Reproductive System. Male Reproductive System Testes Also called gonads 2 of them Suspended in a sac...
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Transcript of Reproductive System. Male Reproductive System Testes Also called gonads 2 of them Suspended in a sac...
Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Testes• Also called gonads• 2 of them• Suspended in a sac called the
scrotum• Produce sperm• Located outside the body
where the temperature is lower and won’t kill the sperm
• Produces testosterone, male hormone
• Testosterone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as deeper voice, facial hair, larger muscles, and body hair
Epididymis• Sperm leave the testes
and enter the epididymis• Tightly coiled tube, 20
feet long• Located in the scrotum,
just above the testes• Function
– Store sperm until it matures
– Produce fluid which becomes part of semen
Vas Deferens• Function
– Receives sperm from the epididymis
– Temporarily stores sperm
• Extends from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity
• Tube that is cut during a vasectomy, the procedure to produce sterility in males
Seminal Vesicles
• 2 small tubes located behind the bladder
• Function– Produce a thick,
yellow, rich in sugar that nourish the sperm
– This fluid composes a large part of the semen
Ejaculatory Ducts
• 2 short tubes• Carry sperm and fluids
known as semen through the prostate gland into the urethra
Prostate Gland• Doughnut – shaped• Located below the bladder• Produces an alkaline secretion
that increases sperm motility and neutralizes the acidity of the vagina
• During ejaculation, the prostate gland– Contracts causing the expulsion
of semen– Closes off the urethra,
preventing urine passage through the urethra
Cowper’s Gland• 2 small glands located
below the prostate gland
• Secrete a mucous-like fluid that serves as a lubricant for intercourse and an alkaline fluid to decrease the acidity of the urine residue in the urethra
Urethra
• Tube that extends from the bladder, through the penis, to the outside of the body
• Carries semen and urine
• 5-7 inches long in male
Penis• External male reproductive
organ
• Enlarged structure on the end of the penis – glands penis
• This is covered by the prepuce or foreskin
• The foreskin is removed in a procedure called circumcision
• Penis is made of spongy, erectile tissue
• Functions– When erect, male organ of
copulation/intercourse
– Provides for the elimination of urine from the bladder
Diseases
Prostatic Hypertrophy• Enlargement of the prostate
gland• Common in men over 50
years old• Causes
– Benign, due to inflammation– Tumor– Change in hormonal activity– Malignant (cancerous)
condition
• Treatment– Prostatectomy– TUR – trans urethral resection– Radiation
Testicular Cancer
• Cancer of the testicles• Frequent in men 20-35• Highly malignant and
spreads quickly• Treatment
– Orchiectomy, radiation
• ACS– American Cancer Society
– Recommends STE
– Self testicular exam
Self Testicular Exam• STE should start at age 15• Examine each testicle after
a warm shower, exam each testicle separately, gently roll between fingers and thumb to feel for lumps, nodules or extreme tenderness
• Also check for any signs of swelling or change in appearance
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries• Female gonads
• 2 small almond-shaped glands, located in the abdominal cavity, attached to the uterus by ligaments
• Contains thousands of small sacs called follicles
• Each follicle contains an immature egg or ovum
• Produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone
• Responsible for the secondary sex characteristics – breasts, hips widen, body hair
Ovulation
• The maturing and release of an egg every
• Occurs every 28 days• If egg is not fertilized,
the body sheds the lining of the uterus and menstruation occurs
Fallopian Tubes• 2 of them• 5 inches in length• Attached to the upper part
of the uterus• Function
– Move the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
– Cilia and peristalsis keep the ovum moving
– Site of fertilization, the union of the egg and sperm
Uterus• Hollow, muscular, pear-shaped
organ• 3 parts
– Fundus – top– Body – middle– Cervix – narrow bottom
• Function– Organ of menstruation– Allows for the development and growth
of the fetus– Contracts during birth to aid in the
expulsion of the fetus• Layers
- endometrial - If fertilization does not occur, this lining deteriorate, resulting in menstruation
Vagina• Muscular tube that connects
the cervix to the outside of the body
• Function– Passageway for menstrual flow
– Receives sperm and semen from the male
– Female organ of copulation
– Birth canal during delivery of the infant
Bartholin’s Glands
• 2 small glands on either side of the vaginal opening
• Secretes mucous for lubrication during intercourse
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Vulva• Collective name for the
external female genitalia• Includes
– Mons pubis - pad of fat
– Labia majora – outer folds of tissue covered with pubic hair
– Labia minora – inner folds of tissue
– Perineum – area between the vagina and anus
Breasts• Mammary glands• Contain lobes that surface
at the nipples• Function
– Secrete milk – lactate after childbirth
Diseases
Female Reproductive System
Breast Tumors
• Benign or • American Cancer
Society recommends SBE
• Self Breast Examination every month for adult females at the end of menstruation
SBE
Mammograms
• ACS recommends a baseline test between 35-40
Treatments
• Lumpectomy• Simple mastectomy• Radical mastectomy• Radiation• Chemotherapy
Cancer of the Cervix• Detected by a PAP
smear• Treatment
– Hysterectomy
– Removal of cervix and uterus
Endometriosis
• Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
• Can occur during surgery, through the fallopian tubes, blood and lymph
PMS Premenstrual Syndrome
• Group of symptoms that appear 3-14 days before menstruation
• Cause – unknown• Related to hormonal
changes or biochemical imbalance