Reptiles

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Reptiles • Class Reptilia • Snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises, crocodiles, alligators • Amniotic egg…leathery shell protects water environment inside • Dry, scaly skin prevents water loss

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Reptiles. Class Reptilia Snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises, crocodiles, alligators Amniotic egg…leathery shell protects water environment inside Dry, scaly skin prevents water loss. Reptiles. Circulation (2 closed systems … pulmonary and systemic) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Reptiles

Page 1: Reptiles

Reptiles• Class Reptilia• Snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises,

crocodiles, alligators• Amniotic egg…leathery shell

protects water environment inside

• Dry, scaly skin prevents water loss

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Reptiles• Circulation (2 closed systems …

pulmonary and systemic)– Heart 3 chambers in snakes and

turtles (septum divides ventricles and

minimizes blood mixing)– Heart 4 chambers in crocodiles

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Reptiles• Respiration… lungs divided into

lobes…many small sacs (alveoli) greater surface area for

respiration.• Brain very well developed,

especially cerebrum (front area, controls movement)

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Reptiles• Thermoregulation

– Ectothermic…absorb heat from surrounding, so body

temp. is close to surroundings (used to be called cold blooded)•Amphibians and fish are ectotherms,

too.

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Reptiles• Reproduction:

– Most oviparous…lay eggs that develop on their own

– Some ovoviviparous…keep egg in body to develop and lay

close to time of birth– Few viviparous…live birth

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Reptiles• Class: Chelonia:

– Turtles and tortoises• Class Squamata:

– Lizards and snakes• Class Rynchocephalia:

– Tuatara• Class Crocodilia

– Crocodiles, alligators, caimans

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Class Squamata:Lizards and snakes

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Birds• Class Aves• Evolved about 150 million years ago• Forelimbs modified to wings• Lightweight skeleton (hollow/fused bones)• Closed circulatory system with 4

chambered heart…no mixing of oxygenated/deoxygenated blood…higher

metabolism/movement• Large, well developed brain

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Birds• Endothermic (temp 104 – 106 oF)• Lungs and air sacs• Oviparous (lay eggs)• Feathers (and skin) cover body

– Flight, down, contour feathers• Digestive organs include: crop, 2

stomachs (#2…gizzard has stones in it)

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Order ColumbiformesPigeons, doves

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Order CiconiiformesHerons, storks, ibises,

egrets, penguins

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Mammals• Class Mammalia• Evolved 300 million years ago• Hair (and skin) body covering• Endothermic• 4 chambered heart (closed

circulatory system)• Females produce milk for young

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Mammals• Specialized teeth for different jobs• Lungs with alveoli (small sacs like

reptiles)•Diaphragm (muscle below

ribcage) helps breathe• Brain about 15 times heavier

than same sized fish, amphibian or reptile!

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Mammals• 3 groups of mammals

– Monotremes: Oviparous (lay eggs), e.g. duck-billed platypus

– Marsupials: viviparous (young born immature, develop inside mother for some time), e.g.

opposum, kangaroo– Placental: viviparous (young fed in

uterus by placenta), most mammals you think of

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Order Xenarthra• Anteaters,

armadillos, sloths• 30 spp

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Order Lagomorpha• Rabbits, hares,

pika• 70 spp

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Order Rodentia• Mice, squirrels,

chipmunks, rats• Largest Order,

over 1800 spp

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Order Primata• Monkeys,

gibbons, apes, humans

• 235 spp

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Order Chiroptera• Bats• 900 spp

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Order Insectivora• Shrew,

hedgehogs, moles

• 390 spp

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Order Carnivora• Dogs, cats, bears,

sea lions, otters, seals, hyenas

• 274 spp

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Order Artiodactyla• Deer, cattle, giraffe,

pig, camel• Even # toes on hoof• 210 spp

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Order Perissodactyla• odd # toes on hoof• Horse, rhino, zebra• 17 spp

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Order Cetacea• Whale, dolphin,

porpoise• 90 spp

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Order Sirenia• Manatee,

duogong• 4 spp

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Order Proboscidea• African and Asian

elephants• 2 spp

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Order Montremata• Lay eggs• Platypus,

echidna• 3 spp

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Order Marsupiala• Have pouches• 280 spp• Opposum,

kangaroo, koala bear