Reproductive structures

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9/4/2013 1 REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES OBICO JJA, Instructor Department of Biology, UP Manila FLOWER | Reproductive organ of angiosperms | Angiosperms- flowering plants | Modified shoot with four whorls y SEPALS- calyx PETALS ll Non-reproductive parts y PETALS- corolla y STAMENS- androecium y PISTILS- gynoecium Non reproductive parts Reproductive parts PISTIL PISTIL STAMEN STAMEN anther anther filament filament style style stigma stigma Parts of a flower Parts of a flower ovary ovary ovule ovule receptacle receptacle pedicel pedicel SEPAL SEPAL PETAL PETAL Parts of a flower Parts of a flower FLORAL VARIATION | Complete and Incomplete | Perfect and Imperfect (Bisexual and Unisexual) y Unisexual flowers- either pistillate/ carpellate or staminate | Monoecious and Dioecious | Monoecious and Dioecious

Transcript of Reproductive structures

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REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURESOBICO JJA, Instructor Department of Biology, UP Manila

FLOWER

Reproductive organ of angiospermsAngiosperms- flowering plantsModified shoot with four whorls

SEPALS- calyxPETALS ll Non-reproductive partsPETALS- corolla

STAMENS- androeciumPISTILS- gynoecium

Non reproductive parts

Reproductive parts

PISTILPISTIL

STAMENSTAMENantheranther

filamentfilament

stylestylestigmastigma

Parts of a flowerParts of a flowerovaryovaryovuleovule

receptaclereceptacle

pedicelpedicelSEPALSEPAL

PETALPETAL

Parts of a flowerParts of a flower

FLORAL VARIATION

Complete and IncompletePerfect and Imperfect (Bisexual and Unisexual)

Unisexual flowers- either pistillate/ carpellate or staminate

Monoecious and DioeciousMonoecious and Dioecious

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MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

ALTERNATION OF GENERATION

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Carpels and stamensContain the sporangia

SporangiumContains the sporesChambers here male and female gametoph tes Chambers where male and female gametophytes develop

Male gametophyteSperm-containing pollen grain

Female gametophyteEgg-containing structures called embryo sacsEmbryo sac develop within the ovules

Development of male gametophyte (Pollen)Development of female gametophyte (Embryo)Pollination

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integument

funiculusmicropyle

POLLINATION

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SEEDContains a miniature plantSeed Dormancy

Very low metabolic rateNot growing and developingEnsures that germination ill occur at a time and Ensures that germination will occur at a time and place most advantageous to the seedling

GerminationResumption of growth and development

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SEED GERMINATIONImbibitionSeed coat expand and rupturesActivation of digestive enzymesMobilization of nutrients

Radicle- first structure to emergeTypes:

EpigealHypogeal

FRUITMature ovaryAs seed develops after fertilization, the ovary wall thickensProtects the enclosed Protects the enclosed seedOther floral parts witherVariation in fruits

Aid in their dispersal

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FROM OVARY TO FRUIT

A fruitDevelops from the ovaryProtects the enclosed seedsAids in the dispersal of seeds by wind or animals

Fruits are classified into several typesDepending on their developmental origin

Stamen

CarpelsFlowerOvary

StigmaStamen

Figure 38.9a–c

Simple fruit. A simple fruit develops from a single carpel (or several fused carpels) of one flower (examples: pea, lemon, peanut).

(a) Aggregate fruit. An aggregate fruit develops from many separate carpels of one flower (examples: raspberry, blackberry, strawberry).

(b) Multiple fruit. A multiple fruit develops from many carpels of many flowers (examples: pineapple, fig).

(c)Pineapple fruitRaspberry fruitPea fruit

Stamen

Carpel(fruitlet) Stigma

Ovary

Raspberry flower

Eachsegmentdevelopsfrom thecarpel ofone flower

Pineapple inflorescenceOvule

Pea flower

Seed

FRUIT TYPES

Based on Developmental OriginSimple- single ovaryAggregate- single flower with several unfused carpelsMultiple - inflorescence

B d T t f th P iBased on Texture of the PericarpDry

IndehiscentDehiscent

FleshyPericarp has visible layers

ExocarpMesocarpEndocarp

Fleshy Fruit Pericarp

FLESHY FRUIT PERICARP

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FRUIT AND SEED DISPERSAL

Anemochory: Dispersal by wind. Autochory: Dispersal by physical expulsion, often explosively. Endozoochory: Dispersal through animal ingestion and excretioningestion and excretion.Epizoochory: Dispersal by attachment to fur or feathers. Hydrochory: Dispersal by water. Myrmecochory: Dispersal by ants.

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DISPERSAL OF FRUITS AND SEEDS