multi-purpose drilling rig donated by A.I.D.A,ll, (Australian Aid). The commissioning of the rig commenced in October, on the arrival of 2 Australian engineers. The commissioning programme is expected to be completed in early 1990.

Drilling was again severely hampered by the condition of the remaining departmental drilling rigs which are now old and constantly under repair. 2 rigs were boarded during 1989.

8.5.1 Drill production

8.5.1.1 Tone Rig I

Tone Rig I was employed by the Economic Geology Division, firstly at the Matsiloje hills limestolw occurrence where six holes were cored to an average depth of 27m.

The rig then proceeded to Dukwe where three holes were plaaned to test the bentonitic properties of the mudstone. Unfortunately, the rig proved incapable of providing good quality cores of the swelling mudstone and drilling was abandoned until 1990 to await the availability of the new multi­purpose rig.

The rig then moved to the Matsitama project to assist Tone rig II.

8.5.1.2 Tone Rig II

Tone Rig II was employed for field mapping purposes at Olifants Drift and later with Tone Rig I at Matsitama. 30 holes were core drilled to an average depth of 25m.

8.5.1.3 Gryphon Rig

The Gryphon core drilled a hole for the Geophysics division at Pitsane Molopo. The hole was located to determine the cause of a magnetic anomaly and was terminated at a depth of 65 metres in Banded Iron Formation rocks. The rig was boarded immediately after this project.

8.5.1.4 Longyear 44

The Longyear 44 rig continued coring a hole at Medie. A further 420m was achieved during 1989, but progress was severely hampered by serious breakdowns.

8.5. J.5 Edson 6000w

The new Edson rig was employed on a commissioning hole in Lobatse Estates, This initial hol" WIIII abandoned at 87m, due to technical problems caused by a manufacturing fault in olle of tll(\ down the hole tools. Commissioning was therefore postponed until this fault could be rectificd lint! will re-commence early in 1990. In the meantime, the rig proceeded to Kanye for the IlydrollooloKY division where 3 holes were core drilled to an average of 13 metres.

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