Reptiles CH. 34.1 I. Characteristics A. Reptile means “one who crawls.” –The study of...
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Transcript of Reptiles CH. 34.1 I. Characteristics A. Reptile means “one who crawls.” –The study of...
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ReptilesCH. 34.1
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I. CharacteristicsA. Reptile means “one who crawls.”–The study of reptiles is called Herpetology.
B. They were the first vertebrates to make a transition to life on land.
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C. Amniotic Egg [p.838]–The total life supporting system for them.
–The development of internal fertilization and the amniotic egg allowed them freedom from reproducing in water.
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II. Adaptations for land life.
A. Amniotic Egg and Internal Fertilization
B. Waterproof Skin–Covered with scales.
–Protects the body.
–Prevents water loss.
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C. Modified Limbs–Some have legs with toes or claws.
–Some have “suction cups” to help with movement.
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D. Specialized Body Systems–Most have a 3-chambered heart.2 atria and 1 ventricle.
–Alligators and crocodiles have 4 chambers.
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Reptiles are cold-blooded [cannot control their body temperature.]–Ectothermic
–Endothermic=
warm-blooded
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III. Dinosaurs
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A. The earliest reptiles.B. Have been extinct for millions of years.
C. Dinosaur means= “terrible lizard.”
D. Most believe that a drastic climate change caused extinction.
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IV. Modern ReptilesA. Crocodiles and
Alligators1. Live in or near water.2. Are carnivores.3. Their only enemy is
man.
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Alligators have a broad, round snout.
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Alligators are found only in the SE U.S. and a small area of China.
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Crocodiles have a long, tapered snout.–Their teeth stick out from the bottom when the mouth is closed.
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Crocodiles are found in the U.S., Africa, and Asia.
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Is it a Florida Gator……or a Florida Crocodile????????
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B. Turtles and Tortoises
Turtles live in or around water.
Tortoises live only on land.Both DO NOT have teeth,
but have a strong, sharp beak.
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Snapping Turtle
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There are:–Carnivores{meat}
–Herbivores{plants}
–Omnivores{both}
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Tortoise
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C. LizardsTwo species are poisonous:–1. Gila Monster
–SW U.S.
–2. Beaded Lizard–W Mexico
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Some change colors to blend in with the environment.
Some can alter their body to appear fierce.
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Chameleon
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Frilled Lizard
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Some lose their tail as a means of defense and regenerate a new one, this is called AUTONOMY.
The largest lizard is the Komodo dragon.
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Tutuara
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D. Snakes1. Most snakes move in
an “S”pattern.2. Eyesight and hearing are
not well developed…the sense of smell is the strongest.
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3. Jacobson’s Organ
a.Two specialized pits in the roof of its mouth.
b.gathers chemicals from the air.
c.used to smell for prey.
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Have a special hinged jaw that allow them to swallow prey much larger than the size of their own head.
They “unhinge” the jaw.
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E. Two Categories of snakes:
1. NonpoisonousEx. King snake, boa constrictor, rat snake.
–a. some hold prey to the ground and swallow it LIVE.
–b. some squeeze it until it suffocates.
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BOA CONSTICTOR
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2. PoisonousEx. Rattlesnakes, cobras
–a. kill prey with poison injected with fangs {hollow teeth like hypodermic needles}.
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Cottonmouth
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Copperhead
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Rattlesnake
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b. Two Groups of Poisonous Snakes
1. Elapids–Small, tube-like fangs that are ALWAYS “erect”.Coral snakes, cobras
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2. Pit Vipers–Have large fangs that fold up in the mouth when not being used.
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Have an organ between the nostril and eye called a pit.
It is a “heat-sensing” organ to find warm blooded prey.
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G. Four Poisonous Snakes in AL:
1. Copperhead–Pit viper
2. Rattlesnake–Pit viper
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3. Water moccasin
{Cottonmouth}–Pit viper
4. Coral–elapid
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BE SAFE!
RED on BLACK, friend to Jack…King snake.
RED on YELLOWYELLOW, kill a fella…coral.
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H. Two Types of Poison:1. Hemotoxin
–Destroys blood cells and alters clotting {pit vipers}.
2. Neurotoxin–Affects the normal function of
the nervous system, that causes difficulty in breathing and heart function {elapids}.
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3. There are more than 2,000 species of snakes, only about 125 are poisonous.
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I. ReproductionA. Use a sense of smell
to find a mate.B. Internal fertilization.C. No parental care is
given; newborns defend themselves.
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J. Types of Births:A. Oviparous
–Young hatch from eggs outside their mother’s body.Most reptiles
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B. Ovoviviparous
Young hatch from eggs kept inside their mother’s body, BUT receive no nourishment from her during development.–Other reptiles
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C. ViviparousYoung are born alive and
receive nourishment from the mother during development.–mammals
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The End