Reptiles
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Transcript of Reptiles
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Reptiles• Class Reptilia• Snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises,
crocodiles, alligators• Amniotic egg…leathery shell
protects water environment inside
• Dry, scaly skin prevents water loss
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Reptiles• Circulation (2 closed systems …
pulmonary and systemic)– Heart 3 chambers in snakes and
turtles (septum divides ventricles and
minimizes blood mixing)– Heart 4 chambers in crocodiles
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Reptiles• Respiration… lungs divided into
lobes…many small sacs (alveoli) greater surface area for
respiration.• Brain very well developed,
especially cerebrum (front area, controls movement)
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Reptiles• Thermoregulation
– Ectothermic…absorb heat from surrounding, so body
temp. is close to surroundings (used to be called cold blooded)•Amphibians and fish are ectotherms,
too.
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Reptiles• Reproduction:
– Most oviparous…lay eggs that develop on their own
– Some ovoviviparous…keep egg in body to develop and lay
close to time of birth– Few viviparous…live birth
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Reptiles• Class: Chelonia:
– Turtles and tortoises• Class Squamata:
– Lizards and snakes• Class Rynchocephalia:
– Tuatara• Class Crocodilia
– Crocodiles, alligators, caimans
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Class: Chelonia:Turtles and tortoises
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Class Squamata:Lizards and snakes
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Class Rynchocephalia:Tuatara
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Class CrocodiliaCrocodiles, alligators,
caimans
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Birds• Class Aves• Evolved about 150 million years ago• Forelimbs modified to wings• Lightweight skeleton (hollow/fused bones)• Closed circulatory system with 4
chambered heart…no mixing of oxygenated/deoxygenated blood…higher
metabolism/movement• Large, well developed brain
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Birds• Endothermic (temp 104 – 106 oF)• Lungs and air sacs• Oviparous (lay eggs)• Feathers (and skin) cover body
– Flight, down, contour feathers• Digestive organs include: crop, 2
stomachs (#2…gizzard has stones in it)
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Order AnseriformesSwans, ducks, geese
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Order Sterigiformesowls
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Order Apodiformeshummingbirds
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Order PsittaciformesParrots, parakeets, macaws,
cockatiels, cockatoos
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Order PiciformesWoodpeckers, toucans
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Order PasseriformesMost familiar….robins,
wrens, cardinals
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Order CiconiiformesHerons, storks, ibises,
egrets, penguins
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Order GalliformesTurkeys, pheasants, chickens
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Order StruthioniformesOstrich, emu, rhea
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Mammals• Class Mammalia• Evolved 300 million years ago• Hair (and skin) body covering• Endothermic• 4 chambered heart (closed
circulatory system)• Females produce milk for young
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Mammals• Specialized teeth for different jobs• Lungs with alveoli (small sacs like
reptiles)•Diaphragm (muscle below
ribcage) helps breathe• Brain about 15 times heavier
than same sized fish, amphibian or reptile!
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Mammals• 3 groups of mammals
– Monotremes: Oviparous (lay eggs), e.g. duck-billed platypus
– Marsupials: viviparous (young born immature, develop inside mother for some time), e.g.
opposum, kangaroo– Placental: viviparous (young fed in
uterus by placenta), most mammals you think of
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Order Xenarthra• Anteaters,
armadillos, sloths• 30 spp
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Order Lagomorpha• Rabbits, hares,
pika• 70 spp
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Order Rodentia• Mice, squirrels,
chipmunks, rats• Largest Order,
over 1800 spp
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Order Primata• Monkeys,
gibbons, apes, humans
• 235 spp
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Order Chiroptera• Bats• 900 spp
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Order Insectivora• Shrew,
hedgehogs, moles
• 390 spp
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Order Carnivora• Dogs, cats, bears,
sea lions, otters, seals, hyenas
• 274 spp
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Order Artiodactyla• Deer, cattle, giraffe,
pig, camel• Even # toes on hoof• 210 spp
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Order Perissodactyla• odd # toes on hoof• Horse, rhino, zebra• 17 spp
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Order Cetacea• Whale, dolphin,
porpoise• 90 spp
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Order Sirenia• Manatee,
duogong• 4 spp
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Order Proboscidea• African and Asian
elephants• 2 spp
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Order Montremata• Lay eggs• Platypus,
echidna• 3 spp
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Order Marsupiala• Have pouches• 280 spp• Opposum,
kangaroo, koala bear